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HEALTHYTUMALOCOMMUNITYPLAN

AHealthImpactAssessmentontheTumaloCommunityPlanAChapterOfThe20‐YearDeschutesCountyComprehensivePlanUpdate

CONTRIBUTORS

ThisprojectwasfundedbytheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionandTheAssociation

ofStateandTerritorialHealthOfficialsthroughagrantadministeredbytheOregonHealth

Authority,OfficeofEnvironmentalPublicHealth.

DeschutesCountyHIAWorkgroup:

Coordination,LiteratureReview,Analysis

• ThereseMadrigal,DeschutesCountyHealthServices

• KateWells,St.CharlesHealthSystem

• KimCurley,CommuteOptionsforCentralOregon

AdvisoryCommittee

• NickLeLack,PlanningDirector,DeschutesCountyCommunityDevelopment

• TerriHansenPayne,Sr.Planner,DeschutesCountyCommunityDevelopment

• PeterRussell,Sr.TransportationPlanner,DeschutesCountyCommunityDevelopment

• SusanPeithman,OregonAdvocateforBicycleTransportationAlliance

• CarolynPerry,TumaloResident

• PaulaKinzer,TumaloResident

• JessicaKelly,TumaloResident

• BarbaraDenzler,EnvironmentalHealthConsultant

TABLEOFCONTENTS

I. ExecutiveSummary 1II. Introduction 4

a. HIARationaleIII. CommunityProfile 5

a. GreaterTumaloAreab. VulnerablePopulationsc. HowtheWestWasWonBack:AVisioningExercise

IV. HIAMethodology 10

a. GuidingPrinciplesb. HIAComponentsc. Screeningd. CommunityParticipatione. Scoping

V. LiteratureReviewandLocalConditions 13

a. PhysicalActivityb. TrafficSafetyc. RuralLivability

VI. Conclusion:HealthImpactsofTumaloCommunityPlanPolicies 19

a. Hwy20i. HIAWorkgroupRecommendations

b. Multi‐modalTrailSystem&RecreationalAmenitiesi. HIAWorkgroupRecommendations

VII. Appendices

a. LiteratureReviewandDatabyPolicyFocusAreab. BendMetroParksandRecreationDistrictLettertoDeschutesCountyPlanningc. TumaloCommunityPlanOriginalandPost‐HIADraftd. BulletinArticleonCommunityListeningSessions

IX. References

I. EXECUTIVESUMMARYPurpose

HealthImpactAssessment(HIA)isanemergingpracticeintheUnitedStatesanditiswidelypromotedbytheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)asatooltoinfluencepolicy,projectsandprogramsthathaveshortandlong‐termhealthconsequences.WithfundingfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,theAssociationofStateandTerritorialHealthOffices,andtrainingandtechnicalassistancefromOregonPublicHealthAuthorityOfficeofEnvironmentalPublicHealth,DeschutesCountyHealthServicesandateamofcommunitypartnerschosetoimplementaHealthImpactAssessment(HIA)onthedraftTumaloCommunityPlan,achapterofthe20‐year,CountyComprehensivePlanUpdate.ThepurposeofthisHIAistwo‐fold:(1)EvaluatethedraftTumaloCommunityPlan(TCP)inthecontextofcommunityhealthbyaddressingthehealthimpactsofpoliciescontainedwithin;and(2)SupportCountyPlannersintheirprocessoffinalizingtheTCPbyincludingrecommendationsthatmaybeincorporatedintothefinalplanthatisadoptedbytheCountyBoardofCommissionersin2010.Methodology

TheresearchconductedinthisprojectusedstandardHIAstepsasrecommendedbytheCDC.Theseinclude:Screening,Scoping,Assessment,ReportingandMonitoring.Inadditiontothisframework,theprojectusedcommunityengagementtoformanadvisorycouncil,includingrepresentativesfromthepublichealth,countyplanning,transportationandhealthcaresectorsaswellasTumaloarearesidentsandcommunityadvocates.TheAdvisoryCouncilinformedkeyactivitiesincludingtheorganizationofcommunitylisteningsessionsaswellasidentificationofthescopeoftheHIAaroundthreepolicyfocusareas:safetyandaccessibilityofHighway20,accesstoparksandrecreationalamenities,andthedevelopmentofamulti‐modaltrailsystem.

HealthImpactsoftheTumaloCommunityPlan

CategoriesrelatedtoexistinglocalconditionsandbackgrounddataweredevelopedandusedtoassesshealthconsequencesthatmaybeinfluencedbytheHIA’sthreepolicyfocusareas.Thesemetrics,alsoknownasproximalhealthimpacts,includefrequencyandqualityofphysicalactivity,trafficsafetyandrurallivability.Ofthethreemetrics,rurallivabilityemergedasakeyconceptinthecontextofTumalo’scommunityhealth.Thoughopinionsdifferwidelyontactics,mostresidentswespokewithareinterestedinenhancingTumalo’ssenseof“place.”Healthpromotionliteratureoftenanecdotallysuggests“senseofplace”playsaroleininfluencinghealthdeterminantssuchassocialcapital/cohesion,accesstogoodsandservicesandfrequencyofrecreationandphysicalactivity.Thisappearstocontributetoeachproximalhealthimpact,andcanbeinfluencedgreatlybythepoliciesadoptedinthis20‐yearplan.FindingsandRecommendations

FollowingaretheprincipalfindingsandrecommendationsthatpromotepositivehealthoutcomesrelativetothethreeHIAfocusareas.

HealthyTumaloCommunityPlan:AHealthImpactAssessment,page1

ImprovingthesafetyandaccessibilityofU.S.Hwy.20:Highway20accessibility(foralltransportationmodes)isakeyissueinTumalo.ThoughthespeedlimitthroughTumaloonthehighwayisreducedat45MPH,therearefewmeasuresinplacetoenforcethisspeed.Relatedtothis,safetycontinuestobeabarriertorurallivabilityandoptimalcommunityhealth.TheCountyandODOThavedevelopedashort‐termstrategytoreducethetraffichazardsbyconstructingaraisedmediannearSeventhandBaileyStreet,whichwillimproveconditions.Ultimately,however,broadermeasuressuchasgradeseparatedcrossingsacrossU.S.Hwy.20couldprovideTumaloamyriadofbenefits,suchasimprovedpublicsafety,greateraccesstodestinationswithinandjustoutsidetheircommunity,increasedphysicalactivityandlocaleconomicsustainability.KeyHIArecommendationsinvolvechangingpolicylanguageinthecurrentdraftTCP.KeyrecommendationstopoliciesinthecurrentTCPdraftaroundHwy.20accessibilityandsafetyinclude:

• Recommendedchangetotransportationgoalonpage25(ofcurrentTCPdraft):Provideasafeandefficientsystemforcyclists,equestrians,pedestriansandmotorvehiclestosupportlocaleconomicdevelopment,recreationaluses,andcommunityhealth.

• RecommendedchangetoRoadandSidewalk,Policy#2:Supporta‘completestreets’policyconsistentwithTableAofDeschutesCountyCode17.48toestablishfutureroadwaydesignguidelinesthatplanforandoperatetheentirerightofwaytoenablesafeaccessforallusers.

• RecommendedchangetoPolicy#9:Supportchangesinroadsideenvironmenttopromoteareductionintrafficspeedthroughtreeplanting,signage,shouldertreatmentsorothermeans.

• RecommendedchangetoPolicy#11:ImprovecrossingconditionsacrossHwy.20byprovidingagradeseparatedcrossingtosupportsafeaccesstorecreationandcommunityservicesforallusers.

Multi‐modalTrailSystemandNearbyRecreation:ManyTumaloresidentsechotheconcernthatgrowinginformaluseofareanaturalresources,inthiscasetheDeschutesRiver,mayresultinadverseconsequences.Thecommunityatlargesupportsharnessingthisrecreationaldrawbycreatinginfrastructuretoformalizerecreation,capturecommercialbusinessandavoidenvironmentalorhealthriskthatinformalusecreates.Theserisksincludeparkingcrowdingandcongestionalongruralroads,vandalism,littering,andpublictrespassingonprivatelandandsensitivewetlandareas.

TheHIAworkgrouprecommendsanintegratedplanningapproachtorecreationandtrails,whichwouldalsoencompassplanningforHighway20accessibility.Thismethod,whichincludeslinkingrecreationaldestinationswithtransportationinfrastructuresuchasamulti‐modaltrailsystem,canhavemanypositivebenefitsforruralcommunitiesaswellasobvioushealthbenefitssuchasincreasedphysicalactivity,socialcohesionaswellasincreasedeconomicactivity.IntheTumaloCommunityListeningsession,oneresidentsaid“BuildatrailunderthebridgealongtheriverfromTumaloStateParktotown.”ThissentimentwasechoedbyseveralotherTumalocitizens.Keyrecommendationstopoliciesaroundtrailsandrecreationinclude:

• RecommendedchangetoCommunityGoal(page21ofcurrentTCPdraft):Protectand enhancetheruralsmall‐towncharacteroftheTumaloCommunity,whileencouraging


accessibilityontheprovisionofservices,supportinghealthyactivelifestylesand increasingsocialconnectionsamongcommunitymembersandthesurroundingrural community.• RecommendedchangetoOpenSpaceandRec.Policies,Policy#8:Publicaccesstothe

riverwillbepreservedandinfrastructureimprovementswillbesupportedincludingformalriveraccesspoints,publicsignage,lighting,sanitaryfacilitiesandimprovedparkingconditions.

• CommunityPolicies(page21)‐addpolicy:SupportschooldistrictinimprovingcommunityuseofTumaloCommunitySchoolfacilitiesthroughjoint‐usepoliciesthatencouragecommunityeducation,recreationandenrichmentprogramsforstudents,parentsandnon‐parentcommunitymembers.

• OpenSpaceandRecreationPolicies(page21)‐addpolicy:Supportthedevelopmentofatrailsandrecreationmasterplan.

• OpenSpaceandRecreationPolicies(page21)‐addpolicy:SupportandadvocatefortheexpansionoftheBendMetroParkandRecreationDistricttoincludetheTumaloarea.


II. INTRODUCTIONCommunityhealthisprofoundlyimpactedbymultipleeconomicsectorsandpolicies.Transportationpolicies,forexample,canplayamajorroleintrafficinjuriesaswellasinnoiseandairpollutiontonearbypublicorresidentialareas.Conversely,transportationpoliciesthataredevelopedwiththeintenttoimprovehealthoutcomeswillbothhelpreducetheserisksaswellaspromotehealthybehaviorchoicessuchaswalkingandcycling.HealthImpactAssessment(HIA)isanemergingpracticeintheUnitedStatesanditiswidelypromotedbytheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)asatooltoinfluencedecisionsthathaveshortandlong‐termhealthconsequences.HIAiscommonlydefinedas“acombinationofprocedures,methods,andtoolsbywhichapolicy,program,orprojectmaybejudgedastoitspotentialeffectsonthehealthofapopulation,andthedistributionofthoseeffectswithinthepopulation”(Gothenburg,1999).a.TumaloCommunityPlanHIARationaleWithfundingsupport,trainingandtechnicalassistancefromtheOregonDepartmentofEnvironmentalHealth,DeschutesCountyHealthServicesandateamofcommunitypartnerschosetoimplementanHIAonthedraftTumaloCommunityPlan,acomponentofthe20‐year,CountyComprehensivePlanUpdate.ThepurposeofthisHIAistwo‐fold:(1)EvaluatethedraftTumaloCommunityPlan(TCP)inthecontextofcommunityhealthbyaddressingthehealthimpactsofpoliciescontainedwithin;and(2)SupportCountyPlannersintheirprocessoffinalizingtheTCPbyincludingrecommendationsthatmaybeincorporatedintothefinalplanthatisadoptedbytheCountyBoardofCommissionersin2010.Figure1.TumaloCommunityandSurroundingArea


III. TUMALOCOMMUNITYPROFILETumaloisasmallruralcommunitythreemilesnorthwestofthecityofBend.TumaloisoneoffourtypesofStatedefinedUnincorporatedCommunities.Assuch,theboundaryistightlyregulatedasaretheallowedlanduses.Figure2representsthelegalcomprehensiveplanandzoningboundary.TheCityofBend,whichhassignificantlyincreasedinpopulationoverthelastdecadeisCentralOregon’slargestcityanddespiteitsmodestsize,hasrecentlyreachedmetropolitanplanningorganization(MPO)status,afederaldesignationrequiredwhenacitysurpasses50,000inpopulation.SomeconsiderTumaloa“bedroomcommunity”toBend,however,Tumaloresidentspassionatelyvalueretainingthelongstandingruralcharacterthatattractedthemtothearea.DuringtheTumaloCommunityListeningSessiononegentlemanremindedthegroupthat“Tumalowasformedtobethe‘capitol’ofCentralOregon‐wewanttokeepthatconnectivity.”Figure3.TumaloCommunitySchoolBoundary

a.GreaterTumaloAreaThestate‐definedTumalocommunityboundarydoesnotincludealargeroutlyingareawhereinasignificantnumberofresidentsreside(seeFigure3).TheseresidentsconsiderthemselvesTumalocommunitymembers,frequentlyaccesslocalgoodsandservicesandareimpactedbylocaltransportationandland‐usepolicies.TheCountycurrentlyestimatesTumaloat372peoplebasedontheruralcommunityboundary(Figure2),withbuildoutpotentialto604.Thisestimate

isbasedonaresidentialboundaryoflessthanonesquaremile,whereastheTumaloCommunitySchool,withover400enrolledstudents,hasasignificantlylargerattendancearea.Withinthatarea,itisestimatedanadditional6,500residentsreside.InthisHIAwetakeaccountoftheTumaloCommunitySchoolboundarywhenassessingvulnerablepopulationsaswellasoverallcommunityhealthimpactrelatedtokeyTumaloCommunityPlan(TCP)policies.

Figure2.TumaloRuralBoundary


b.VulnerablePopulations

Ruralresidents:WhileoverweightandobesitynumbershavebeentrendingupwardatanalarmingrateintheUnitedStates,theproblemmaybegrowingdisproportionatelyinruralsettings.TexasA&MUniversityhasconductedresearchthatfindspeoplewholiveinruralcommunitieshaveahigherriskforobesitywhichcanleadtoserioushealthconditionssuchasdiabetes,cancerandcardiovasculardisease.Thisissupportedbynationalsurveydataandsmallerregionalstudies.Ashifthasoccurredinchildhoodoverweightandobesityoverthepast20yearsaswellinvolvingareversalofprevalencefromurbantoruralpopulations(Liu,et.al,2007).

ForpurposesofthisHIA,werecognizethatalthoughagreaterportionofDeschutesCountyresidentsliveinurbanareasofthecountywithapproximatelyonethirdresidinginsmaller,unincorporatedtowns,mostconsidertheircommunitiestobesmallandrural.ThisincludesresidentsonthefringeofBendandRedmondandasmallLatinopopulationincludingthosewithinTumalo’sstate‐definedruralboundaryaswellastheTumaloCommunitySchoolservicearea.Regardlessofaddress,acommondenominatoramongallCentralOregoniansisthevalueplacedonpreservingsmall‐townfeelandlifestyle.SectionV.partC,ofthisdocument,speakstowhyrurallivabilityisaconsiderationinthisHIAstudy,andreferencesstudiesinagrowingbodyofresearchwhichisdispellingthemyththatpeoplewholiveinruralcommunitiesaremorephysicallyfitthantheirurbancounterparts.

School‐agechildren:HeadedbyFirstLadyMichelleObama,TheWhiteHouseTaskForceonChildhoodObesityhassetagoalofreducingchildhoodandadolescentobesityfromthenationalaverageofapproximately30%to5%bytheyear2030.Oneoftherecommendedmeansofaddressingthisgoalisincreasingtheamountofyouthswhowalkandbiketoschoolto50%by2015.ThisisaparticularlytallgoalforruralcommunitieslikeTumalo,manyofwhichlackinfrastructuretokeepchildrensafefromtrafficincidents–atopconcernforparentswhodrivetheirchildrentoschoolevenwhentheylivewithinwalkingdistance(lessthanonemile).

HIAWorkgrouppartnerorganization,CommuteOptionsforCentralOregonconductedSafeRoutestoSchool(SRTS)parentandstudentsurveysintheTumaloCommunitySchoolinMayof2010.115surveyswerereturnedbyparentsand13handtallies(verbalsurveywithstudents)werereturnedbyteachers.AsshowninFigure4,lessthanonepercentofrespondentscurrentlyaccessTumaloCommunitySchoolbyanactivemode.Theschoolbussystemhas71busstops.Figure6demonstratesawillingnessofparentsandstudentstochoosemodesotherthandrivingshouldinfrastructurebeimprovedtocreatesaferconditions.

FollowingareotherfindingsrelatedtowalkingandbikingtoschoolforparentsandstudentsatTumaloCommunitySchool.

• Barrier:66.1%citedistancefromhometoschool• Barrier:60.9%citetrafficspeedonroutetoschool• Barrier:52.2%citetrafficvolumealongroute• Barrier:49.6%citesafetyofintersectionsandcrossings


• 74%ofrespondentslivemorethan2milesofTCS• 10%ofrespondentslivewithinonemileofTCS

Figure4:TransportationChoicesByMode

Figure5:ModeSplitByAMandPMTrips


Figure6:IfConditionsWereToChange

Issue ChangeWouldaffectdecision

ChangeWouldNotaffectdecision

NotSureifchangewouldaffectdecision

Distance 48(41.7%) 34(29.6%) 3(2.6%)

Trafficspeedalongroutetoschool 44(38.3%) 38(33.0%) 8(7.0%)

Trafficvolumealongroute 38(33.0%) 38(33.0%) 7(6.1%)

Sidewalksorpathways 32(27.8%) 27(23.5%) 2(1.7%)

Safetyofintersections&crossings 33(28.7%) 31(27.0%) 6(5.2%)

Crossingguards 9(7.8%) 25(21.7%) 3(2.6%)


c.HowtheWestWasWonBack:AVisionforaHealthy,ActiveTumalo

AttheoutsetoftheHIA,weexploredhowanswerstoissuesthatimpacthealthsuchaspopulationgrowthintheregion,economicdevelopment,transportation,socialisolationandland‐usearenotone‐size‐fits‐all,particularlyforacommunitylikeTumalo.Figure7encapsulateshowresidentsandmembersoftheHIAAdvisoryCouncil(AC)envisiontheareaattheendoftheTumaloCommunityPlantimeline(2030).TheWorkgrouppresentedthistoamixofresidents–withvaryingperspectivesofrurallivability–atthelisteningsessionsonApril27,2010.Despiteadifferenceinopinionontactics,mostresidentsappeartosupportlocaleconomicdevelopment,enhancingTumalo’ssenseof“place.”Itwouldbeinteresting,however,todelveabitdeeperintowhycertainresidentsaremoreinsupportoftakingactiontoplanforfuturegrowthandsustainabledevelopmentthanothers.

Figure7.VisioningExercise


IV. HIAMETHODSa.GuidingPrinciplesTheDeschutesCountyHIAworkgroupimplementedthisprojectaccordingtoframeworkthathasbeenestablishedbytheNorthAmericanHIAPracticeStandardsWorkgroup.AmongstandardHIAprocedures(seenextsection),anoverarchingsetofprinciplesareadheredtothroughouteachstepoftheprocess(PrinciplesadaptedbyHIAPracticeStandardsWorkgroupfromQuigleyetal,2006).Democracy–emphasizingtherightofpeopletoparticipateintheformulationanddecisionsofproposalsthataffecttheirlife,bothdirectlyandthroughelecteddecisionmakers.Inadheringtothisvalue,theHIAmethodshouldinvolveandengagethepublic,andinformandinfluencedecisionmakers.Adistinctionshouldbemadebetweenthosewhotakerisksvoluntarilyandthosewhoareexposedtorisksinvoluntarily(WorldHealthOrganization,2001).Equity–emphasizingthedesiretoreduceinequitythatresultsfromavoidabledifferencesinthehealthdeterminantsand/orhealthstatuswithinandbetweendifferentpopulationgroups.Inadheringtothisvalue,HIAshouldconsiderthedistributionofhealthimpactsacrosspopulations,payingspecificattentiontovulnerablegroupsandrecommendwaystoimprovetheproposeddevelopmentforaffectedgroups.Sustainabledevelopment–emphasizingthatdevelopmentmeetstheneedsofthepresentgenerationwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Inadheringtothisvalue,theHIAmethodshouldjudgeshort‐andlong‐termimpactsofaproposalandprovidethosejudgmentswithinatimeframetoinformdecisionmakers.Goodhealthisthebasisofresilienceinthehumancommunitiesthatsupportdevelopment.Ethicaluseofevidence–emphasizingthattransparentandrigorousprocessesareusedtosynthesizeandinterprettheevidence,thatthebestavailableevidencefromdifferentdisciplinesandmethodologiesisutilized,thatallevidenceisvalued,andthatrecommendationsaredevelopedimpartially.Inadheringtothisvalue,theHIAmethodshoulduseevidencetojudgeimpactsandinformrecommendations;itshouldnotsetouttosupportorrefuteanyproposal,anditshouldberigorousandtransparent.Comprehensiveapproachtohealth–emphasizingthatphysical,mentalandsocialwell‐beingisdeterminedbyabroadrangeoffactorsfromallsectorsofsociety(knownasthewiderdeterminantsofhealth).Inadheringtothisvalue,theHIAmethodshouldbeguidedbythewiderdeterminantsofhealth.b.HIAComponentsHIAusesquantitative,qualitativeandcommunityparticipatorytechniquestohelpdecision‐makersmakechoicesaboutalternativesandimprovementsthatcanbemadetoprevent


disease/injuryandtoactivelypromotehealth.(WorldHealthOrganization,2010).HIAsareimplementedincludingthefollowingfivesteps:

1) Screening–DeterminingtheneedandvalueofaHIA.2) Scoping–Determiningwhichhealthimpactstoevaluate,themethodsforanalysis,and

theplantocompletetheassessment.3) Assessment–Usingdata,research,expertise,andexperiencetojudgethemagnitude

anddirectionofpotentialhealthimpacts.4) Reporting–Communicatingtheresultstostakeholdersanddecisionmakers.5) Monitoring–TrackingtheeffectsoftheHIArecommendationandthedecisionon

health.

ThisreportconcludestheDeschutesCountyWorkgroup’simplementationofthefirstfourstepsofTumaloCommunityPlanHIA(screening,scoping,assessment,andreporting).Weareabletopartiallyaddressstagefour(reporting)becausetheHIAprocessinandofitselfhashadanimpactonthedevelopmentofrecentinternaldraftsoftheTumaloCommunityPlan(seesectionC).Stagefive(monitoring),willbeanongoingprocess,undertakenbytheWorkgroupafterthisreporthasbeencompleted.c.ScreeningDeschutesCountyisgeographicallyseparatedbytheCascadeMountainsfromthemoreheavilypopulatedurbancommunitiesalongtheInterstate5Corridor.ThoughDeschutesCountyonthewholeisfarfrom“urban”inthetraditionalsenseoftheword,theregionhasexperiencedtremendouspopulationgrowthoverthepastdecade.Still,everymajorcommunityintheCounty(Bend,Redmond,Sisters,Tumalo,TerrebonneandLaPine)sharescommonruraldesigncharacteristics,mostnotablythepresenceofamajorhighwaydividingresidential,commercialandpublicservices.Strategiesaddressingconvergenceofpopulationgrowth,transportationpolicyandruraldesignhavetypicallyinvolvedconventionalmethodssuchasconstructionofhighwayby‐passestodiverttrucktrafficfromcitycenters.Smallercommunitiestypicallydonotwarrantprojectsofsuchmagnitude,nordotheynecessarilybenefitfromthem.Therefore,othermethodsmustbedevelopedandemployed.AninherentchallengeinaddressinggrowthandrelatedissuessuchastrafficcongestionistheneedforCountyPlannerstobalanceimplementingland‐useandtransportationstrategieswiththepublicinterest–whichinTumalo’scaseismaintainingruralcharacter.Health,however,isnotalwaysattheforefrontofthisdecisionmakingprocess.ItistheintentoftheDeschutesCountyHIAWorkgrouptobringhealthconsiderationstolightasanewinfluencingfactoronbothplannersandcommunitymember’sviewpointsonland‐useandeconomicsectordevelopmentpolicies.

TheWorkgroup’sinitialscreeningdiscussionsidentifiedthe30‐yearCountyComprehensivePlanUpdatetoexaminehowplanningforruralcommunitiescanhaveeitherpositiveornegativeconsequencesonpublichealth.Duetotimingconstraints,theWorkgroupchosetofocusontheTumaloCommunityPlanspecificallybecauseitwasinastageofdevelopmentcomplementarytoHIA.WithitslocationbetweenCentralOregon’slargestandfastestgrowing


cities,BendandRedmond,thisHIAalsoprovidesanopportunitytoexplorehowgrowthinadjacentareasmightimpacttherurallivabilityofTumalo.TheintentofthisHIAistobothimpactpolicieswithintheplan,aswellassharelessonslearnedwithotherruralcommunitiesandplannersthroughoutCentralOregon.d.CommunityParticipationAdvisoryCommittee(AC):TheHIAWorkgroupformedanadvisorycouncil(AC)ofTumalocommunityadvocatesandcountyplannerstoinformthescope,researchandcommunityengagementcomponentsoftheproject.Thecouncilincluded11peopleallofwhichwereinvitedtoattendanon‐sitetrainingbytheOregonDepartmentofEnvironmentalHealthaswellasatotaloffourmeetingstointroducetheproject,conductandrevisescoping,reviewdata,andreview,discussandrevisetheHIAfinalreport.Emailwasusedoftentoshareresourcesandgathercommitteefeedback.ListeningSessions:TheHIAWorkgroup,whichincludesDeschutesCountyHealthyCommunityCoordinatorandcommunitypartnersintransportationandhealthcare,hasbeenfortunatetohaveaccesstopublicinputgatheredfromCountyPlannersduringinitialTCPdevelopment.Inadditiontothisbackgrounddata,theHIAWorkgroupheldaWorldCaféstylelisteningsessionattheTumaloCommunitySchoolonApril27,2010.30Tumaloresidentsattended.Residentsparticipatedindiscussionsaroundeachpolicyfocusarea(safeaccessibilityofHighway20,multi‐modaltrailsystems,recreationalamenities).PulledquotesfromthelisteningsessionsfrombothcommunitymembersandbusinessownerscanbefoundthroughoutthisreporttoillustratecommunitymemberperceptionsofexistingconditionsrelatedtoeachHIApolicyarea.


e.ScopingTheadvisorycouncilidentifiedthefollowingthreegeneralpolicyareastoevaluateinthisHIA:A) Safety/accessibilityofHighway20forallusersB) Needforamulti‐modaltrailsystemC) AccesstorecreationalamenitiesExistingconditionsandbackgrounddatatoassesshealthconsequencesthatmaybeinfluencedbytheabovepoliciesarepresentedinthefollowingsection.InHIApractice,theseareknownasproximalhealthimpacts.ForpurposesofthisHIAproximalhealthimpactswearefocusingoninclude:

• Physicalactivity• Trafficsafety• Rurallivability

Otherproximalimpactsthatmayberelatedbutwhichthisprojectdidnotfocusonfortimeconstraintsand/ordatauncertaintyinclude:

• Airandnoisepollution• Mentalhealth• Climatechange• Nutrition

V. LITERATUREREVIEWANDLOCALCONDITIONSPartofHIAmethodologyistoexamineexistingconditionsaswellasestablishanyconnectionsthatmayexistbetweenproposedpoliciesandpositiveornegativehealthoutcomes.Thisparticularphaseinvolvesanextensiveliteraturereview.FollowingisasummaryofthereviewconductedforthisHIAandanassessmentoflocalconditionsbyproximalhealthimpactarea.MoreinformationaroundthelinkbetweenTCPpolicyfocusareas(Highway20accessibility,multi‐modaltrailsystemdevelopmentandrecreationaldevelopment)andhealthoutcomescanbefoundinAppendixA.

a.PhysicalActivity

TheTumaloareahasuniquenaturalresourcesincludingTumaloStatePark,justoutsidetheruralboundary,aswellasDeschutesRiverandTumaloCreek,whicharegrowinginpopularityasrecreationalopportunitiesforresidentsaswellasvisitorstothearea(rafting,fishing,etc).Accordingtoareportentitled,“Recreation,TourismandRuralWell‐being,”therecanbedownsideswhenrecreationisunplannedorgrowsinpopularitytooquickly.Thiscanleadtocongestedroads,additionalroadsidehazardsandcanstrainthecapacityofpublicservices(Reeder,2005).ManyTumaloresidentsechothisconcernandindicatethatthecommunitywouldsupportharnessingthisrecreationaldrawbycreatinginfrastructuretocapturecommercialbusinessaswellasavoidenvironmentalorhealthriskthatinformalusecreatessuchasparkingcrowdingalongruralroads,vandalism,litteringaswellaspublictrespassingonprivatelandandsensitivewetlandareas.Formalizedrecreationdevelopment,whichincludes


linkingrecreationaldestinationswithamulti‐modaltrailsystem,canhavemanypositivebenefitsforruralcommunities.

Recentyearshaveseenanationwidetrendtowardincreaseddevelopmentanduseoftrailsystemstosupportthetransportationandland‐useconnection.Improvingpublichealthislinkeddirectlytoencouragingactivetransportation,whichisofparticularconcerntopopulationswithfewtransportationoptions,suchastheelderly,disabledandtheyoung(Shoupetal,2010).Welldesigned,integratedtransportationinfrastructure,includingtheadoptionofcompletestreetpoliciesandmulti‐modaltrailsystems,canpositivelyimpacttheeconomicandenvironmentalhealthofacommunitybyreducingcostsassociatedwithvehicleuseandhealthcare,promotingtourism,conservingnaturallandscapesandsupportingthecharacteristicsandvaluesofruralliving.Figure8.TumaloStateParkinRelationtoTumaloCentralCore.

Thereareobvioushealthbenefitstohavingaccesstorecreationandtrails.Thisincludesincreasingamountsofdailyphysicalactivitywhichhasbeenproventoimprovehealthoutcomesbyreducingriskforchronicdisease.TheannualRoperStarchReportfoundthat90%ofAmericansconsideroutdoorrecreationasthebestwaytobephysicallyactive.Evenmorefeltthatifpeopleincreasedtheiroutdoorrecreationactivities,theeffectsontheirhealthwouldbebeneficial(ARC,2000).Conversely,opportunitiesforchildrentoplayfreelyinnaturalspacesaredwindling,duetoamultitudeoffactorsthatareinterrelated.Accesstonaturalandunstructuredoutdoorplayisconsideredcriticalforchildhoodemotionalandphysicalhealth(Burdette,2005).TheAmericanAssociationofPediatricssupportsunstructuredplayasacriticalstrategyincombatingchildhoodandadolescentoverweight/obesity(AAPPolicyStatement,JournalPediatrics,2006).Thoughthepopularperceptionofchildhoodactivitiesinruralsettingsmayberomantic,thetruthisthatlimitedaccesstorecreationamenitiesorprograms,


coupledwithanincreaseinscreentimeandtechnologyinsidethehome,andfearofdangerfromstrangers,trafficandnaturalhazardsoutdoorsmaybedrivingmoreruralchildrenandyouthtowardphysicalinactivity.

AwidelypublicizedSt.LouisSchoolofPublicHealthstudythatsurveyed2,500residentsof13ruralcommunitiescitedenvironmentalfactorsasbeinglinkedtoobesity.Barriersperceivedbyresidents,andmostoftenbyobeseresidents,includeddistancefromrecreationalfacilitiesandotherdestinationsaswelltrafficssafetyconcernsrelatedtoalackofsidewalksorwalking/bikingtrailsonmoststreets(Brownsonet.al.,2006).

TheTumalolisteningsessionsfacilitatedbytheHIAWorkgroupsupportthisassessment.Whensurveyedaboutrecreationaluse,amajorityofindividualsindicatedtheywouldaccessrecreationalopportunitiessuchaswalking,hikingorbicyclingmoreiftheinfrastructureforsuchactivitieswasimproved.Lackofformalrecreationaldestinations(parkswithrestrooms,lighting,etc.)andconcernforsafetywerecitedmostfrequentlywhenaskedaboutbarrierstoaccessinggreenspaceorotherrecreationalopportunitiestheareahastooffer.IntheTumaloCommunityListeningsession,oneresidentsuggestedto“buildatrailunderthebridgealongtheriverfromTumaloStateParktotown.”ThissentimentwasechoedbyseveralotherTumalocitizensinattendance.

Moreresearchiscertainlyneededintheareasofnearbyrecreation,trailsystemdevelopmentandhealthoutcomesinbothurbanandruralsettings.Howeverduetothegrowingepidemicofobesity,severalinstitutionsareconductingextensiveliteraturereviewsbringingtolightdecadesofresearchthatsupportsastronglinkdoesexist.

LocalConditionsRelatedToPhysicalActivity:SpecificratesonoverweightandobesityinTumalohavenotbeenestablished,however,extrapolationofDeschutesCountydataindicatethatthesameissuesthatimpactthefrequencyofphysicalactivityamongarearesidentsandvisitorsherearecommonthemesinruralcommunitiesacrossthenation.Thetownisbisectedbyamajoreast/westtransportationcorridorandarterialconnectors.Therearefewsidewalks,bikelanesconnectingdestinationsandnocurrentformalcityparkorparksandrecreationdistrict.Moreover,nearbyrecreationalprogramsofferedtochildren,youthandfamiliesarelimited.Otherlocalconditionsinclude:

• Thenearestpark,TumaloStatePark,isa½mileoutsideoftheTumaloruralboundary(acrossHwy20fromcentralTumalocore).Thismakesitdifficultforresidentstoaccessthisresourcebymeansotherthandriving.

• TherearenodesignatedtrailswithinthecommunityofTumalo;howevertheBendMetroParksandRecreationDistrictdoeshaverecreationalintereststhatextendoutsidethecurrentdistrictboundary,includingareasaroundTumaloStateParkandtheDeschutesRiverbasinthatextendsthroughTumalo(SeeAppendixB).

• Tumalo’ssceneryandruralroadsmakeitapopulardestinationforcyclists,howevermanyoftheseroadslackshoulders,whichincreasesriskofincident.

• TheDeschutesRiverwhichflowsthroughthetownisapopulartouristdestinationforfishing,floatingandotherleisureactivities,however,noformalaccesspointsexisttotieinwithTumalotownservices.

• Thevastmajorityofschoolagedchildrenaredriventoschoolortakethebus.HealthyTumaloCommunityPlan:AHealthImpactAssessment,page15

• 39%ofDeschutesCountyAdultsmeetCDCrecommendationsforphysicalactivity(DHS,BRFSS,2007).

• Since1990,obesityrateshavedoubledforadultsinOregonandtripledforchildren.39.8%ofDeschutesCountyadultsand21.2%ofeighthgradersareoverweight(DHS,OHTS,2007).

• TheleadingcausesofadultdeathinDeschutesCountyarecancer,heartdiseaseandstroke;chronicconditionsresultinglargelyfromindividualbehaviorchoicesandareprimarilyrelatedtothreebehaviors:tobaccouse,physicalinactivityandpoornutrition(OregonHealthPromotion/ChronicDiseasePreventionProgram;AlmanacofChronicDisease,2009).

b.TrafficSafetyTheautomobilehasradicallytransformedtheurbanandrurallandscapeaswellasthewayinwhichAmericanslive.Asurbancoresgrowandsprawloccurs,trafficisincreasedinsurroundingcommunities.Agrowingrelianceontheautomobilehashadobvioushealthconsequences,includingadecreaseinphysicalactivity.Additionallycommunitydesignoverthepastseveraldecadeshasactuallybeenshapedtoaccommodatevehicletravel.Ruralresidentsareparticularlyvulnerabletotrafficrelatedhealthimpacts.Thisstemsinpartseveraldecadesago,whensmalltownsandserviceareasweredesignedtobringtravelersthroughcitycentersforeconomicreasons–longbeforeheavytrucktrafficandautomobilevolumesexistedorwereofconcern.Thisisnotastraightforwardfixinmanycasesbecausemanyruralcommunitiesmaybelimitedbystatetransportationpoliciesthatmandatewhatcanandcannotbedonealongmajortransportationcorridors.ThisaccordingtotheTCPlanguageis“toprotectthefunctionofthehighway.”LocalConditionsRelatedtoTrafficSafety:TrafficsafetyisofgraveconcerntoTumaloresidents.Between2004and2007,24crashesoccurredinoraroundthreeintersectionsofU.S.20inTumalo.FromJan.1,2003,toDec.31,2007thetypesofcrasheswereasfollows.At5thSt/US20,twocrasheswithonealeftturnandtheotheravehiclehittingafixedobject.ForBailey‐7th/US20,11totalcrashesoccurred.Ofthese,fivewerevehiclestryingtocrossthehighway;fourwereleftturns;onewasaU‐turn;andonewasavehiclestrikingafixedobject.AtCook‐O.B.Riley/US20therewere11totalcrashesofwhichsixwereleftturns;fourwerecrossingthehighway;andonewasafixedobject.AccordingtotheOregonDepartmentofTransportation(ODOT),theintersectionatSeventhandBaileyStreetranksamongthetop10percentofthestate’smostdangerous.CommunityMembershaveidentifiedCookAvenueasanadditionaltrafficsafetyhazard.Otherconditionsrelatedtotrafficsafetyinclude:

• AllmajorconnectorsconvergewithHwy.20atorneartheTumalocommercial

district,wheretheTumaloCommunitySchoolislocated,inadditiontootherpublicandcommercialservices.

• Trafficspeed(postedat45mph),andvolume,9700vehiclesdaily,alongHighway20,createsunsafetravelandcrossingsforbothmotorizedandnon‐motorizedusers.


• PopulationgrowthanddestinationtourismassociatedwithnearbyBendandRedmondhasadditionalimpactontrafficconditions.

• InputfromSafeRoutestoSchoolparentsurveysandthecommunitylisteningsessionsindicatethatevenwhenTumaloresidentsliveclosetotheirdestinations,theyoftenfeelthattheyandtheirchildrencannotwalkorbicyclebecauseofthelackofsidewalks,bikelanes,theriskofbeinginjuredbyamotorvehicle,andbecausethecrossingofHighway20isunsafe.

• TumalocommercialcoreislocatedapproximatelyfourblocksnorthandthreeblockseastofHighway20.

DeschutesCountyandODOTarecurrentlyworkingtoaddresstheneedtomaintainsafeandconvenientusesattheintersectionsofU.S.20.Theshort‐termsolutionisaraisedmedianattheintersectionofHighway20andSeventh‐BaileyStreet.AneedsassessmentisalsocurrentlyunderwayasaresultofthisHIAprojecttodevelopaSafeRoutestoSchoolprogram,aimedatimprovinginfrastructuretodecreasetrafficincidentsrelatedtotheTumaloCommunitySchool,aswellas,increasethenumberofchildrenwhowalkandbiketoandfromschool.

Additionalinput,dataandrecommendationsinthisHIAisprovidedinAppendixAtosupportstrategiesthatwilladdresstrafficsafety,contributetotheTumaloarealivability,andcreateadditionalpositivehealthrelatedoutcomes.Anacceleratedhealthimpactassessmentcouldbeutilizedtoevaluatehowproposedshortandlong‐termstrategiesatkeyconflictpointsalongU.S.20mayhaveeitherpositiveornegativehealthimpactsforTumaloarearesidents.Onesentimentfromanattendeeofthelisteningsessionwas“Idonotwanttoseeasolidconcretedividerthatdividesthetown.ThereshouldbeconnectivitybetweenbothsidesofTumalo.”c.RuralLivability

Throughadvisorycouncilmeetings,CountypublicinputmeetingsandourHIAcommunitylisteningsession,theconceptofrurallivabilityhasemergedasakeyfactoratplayinthecontextofcommunityhealth.However,thecommunityappearstobesplitaroundhowtoaddresstheissuelikelyduetooccupation,lengthofresidenceandstageoflife(i.e.age,familystatus,etc.).Manyseniorresidentswespokewithleanonthesideofstatus‐quo,thatis,leavinginfrastructureuntouchedsoastodeterpopulationgrowthalltogether.Otherresidents,especiallythosewithchildren,supportincreasedsocialcohesion,sustainablegrowthstrategiesandinfrastructureimprovementssuchasgrade‐separatedcrossingsofHighway20(e.g.pedestrianoverorunderpass),atrailsystemtoaccommodatemultiplemodes(bicycle,equestrianandpedestrian)andadditionsofcommunityparksandgardens.FromtheTumalolisteningsession,onefathersuggests,“riveraccess,summercamps,riverparkcleanups,communitygardens,farmersmarketandhorseandequineimprovements.”OthersupportedstrategiestoimproveTumalo’slivabilityinclude:

• Leveragingrecreationtourismtoshoreupthelocaleconomy• ImproveconnectivitybetweencommercialdistrictandTumaloStatePark• Includeequestriantravelwhenplanningmulti‐modalpaths,trailsandsidewalks• Expandingthestate‐definedruralboundaryforTumalotocapturemoreresourcesto

improveamenities• CreatingaParksandRecreationDistrict HealthyTumaloCommunityPlan:AHealthImpactAssessment,page17

InaMay17,2010article,GaryToth(ProjectforPublicSpacesandT4AmericaCoalition)exploreshowtransportationandlandusecanbeintegratedtobestserveruralcommunities.Hewrites,“Placemakingisthekeytocreatinggreatcommunities.Designandplanningmustsupportthesocialconnectionsthatareessentialtotheidentityandqualityofcommunitiesofallshapesandsizes.”Thearticlesuggeststhat“transportationisameanstoanend,notanendinandofitself.Theendresultwhichwemuststriveforisalivable,sustainablecommunitythatissupportedbyitstransportationsystem,notdefinedbyit”(Toth,2010).AdditionallymanyresidentswhoattendedtheTumalolisteningsessionechoedthiswoman’sthoughts,“Additionalaccessatleastforbikesandpedsat5thandnorthendofTumaloJunctiontoaccommodatechildrenandpeopleseekingservicesintown.”LocalConditionsRelatedtoRuralLivability:InreviewingpublicinputandhearingcommunitymembersspeakduringtheApril27thlisteningsession,itisclearthatTumaloresidentsareconcernedabouthowsolutionstokeyissues,particularlyHighway20policiesandproposedODOTsolutions,willaffectthecommunity’slong‐termrurallivability.Localconditionsthatimpactthisissueinclude:

• Localbusinessescurrentlystruggletoattractandretainbusiness–manyattributingthistoHighway20accessibility

• ManyconsiderTumaloa“pass‐through”andnotadestination;businessownerssupport“creatinganidentitywithpointsofinterestandutilityforvisitors”

• TherearefewgatheringplacesinTumaloforcommunityeventsandorganizedorcasualrecreation

• Thereisnocommunitycenterandtheschoolisunder‐utilizedforafterschooleventsandprogramsforstudentsandcommunitymembers

• Drivingiscurrentlythemainmodeoftransportationwithintownforresidentsduetotrafficsafetyconcernsandalackofbicycleandpedestrianinfrastructureorpublictransportationsystem

• Localbusinessownershaveshowncommitmenttosupportalocalriverparkandaccesspointwithresourcesforconstructionandmaintenance


Figure9.ODOTShort‐termSolution

VI. CONCLUSION:HEALTHIMPACTSOFTUMALOCOMMUNITYPLANPOLICIESItisimportanttonotethatsincetheinceptionofthisHIA,theTCPhasevolvedtoincludenewlanguagewithintheHIA’sthreekeypolicyareas:Highway20accessibility,multi‐modaltrailsystemdevelopmentandneedfornearbyrecreationalamenitieswithinTumalo.AppendixCcontainsthedraftwebeganworkingwithandtherevisedTCP,post‐HIA.ManyofthecommunityneedsandideasthathavecomeupthroughouttheCountyPlanningandHIAprocesshavebeenincorporatedintotheTCPlanguage.TheCountyhasworkedhardtolistentocommunitymembers’concernsandtousethisinformationtohelpshapethefinalTCP.ThepertinentpolicylanguageinthemostrecentTCPdraftbyHIApolicyfocusareaisreviewedinthefollowingsection.a. SafeAccessibilityofHighway20TheHIAWorkgroupappreciatesthechallengestheCountyandODOThavefacedinbalancingtheneedtoprotect“thefunctionofthehighway”whilecontributingtothelivabilityofTumalo.Theshort‐termsolution,scheduledtobecompletedSummer2010(Figure9),isastepthatwillhelptoreducetheamountoftrafficandpedestrian/bicyclecollisionsalongU.S.Highway20.Inthelong‐term,however,takinganintegratedapproachtoplanningfortransportation,land‐useandothercommunitypolicieswillresultinamorehealthyandlivableTumalo.Thisshort‐termsolutiononitsownmayhelpreducevehicleconflict,butfurtherevaluationisneededtoassessadditionalimpacteitherpositiveornegative.ThecommunityhasindicatedacriticalneedfortrafficcalmingmeasuresalongHighway20inordertoreducetravelspeeds.Fromatransportationperspective,thisisdifficulttoexecuteonahighwaydesignatedasafreightzoneandexpressway.Possible,practicalideastowardpositivechangeincludecollaboratingwithODOTtoimplementshouldertreatmentssuchasstripingandaddingroadsideenvironmentalchanges,plantingsor‘welcome’monuments,toencouragedriverstoslowdown.Tothatend,newlanguageincludedinthemostrecentdraftoftheTCPacknowledgesthat“additionalmeasuressuchastrafficcalming,improvedpedestriancrossingsorreducingthetravelspeedcanbenefitanentirecommunity.”Figure10illustrateshowthesechangestoourbuiltenvironmentcanalsoimpactthehealthandvitalityoftheentirecommunity.


i.WorkgroupRecommendationsfortheTCP:TCPPage&PolicyNumber PolicyStatement WorkgroupRecommendationsPage25,TransportationGoal Provideasafeand

efficientsystemforallmodesoftransportation

Provideasafeandefficientsystemforallmodesoftransportation,includingactivemodes,tosupportlocaleconomicdevelopment,recreationaluses,andcommunityhealth.

Page25,RoadandSidewalk,Policy#2

ExploretheabilitytouseroadwaydesigntokeepthroughtrucksonarterialsandcollectorsinTumalo.

Supporta‘completestreets’policyconsistentwithTableAofDeschutesCountyCode17.48toestablishfutureroadwaydesignguidelinesthatplanforandoperatetheentirerightofwaytoenablesafeaccessforallusers.

Page25,Policy#9 Enhancetheroadsideenvironmentthroughtreeplanting,signageorothermeans.

Supportchangesinroadsideenvironmenttopromoteareductionintrafficspeedthroughtreeplanting,signage,shouldertreatmentsorothermeans.

Page25,Policy#11 RetainandenhanceaccessacrossHighway20usingabovegrade,belowgradeoratgradecrossings

ImprovecrossingconditionsacrossHwy.20byprovidingagradeseparatedcrossingtosupportsafeaccesstorecreationandcommunityservicesforallusers.

TrafficcalmingLocalaccessibility ofbusinessesHighwaytraffic speed

Peopleonthestreet (i.e.pedestrian,bicycle andEquestrianactivity) Driveralertness No.childrenwalking andbikingtoschoolLocalsales

TrafficincidentsPollutants Dailyphysical activity Community monitoringSocialisolation

Obesity ChronicdiseaseMentalhealth problemsPremature death/disability Socialconnectedness andsenseofplace

Figure10.PathwayBetweenImprovingSafetyandAccessibilityofU.S.20andCommunityHealth


b.Multi‐modalTrailSystemandNearbyRecreationTheHIAWorkgroupviewstheselasttwopolicyfocusareasasbeinghighlyinterconnectedinthecontextofcommunityhealthpromotion.Safecommunityconnectivitywillresultincompoundinghealthbenefitsovertimeasopposedtosimplydevelopingstrategiesforeachpolicyareaindependently.TherecentdraftoftheTCP’scommunitypoliciessectionincludesmuchstrongerlanguagearoundsupportingtheestablishmentofamulti‐modaltrailsystemandevenmorepoliciesarebeingproposedthatsupportrecreationaldevelopment.Tomaximizerurallivabilityandcommunityhealth,thekeywillbeensuringanintegratedapproachtoplanningforeachofthethreepolicyareas.Givencurrentconditions,theopportunityisnowtoplanforthisconnectivity.LinkingamenitiessuchasTumaloStatePark,newlocalparks,riveraccesspoints,andthe“downtown”core(includingtheTumaloCommunitySchoolandlocalbusinessesontheeastandwestsideofHighway20),willresultinagreaternumberofpeopleusingactivemodesoftransportation,aswellas,thosethatareabletoaccessamenitiessafelybycar.Thehealtheffectsofthismannerofintegratedplanninginclude:

i.WorkgroupRecommendationsfortheTCP:TCPPage&PolicyArea/No. PolicyStatement WorkgroupRecommendationsPage21,CommunityGoal Protectandenhancethe

ruralsmall‐towncharacteroftheTumaloCommunity,whileencouragingcooperationontheprovisionofservicesandincreasingconnectionswiththesurroundingruralcommunity.

Protectandenhancetheruralsmall‐towncharacteroftheTumaloCommunity,whileencouragingaccessibilityontheprovisionofservices,supportinghealthyactivelifestylesandincreasingsocialconnectionsamongcommunitymembersaswellasthesurroundingruralcommunity.

Pedestrian/bike infrastructureParkandoutdoor recreation amenities

Peopleonthestreet (i.e.pedestrian,bicycle andequestrianactivity) No.childrenwalking andbikingtoschoolTourismLocalgatheringplaces andopportunities

Pollutants Dailyphysical activity Community monitoringSocialisolation Localbusiness vitality

Obesity ChronicdiseaseMentalhealth problemsPrematuredeath Socialconnectedness andsenseofplace

Figure11.PathwayBetweenMulti‐modalTrailSystems,RecreationandCommunityHealth


Page21,OpenSpaceandRecreationPolicies,Policy#8

Publicaccesstotherivershallbepreserved.

Publicaccesstotheriverwillbepreservedandinfrastructureimprovementswillbesupportedincludingformalriveraccesspoints,publicsignage,lighting,sanitaryfacilitiesandimprovedparkingconditions.

Page21,CommunityPolicies AddPolicy SupportschooldistrictinimprovingcommunityuseofTumaloCommunitySchoolfacilitiesforcommunityeducation,recreationandenrichmentprogramsforstudents,parentsandnon‐parentcommunitymembers.

Page21,OpenSpaceandRecreationPolicies

AddPolicy Supportthedevelopmentofatrailsandrecreationmasterplan.

Page21,OpenSpaceandRecreationPolicies

AddPolicy SupportandadvocatefortheexpansionoftheBendMetroParkandRecreationDistricttoincludetheTumaloarea.


APPENDIXA

HEALTHIMPACTSOFKEYPOLICYAREASINTHETUMALOCOMMUNITYPLAN

I.Healthimpactsofsafe,accessiblecrossingofHighway20

GeneralBackgroundontransportationsafetyandpublichealth:TheautomobilehasradicallytransformedthewayinwhichAmericanslive.Asoururbancoresgrew,trafficincreased,therebymakingmorehighwaysnecessary.Ruralcommunitiesarebisectedbylargehighways,andTumaloisaprimeexample.Wearenolongertiedtoworking,goingtoschool,orspendingourleisuretimeclosetowherewelive.Unfortunately,inmanycases,thishasledtoabuiltenvironmentinwhichwenolongerhavetheoptionofworking,learning,orrecreatinginourowncommunities.Stores,schools,recreationalopportunitiesandofficeshavemovedfromtowncenterstomallsandofficeparksthatarecutofffromtherestofthecommunityandsurroundedbyhighwayslackingsidewalksandbicyclelanes.EvenwhenTumaloResidentsliveclosetotheirdestinations,theyoftenfeelthattheyandtheirchildrencannotwalkorbicyclebecauseoftheriskofbeinghitbyamotorvehicle,andthecrossingofthestatehighwayisunfriendlyterritory.Abuiltenvironmentthatrestrictstheeaseandsafetyofincorporatingphysicalactivityintopeoples'dailyroutines,combinedwithcontemporaryeatinghabits,hasproducedanobesityepidemic,affectingevenourchildrenandteens,whichcontributestoheartdisease,diabetes,andotherlife‐threateningconditions.

Publichealthpractitionershavebeguntounderstandthatcreatinganenvironmentthatallowspeopletosafelyintegratephysicalactivityintotheireverydayliveshasbenefitsforweightcontrol,physicalfitness,anddiseaseprevention.Anenvironmentinwhichpeoplecanwalkandbicyclealsohelpsrenewasenseofcommunity.Providingopportunitiesforsafeandconvenientwalkingandbicyclingrequiresthatpublichealthpractitionerslearnhowtoinfluencelanduseandtransportationpolicies.Thisrequirespractitionerstobeabletospeakthelanguageandunderstandtheworldoftransportationplanners,communitydevelopmentagencies,andland‐usecommittees.Italsorequiresthatpublichealthpractitionersfromavarietyofdisciplinesbeabletoarticulatetheircommoninterestsinmodifyingthebuiltenvironment

Linksbetweentransportation,healthandhighways:• Amajorityofthecommutespeoplemakeareshort,lessthan5milesroundtrip,providing

anopportunityforphysicalactivitythatcanbebuiltintotheirdailyroutine.Areductionvehicleusetomaketheseshorttripsalsoreducescarbonmonoxideandotherairpollutants,asthesechemicalsarereleasedatthebeginningofatripwhenavehicle’sengineiscold.

• Gradeseparatedcrossingsortrafficcalming,pedestrianactivatedsignalsandshortercrossingdistancesmakebicycleorpedestriantripsmorepossible.

• Providingpeoplesafeaccesstoparks,publicrecreationfacilities,andlocalbusinessesbyimprovingtheconnectivityofthecommunityreducestheprevalenceofoverweightbypromotingphysicalactivityandhealthylifestyles”(Caitlin,2003).

• Trailsandgreenwaysprovidealternativetransportationoptions,connectingneighborhoodsandbusinessdistrictssothatpeoplecanwalkorcycletoworkandschool,runerrands,visitfriendsandutilizerecreationalareaslikeparksandplaygrounds.

• Trafficengineersstrictlyfollownationalstandardsthatareadoptedintolocalcodes.Ifexistingstreetdesignstandardsreflectoutdatedandauto‐orienteddesign,theycanbeasignificantbarriertoattemptstomakesidewalksandstreetsmorewalkable(Shilling,2005).

• Walkingisconsideredanimportantmeansoftransportation,andpedestriansshouldbeabletousethesystemsafelyandwithoutunreasonabledelay(OregonDepartmentOfTransportationTrafficManual).

• Neighborhooddesignhasagreaterimpactonactivetravelthanonotherformsofneighborhood‐basedexercise(Handy,2004).

• Trafficspeedisrecognizedasthekeydeterminantforpedestrianinjuryriskforchildren(Jacobsen,2000).

Currentconditions:• SidewalkandbikelaneconnectivityislimitedwithinthecommunityofTumalo.• Since1990,obesityrateshavedoubledforadultsinOregonandtripledforchildren.39.8%

ofDeschutesCountyadults(BRFSS2002‐2007data)and21.2%ofeighthgradersareoverweight(OHTS,2007‐2008data).

• NotrafficcalmingmeasuresexistalongHighway20toimproveaccessibilityandsafehighwaycrossingforpedestriansandbicyclists.

• Highway20diagonallybisectsthesouthendofthecommunity,splittingupusersandresources.

• AlthoughtherearewideshouldersandsidewalksalongmuchofCookAve./ClineFallsHwy.andaportionof5thStreet,themajorityoflocalroads(thosethataren’tarterialsorcollectors)donothaveeitherashoulderorasidewalk,creatingaprohibitiveenvironmentinwhichtousealternativemodesoftransportationsuchascyclingorwalking.

• AccordingtoODOT,in2008,theaveragedailytrafficcountnearmilepost14.5inTumalowasapproximately9700vehicles(ODOT,TransportationSystemsMonitoringUnit).

II.HealthImpactsofAccesstoRecreationalAmenitiesGeneralBackgroundonRuralCommunityRecreationandPublicHealth:Agrowingbodyofresearchisdispellingthemyththatpeoplewholiveinruralcommunitiesaremorephysicallyfitthantheirurbancounterparts.

WhileoverweightandobesitynumbershavebeentrendingupwardatanalarmingrateintheUnitedStates,theproblemmaybedisproportionatelysevereinruralareas.TexasA&MUniversityhasconductedresearchthatfindspeoplewholiveinruralcommunitieshaveahigherriskforobesitywhichcanleadtoserioushealthconditionssuchasdiabetes,cancerandcardiovasculardisease.Thisissupportedbynationalsurveydataandsmallerregionalstudies.Ashifthasoccurredinchildhoodoverweightandobesityoverthepast20yearsaswellinvolvingareversalofprevalencefromurbantoruralpopulations(Liuet.al,2007).

AwidelypublicizedSt.LouisSchoolofPublicHealthstudythatsurveyed2,500residentsof13ruralcommunitiescitedenvironmentalfactorsasbeinglinkedtoobesity.Barriersperceivedbyresidents,andmostoftenbyobeseresidents,includeddistancefromrecreationalfacilitiesandotherdestinationsaswelltrafficssafetyconcernsrelatedtoalackofsidewalksorwalking/bikingtrailsonmoststreets(Brownsonet.al.,2006).

AsurveyofTumaloresidentssupportsthisassessment.OnApril27,2010,theHIAcommitteeheldaworldcaféstylelisteningsessionwhereover30arearesidentsattended.Whensurveyedaboutrecreationaluse,amajorityofindividualsindicatedtheywouldaccessrecreationalopportunitiessuchaswalking,hikingorbicyclingmoreiftheinfrastructureforsuchactivitieswasimproved.Lackofformalrecreationaldestinationsandconcernforsafetywerecitedmostfrequentlywhenaskedaboutbarrierstoaccessinggreenspaceorotherrecreationalopportunitiestheareahastooffer.Tumaloisconsideredarural“bedroom”communitytoneighboringBend.Thesameissuesthatimpactthefrequencyofrecreationamongarearesidentsandvisitorsherearecommonthemesinruralcommunitiesacrossthenation.Thetownisbisectedbyamajorhighwayandarterialthoroughfares,whicharenotoriousforhazardousautomobileandbicycleorpedestrianincidents.Therearefewsidewalks,bikelanesconnectingdestinationsandnocurrentformalcityparkorparksandrecreationdistrict.Moreover,programsavailabletochildren,youthandfamiliesarelimited.TheTumaloareadoes,however,haveuniquenaturalresourcesincludingtheDeschutesRiverandTumaloCreek,whicharegrowinginpopularityasrecreationalsitesforresidentsaswellasvisitorstothearea(rafting,fishing,floating,etc).Formalizedrecreationdevelopmentcanhavemanypositivebenefitsforruralcommunitiesbutaccordingtoareportentitled,“Recreation,TourismandRuralWell‐being,”therecanbedownsideswhenrecreationisunplannedorgrowsinpopularitytooquickly.Thiscanleadtocongestedroads,additionalroadsidehazardsandcanstrainthecapacityofpublicservices(Reeder,2005).ManyTumaloresidentsechothisconcernandindicatethatthecommunitywouldsupportharnessingthisrecreationaldrawbycreatinginfrastructuretocapturecommercialbusiness,aswellas,avoidinherentenvironmentaldamagethatinformalusecreates,suchasparkingcrowdingalongruralroads,vandalismandlittering,aswellas,publictrespassingonprivatelandandsensitivewetlandareas.Thereareobvioushealthbenefitstorecreation,suchasanincreaseinphysicalactivitywhichhasbeenproventoimprovehealthoutcomesbyreducingriskforchronicdisease.TheannualRoperStarchReportfoundthat90%ofAmericansconsideroutdoorrecreationthebestwaytobephysicallyactive.Evenmorefeltthatifpeopleincreasedtheiroutdoorrecreationactivities,theeffectsontheirhealthwouldbebeneficial(ARC,2000).Conversely,opportunitiesforchildrentoplayfreelyinnaturalspacesaredwindling,duetoamultitudeoffactorsthatareinterrelated.Accesstonaturalandunstructuredoutdoorplayisconsideredcriticalforchildhoodemotionalandphysicalhealth.Additionally,theAmericanAssociationofPediatricssupportsunstructuredplayasacriticalstrategyincombatingchildhoodandadolescentoverweight/obesity.Thoughthepopularperceptionofchildhoodactivitiesinruralsettingsmayberomantic,thetruthisthatlimitedaccesstorecreationamenitiesorprograms,coupledwithanincreaseinscreentimeandtechnologyinsidethehome,andfearofdangerfromstrangers,

trafficandnaturalhazardsoutdoorsmaybedrivingmoreruralchildrenandyouthtowardphysicalinactivity.Moreresearchiscertainlyneededintheareasofnearbyrecreationandhealthoutcomesinbothurbanandruralsettings.However,duetothegrowingepidemicofobesity,severalinstitutionsareconductingextensiveliteraturereviewsbringingtolightdecadesofresearchthatsupportthefactthatastronglinkdoesexist.Linksbetweenhealthandparks,greenspaceandrecreationalfacilities:• Neighborhooddesignhasagreaterimpactonactivetravelthanonotherformsof

neighborhood‐basedexercise,particularlyifparksand/oropenspaceorotherdestinationsareeasilyaccessiblebyfootorbicycle(Handy,2004).

• Theproximityandaccessibilityofgreenspacesinrelationtoresidentialareasappearstoaffecttheoveralllevelsofphysicalactivity/exercise.Thisistrueofchildrenandyoungpeople,olderpeopleaswellasgenerallyforallagegroups(Bell,2008).

• Greenareascanreducenoisepollutionandthevisualintrusionfromtraffic(Bell,2008).• Teensthatusedrecreationcenterswere75%morelikelytoengageinthehighestcategory

ofmoderatetovigorousphysicalactivity,accordingtoalong‐termstudyofover17,000teenagers.Thiswasanationalstudyprovidingthefirstevidencethatcommunityrecreationfacilitiesareimportantforadolescentactivity(Gordan‐Larson,2000).

• Regularmoderateactivity,suchasbriskwalkingfor30to60minutes,reducestheincidenceofcardiovasculardiseaseaccordingtoaliteraturereviewofarticlesandstudiespublishedbetween1991‐2000(Haennel&Lemire,2002).

• TheriskofTypeIIdiabetesdecreasedprogressivelywithincreasinglevelsofphysicalactivity,asfoundinalongtermstudyof5,159men(Wannamethee,etal.,2000).

• Anationalstudyaroundenvironmentaldeterminants(1,818people)foundapositivecorrelationbetweenenvironmentalinfrastructure(suchastrails,recreationfacilitiesandenjoyablescenery)andphysicalactivity(Brownsonetal.,2001).

• Physicalactivitythroughrecreationappearstoimpactcancerriskaswell.Onestudyshowsthatphysicallyactiveadultshadalowerriskofbreastcancerthanthosewhowerelessphysicallyactive.Consistencyofactivitywasmoreimportantthanintensityinastudywhichfollowed121,701nurses(aged30‐55)from1976‐1992.Thesenursesweresurveyedatdifferentpointsduringthestudyperiodtogatherdataonphysicalactivity,suchastheaveragenumberofhoursperweekspentparticipatinginmoderateorvigorous“recreationalphysicalactivity”(walking,jogging,cycling,swimming,aerobicdance,tennis,etc...)(Rockhill,etal.,1999).

Currentconditions:

• Noparksorformalcommunitygatheringplacesintown.Nearestparkisa½mileoutsideofTumaloboundaryandisonlyaccessiblebycarformostresidents.

• SidewalkandbikelaneconnectivityislimitedwithinthecommunityofTumalo.

• Since1990,obesityrateshavedoubledforadultsinOregonandtripledforchildren.39.8%ofDeschutesCountyadults(BRFSS2002‐2007data)and21.2%ofeighthgradersareoverweight(OHTS,2007‐2008data).

• NomarkedcrosswalksacrossHighway20. • Majorityofroadslackshoulders,discouraginguseofalternativemodesof

transportationoractiverecreation.III.Healthimpactsofamulti‐modaltrailsystemGeneralbackgroundonmulti‐modaltrailsystemsandcommunityhealth:Recentyearshaveseenanationwidetrendtowardincreaseddevelopmentanduseoftrailsystemsforrecreationandtravel.Agrowingbodyofevidenceindicatesthatcertainaspectsofthetransportationinfrastructure,includingtrailsystems,sidewalksandcrosswalksnearschools,bicyclepaths,traffic–calmingmeasures,publictransitandconnectionsbetweenneighborhoodsanddesireddestinations,areassociatedwithhigherlevelsofphysicalactivityandlowerratesofchronicdiseasesrelatedtoobesity.Inaddition,welldesignedtransportationinfrastructure,includingamulti‐modaltrailsystemcanpositivelyimpacttheeconomicandenvironmentalhealthofacommunitybyreducingcostsassociatedwithvehicleuseandhealthcare,promotingtourism,conservingnaturallandscapesandsupportingthecharacteristicsandvaluesofruralliving.Trailsprovideaccessto‘outdoor’classroomsforlearning;teachingrespectandstewardshipoftheenvironment.Trailsenhancepropertyvaluesofcommunitiesbyconnectingthemtoopenspacesandprovidingabufferbetweenthebuiltandnaturalenvironment.Whentrailsareintegratedintocommercialorresidentialareasandparks,theyhelppromotesafeandlivablecommunities.Trailsareauniquefacilitytoserveadiversepopulationthatmayotherwisehavelimitedaccessibilitytodestinationswithintheircommunity.Linksbetweentransportation,healthandtrailsystems:• Parents’perceptionsofthetransportationroutebetweenhomeandschoolareamongthe

keyfactorsdeterminingwhetherchildrenwalkorbiketoschoolandperceivedsafety(orlackof)fromtrafficandcrimehavebeenassociatedwithhigherratesofchildrenwalkingandbicyclingtoschool(BlackC,2001;CollinD,2001).

• Multi‐modaltrailsmayhelpeffortstoreduceroadcongestionandlessenitspollutingeffects.

• Well‐designed,multi‐modalroads,sidewalksandtrailsreducetheriskofinjuriestopedestrians.

• Providingpeopleaccesstosafeparks,publicrecreationfacilities,andwalkingandbikingtrailsmayhelpreducetheprevalenceofoverweightbypromotingphysicalactivityandhealthylifestyles(Caitlin,2003).

• Trailsandgreenwaysprovidealternativetransportationoptions,connectingneighborhoodsandbusinessdistrictssothatpeoplecanwalkorcycletoworkandschool,runerrands,visitfriendsandutilizerecreationalareaslikeparksandplaygrounds.

• Asanamenitythatplaysanimportantroleinincreasingacommunity's"qualityoflife,”trailsarebecomingmoreattractivetobusinessesandtheiremployees(NationalParksService,2005).

• Theabilitytoavoidcongestedstreetsandhighways,andtravelthroughnaturalareasonfootorbynon‐motorizedmeansisalargefactorinacommunity'slivability.

• Trailpreservationanddevelopmenthavepositiveimpactsonenvironmentalhealthandresourceconservation.Thedesignationoftrailcorridorscanbeusedasatoolforpreservingimportantnaturallandscapes.Additionally,thedevelopmentofsafetrailroutesforuseineverydaycommutinganderrandscansignificantlyreduceourconsumptionoffossilfuelsandouremissionofpollutants(CorralesTrailsMasterPlan).

• Neighborhooddesignhasagreaterimpactonactivetravelthanonotherformsofneighborhood‐basedexercise(Handy,2004).

Currentconditions:

• Tumalo’sstatedefinedboundarydoesnotincludetheoutlyingareaswhereinresidentsconsiderthemselvespartofthecommunityandareoftenaffectedbyhappeningsinTumalo.Thesprawlingnatureofthecommunity,alongwithsurroundingtopographicalfeaturessuchastheDeschutesRiver,rimrockandthediagonaleast‐westrouteofHighway20hasseverelylimitedtheabilitytoconnectthecommunityviaanetworkofcontinuousstreetsormulti‐modaltrailsystem.

• TherelativelysmallsizeofTumalo,roughly1squaremile,meansthatalmostanydestinationwithinthecommunitycouldbereachedbyanon‐motorizedcommuteoffivemilesorlessroundtrip.

• TheleadingcausesofadultdeathinDeschutesCountyarecancer,heartdiseaseandstroke;chronicconditionsresultinglargelyfromindividualbehaviorchoicesandareprimarilyrelatedtothreebehaviors:tobaccouse,physicalinactivityandpoornutrition.(OregonHealthPromotion/ChronicDiseasePreventionProgram;AlmanacofChronicDisease,2009).

• Fewsaferoutesforpedestrians,especiallyschoolchildren,todowntowncoreorrecreationalopportunities.SRTSdatafromTumaloCommunitySchoolindicatesthatlessthan1%ofthe400+/‐studentsuseanactivemodeoftransportationtogettoorfromschool.Parentsurveysnotedthatthemainreasonfornotallowingtheirchildrentocommutebywalkingorbikingwasthelackofsafetyintermsofdistance,trafficspeedandvolumealongtheirroutes.

• TherearenodesignatedtrailswithinthecommunityofTumalo.• Since1990,obesityrateshavedoubledforadultsinOregonandtripledforchildren.

39.8%ofDeschutesCountyadultsand21.2%ofeighthgradersareoverweight(OHTS,BRFSS,2007).

• Economicallyfragiledowntownbusinessdistrict.• Majorityofroadslackshoulders,discouraginguseofalternativemodesof

transportation.

Kristen Maze February 11, 2010 Associate Planner Deschutes County 117 NW Lafayette St. Bend, Oregon 97701 SUBJECT: Tumalo Community Plan Kristen, The Bend Park and Recreation District provides parks, trails and recreation programming for residents of the district, which for the most part encompasses the Bend Urban Area. The Tumalo community is located outside of the district boundary by approximately two (2) miles. However, the district does have recreational interests that extend outside the current district boundary. In 2002, the district and the City of Bend collaborated on the development of the Deschutes River Action Plan. This plan identified the desire to complete the Deschutes River Trail through Bend and connect it on both ends to destinations outside the urban area. The northern extent of the trail follows the Deschutes River from the Bend UGB to Tumalo State Park and on to the Tumalo community.

APPENDIXBPlanning and Development

799 SW Columbia Bend, OR 97702

541/706-6100

The 2002 design identified in the “North Reach” above shows the trail exiting north from Tumalo State Park on the east side of the river. Based on our most recent field review and analysis, we believe that it may instead be prudent to cross the trail over the river at the OB Riley bridge on the pedestrian walkway and follow the west side of the river up to the undercrossing (under US20) and on to Riverview St. There appears to be ample overhead clearance and enough room under foot to keep the trail above the high water level. This portion of the corridor is in public ownership and eliminates the need for a new pedestrian bridge downstream of the existing US20 Bridge. The district continues to work with private property owners and Oregon State Parks in an ongoing effort to assemble a continuous publicly-owned corridor for the trail. Fortunately, the portions of the trail corridor closest to the Tumalo Unincorporated Community are already in public ownership.

However, there are multiple “demand” paths rather than a singular trail and they are in an unimproved state and not suitable for users beyond hikers and mountain bikes. The district would support the development of this trail corridor between the Tumalo Community and Tumalo State Park as a hard-surfaced shared-use path that utilizes the current grade-separated crossing underneath the US20 bridge on the west side of the Deschutes River. The Community Plan should reflect this recreation and transportation opportunity that will provide a safe, non-motorized access to Tumalo State Park (with a connection to OB Riley Rd.) as well as potentially enhance the safety for recreational river users that may need a safe take-out location when they run this section of the river.

In addition, there also appears to be a reasonably-sized natural area with old-growth Juniper trees on public land at the SW corner of US20 and the Deschutes River that could possibly be enhanced as a passive park site in conjunction with the trail. We hesitate to believe that this new trail/path connection would replace the need for additional safety crossing improvements at Cook Ave. /US20. Rather, we see this as an additional enhancement that will provide mostly a recreational purpose yet give less experienced or more cautious/vulnerable cyclists, as well as pedestrians, the option to travel along the river versus crossing US20 at-grade. If implemented properly, there should be minimal out-of-direction travel involved versus crossing US20 from Cook Ave. to OB Riley Rd.

If you have any questions regarding my comments, please don’t hesitate to contact me at 388-5435 Ext. 31, 948-4239 or [email protected]

Steve Jorgensen Planning Manager Bend Metro Parks and Recreation District

APPENDIXD

Tumalolooksatitshealth

Residentstodiscusshowlanduseplanningcanpromotehealthylifestyles

ByScottHammers/TheBulletin

Published:April24.20104:00AMPSTIfyougoYourHealthandtheTumaloCommunityPlanWhen:5:30p.m.to7p.m.,TuesdayWhere:TumaloCommunitySchoolcafeteria,19835SecondSt.,Tumalo

ResidentsoftheTumaloareaareinvitedtoameetingTuesdaytodiscusstherelationshipbetweenlanduseplanningandthehealthofthecommunity.

The“HealthImpactAssessment,”aprojectoftheDeschutesCountyHealthDepartment,isfundedbyagrantfromtheOregonDepartmentofHumanServices.SeniorTransportationPlannerPeterRussellsaidthecountychosetofocusonTumalobecausethecommunityisintheprocessofdevelopingtheTumaloCommunityPlan,adocumentthatwilloutlinehowtheareashouldgrowoverthenext20years.

KimCurleyofCommuteOptionssaidshe’sheardcomplaintsforyearsfromTumaloparentsabouthowthetown’slayoutdiscouragesthemfromlettingtheirchildrenwalkorridetheirbikestoTumaloCommunitySchool.WiththeschoolandthecenteroftownlocatedneartheintersectionofTumaloRoad,ClineFallsHighwayandU.S.Highway20,Tumaloisachallengingplacetogetaroundinwithoutacar,Curleysaid.

“Whenyouslapalittletowninthemiddleofabunchofhighways,peoplemightfeelthatinfrastructuredoesn’tsupportthemwalkingandbikingasmuchastheymightliketo,”Curleysaid.

Tuesday’smeetingwillfocusonthreeprimaryissues—thelocationofrecreationalamenitieslikeparks,trailsystemsforpedestriansandbicyclists,andsafetyconsiderationsrelatedtocrossingU.S.Highway20.Curleysaidattendeeswilllikelybeplacedinsmallgroupstodiscusseachofthesubjectareasseparately,andthattheirideaswillbecombinedintoafinalreporttobeforwardedtothecountytransportationandplanningdepartments,theOregonDepartmentofTransportationandotheragenciesthatwillplayaroleinTumalo’sfuturedevelopment.

ThecountytransportationdepartmentalreadyhasplanstoproposeasolutiontotheproblemsbikersandwalkershavecrossingU.S.Highway20.Russellsaidthenextversionofthecounty’sTransportationSystemPlanwillincludeaproposalforapavedpathrunningalongthebankoftheDeschutesRiverfromTumaloStateParkonthewestsideofthehighwaytodowntownTumaloontheeastside.

Russellsaidtheproposaldoesnotincludefundingfortheconstructionofthepath,somethingthatwouldlikelyrequiregrantfundingandthecooperationofmultipleagencies.

ThecountyisalsoconsideringdesignatingsomeoftheruralhighwayssurroundingTumaloasbikeways,Russellsaid,amovethatcouldallowthecountytoqualifyforgrantstobuildwidershouldersthenexttimetheroadsarerepaved.

KateWellsfromTheHeartCenteratSt.CharlesBendisassistingwiththeproject.WellssaidTumaloisoneof10communitiesaroundthestateconductingaHealthImpactAssessmentstudythisyear.Ahandfulofcommunitiesaroundthecountryhavebeendoingthestudiesoverthelastdecade,shesaid,buttheideahasgainedmomentumasthelinkbetweenlanduseplanningandobesityandotherhealthproblemshasbecomemoreapparent.

“Moreandmorewe’refindingthatcommunitydesignhasalottodowithhealth,andpeople’slevelofphysicalactivity,”shesaid.“Itcanbeassimpleasdoyoufeelsafewalkingoutyourfrontdoorandwalkingtothemarket?”

CurleysaidthesheandothersinvolvedinthestudyexpecttowrapuptheirworkandcompletetheirfinalreportbylateMay.ScottHammerscanbereachedat541‐383‐[email protected].

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Jacobsen,P.,Anderson,C.L.,Winn,D.G.,Moffat,J.,Agran,P.F.,&Sarkar,S.(2000).ChildPedestrianInjuriesonResidentialStreets:ImplicationsforTrafficEngineering.ITEJournal,71‐75.JihongLiu,ScD,KevinJ.Bennett,PhDetal(2007)“OverweightandPhysicalInactivityamongRuralChildrenAged10‐17:ANationalandStatePortrait”http://rhr.sph.sc.edu/report/(71)Obesity%20ChartbookUpdated10.15.07‐secured.pdfLester,S.,&Maudsley,M.(2006).“Play,naturally:Areviewofchildren'snaturalplay.”Children'sPlayCouncil.http://www.playday.org.uk/PDF/play‐naturally‐a‐review‐of‐childrens‐natural%20play.pdf(Volume3)Muñoz,S.A.(2009).Childrenintheoutdoors:aliteraturereview.SustainableDevelopmentResearchCentre.http://www.countrysiderecreation.org.uk/Children%20Outdoors.pdf(Volume4).NationalParkService.(1995).EconomicImpactsofProtectingRivers,TrailsandGreenwayCorridors.RiversTrailsandConservationAssistance,NationalParkService.FourthEdition(Revised).NorthAmericanHIAPracticeStandardsWorkingGroup.PracticeStandardsforHealthImpactAssessment,Version1.NorthAmericanHIAPracticeStandardsWorkingGroup,April7,2009.Availableat:http://www.sfphes.org.OregonDepartmentOfTransportationTrafficManual,”Crosswalks:Asafetytoolforeveryone,”pamphlet,http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/HWY/TRAFFIC/OregonDepartmentofTransportation‐TransportationSystemsMonitoringUnithttp://highway.odot.state.or.us/cf/highwayreports/traffic_report_new.cfmOregonHealthPromotion/ChronicDiseasePreventionProgram;AlmanacofChronicDisease,2009OregonHealthyTeensSurvey,2007‐2008schoolyeardata.QuigleyR,denBroederL,FuruP,BondA,CaveB,BosR.HealthImpactAssessmentInternationalBestPracticePrinciples.Fargo,USA:InternationalAssociationofImpactAssessment,2006. Reeder,R.&Brown,D(2005)Recreation,Tourism,andRuralWell‐Being,EconomicResearchService,ERR‐7,USDA.

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