Tobacco

• Identify factors that are associated with the initiation and continuation of smoking tobacco.

• Illustrate racial and gender differences related to smoking tobacco.

• Discuss the health effects of tobacco use.• Compare and contrast the usage and risks for cigarettes

and other forms of tobacco.• Describe methods for quitting smoking tobacco.• Discuss the health effects of environmental tobacco

smoke.• Evaluate their personal exposure to tobacco products

(personal use or exposure to environmental tobacco smoke) and identify strategies to decrease risk.

Chapter Learning Objectives

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), some 43 million men and women smoke.

Factors Associated With Starting To Smoke

• Limited education.• Underestimation of risk.• Adolescent experimentation and rebellion.• Stress.• Parental role models.• Addiction.• Mental disorders.• Genetics.• Weight control.• Aggressive marketing.• Media messages.• Deceptive labels.

Factors Associated With Continued Smoking

Pleasure

Mental disorders

Dependence (may affect 90% of smokers)

Fear of weight gain

Tobacco Use on Campus

• One in every four to five students currently smoke.• Social Smoking • “Social smokers” average less than one

cigarette a day and smoke mainly in the company of others.

• College Tobacco-Control Policies•Many have tobacco free campuses and

more have tobacco free residence halls

Gender Differences In Nicotine Effects

•Breast cancer•Osteoporosis•Early menopause•Lung cancer•Side effects of oral contraceptives•Miscarriage•Pregnancy difficulties•Birth defects

WomenIncreases risks of •Erectile dysfunction•Rheumatoid arthritis•Lung cancer

Men

• Asian American and Hispanic women

• Most abused by Hispanic youth

• Native American, Alaskan Native• African American and Southeast Asian men• White college students

Smoking Rates Vary Between Races

Smoking Gets Nicotine To Brain In Seconds

Health Effects Of Cigarette Smoking

Health Effects Of Cigarette Smoking

Health Effects Of Cigarette Smoking

Healthy Nonsmoker’s Lung and Smoker’s Lung

Other Forms Of Tobacco

Cigars Cancer of lung and digestive tract

Hookas Same risks as cigarette smoking

BidisThree times as much nicotine and carbon monoxide and five times as much tar as cigarettes

Other Forms Of Tobacco

Clove Cigarettes

Twice the nicotine and Eugenol which deadens throat sensation so you hold smoke in lungs for longer time

Smokeless Tobacco

Powerful carcinogens

Cancer of lip, pharynx, larynx and esophagus

Because they decide to take personal responsibility for their health, 90% of

former smokers have quit on their own.

Quitting and the Risks Associated with Smoking

Quitting Options

• Quitting on Your Own• Virtual Support• Stop-Smoking Groups• Nicotine-Replacement

Therapy (NRT)• Nicotine gum• Nicotine patches• Nicotine inhalers

• Medications• Chantix and Zyban

• Other Ways to Quit• Hypnosis• Acupuncture

Environmental second-hand smoke is

the most hazardous form of indoor air pollution and

is the third-leading preventable cause of death

Environmental Tobacco Smoke

Mainstream smokeThe smoke inhaled directly by smoking a cigarette.

Sidestream smokeThe smoke emitted by a burning cigarette and breathed by everyone in a closed room, including the smoker; contains more tar and nicotine than mainstream smoke.

Harm Caused by Secondhand Smoke

Health Effects Of Environmental Smoke

WomenPostmenopausal women—breast cancer

Children

Brain tumors, leukemia, lymphoma

Growth and development impaired

Behavior problems

Speech, language, intelligence and visual-spatial ability deficits

Everyone

Heart disease

Asthma

Cancers—lung, nasal, pharynx

Alzheimer’s and dementia

Becoming Smoke-Free

Use delaying tactics.Distract yourself.

Establish nonsmoking hours.Never smoke two packs of the same brand in a row.

Make it harder to get your cigarettes.Change the way you smoke.

Stop completely for just one day at a time.Spend time in places where you cannot smoke.

Go cold turkey.