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Abdul Khaliq HabibBahawalpur.
Abdul Khaliq HabibBahawalpur.
04/12/2304/12/23 22
HaemotologyChemical Pathology
Immulite System
HaemotologyChemical Pathology
Immulite System
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SamplingSampling
Three ways of Three ways of SamplingSampling
From VeinFrom Vein From Finger or From Finger or
HeelHeel From ArteryFrom Artery
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Sysmax AnalyzerSysmax Analyzer
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Anti-CoagulantAnti-Coagulant Medicines or Chemicals which are used in Medicines or Chemicals which are used in
a specific ratio to stop the natural process a specific ratio to stop the natural process of clotting the blood are termed as Anti-of clotting the blood are termed as Anti-CoagulantCoagulant
Commonly used medicines or chemicals Commonly used medicines or chemicals areare
i-Ammonium Potassium Oxalatei-Ammonium Potassium Oxalate
ii-Tri sodium Citrateii-Tri sodium Citrate
iii-Hepariniii-Heparin
iv-ACD (Acid Citrate Dextrose)iv-ACD (Acid Citrate Dextrose)
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Principle of Anti-Coagulant Principle of Anti-Coagulant ReactionReaction
EDTA & Sodium Citrate combine with EDTA & Sodium Citrate combine with calcium and due to its absence blood calcium and due to its absence blood does not clot.does not clot.
Heparin Heparin
It makes inactive the activity of It makes inactive the activity of clotting factorclotting factor
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LabelingLabeling
Involve three stepsInvolve three steps
i-Tube Numberingi-Tube Numbering
ii-Register Entryii-Register Entry
iii-Report form Fillingiii-Report form Filling
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Blood CompositionBlood Composition
BloodBlood Plasma Blood Cells Plasma Blood Cells
PlateletsPlatelets
Soluble Proteins Red Blood CellsSoluble Proteins Red Blood Cells
White Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells
Dissolved MineralsDissolved Minerals
Food SubstancesFood Substances
Execratory productsExecratory products
HormonesHormones
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Blood Complete ExaminationBlood Complete Examination
WBCWBC RBCRBC HGBHGB PlateletsPlatelets ESRESR
MCVMCV== PCVPCV//TRBCTRBC
MCHMCH== HGB%HGB%//TRBCTRBC×10×10
MCHCMCHC== HB%HB%//PCVPCV
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WhiteWhite Blood CellsBlood Cells (Leucocytes)(Leucocytes)
White blood cells are White blood cells are irregular in shape & irregular in shape & contain a nucleus. contain a nucleus. These keep the body These keep the body healthy by fighting healthy by fighting against diseases.against diseases.
Total RBC CountsTotal RBC Counts Through WBC ChamberThrough WBC Chamber Through Neubar ChamberThrough Neubar Chamber
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Differential Leucocytes CountsDifferential Leucocytes Counts (DLC)(DLC)
1.1. Polymorph or Polymorph or NeutrophilNeutrophil
2.2. LymphocyteLymphocyte
3.3. MonocyteMonocyte
4.4. EosinophilEosinophil
5.5. BasophilBasophil
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Red Blood CellsRed Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)(Erythrocytes)
These are circular, These are circular, flattened, biconcave flattened, biconcave disc making the centre disc making the centre of cell thinner than its of cell thinner than its edgesedges
Total RBC CountsTotal RBC Counts RBC ChamberRBC Chamber Neubar ChamberNeubar Chamber
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HaemoglobinHaemoglobin
Red Colour ProteinRed Colour Protein Its deficiency is known as AnemiaIts deficiency is known as AnemiaThis pigment enables red blood cells This pigment enables red blood cells
to transport oxygen to all cellsto transport oxygen to all cells
Haemoglobin Haemoglobin Iron released stored in liver
Bile pigment excreted into gut
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PlateletsPlatelets (Thrombocytes)(Thrombocytes)
These are not true cells but fragment These are not true cells but fragment of cytoplasm from certain Bone of cytoplasm from certain Bone Marrow cellsMarrow cells
They play a vital role in clotting of They play a vital role in clotting of BloodBlood
How to Count PlateletsHow to Count Platelets Automatic CounterAutomatic Counter Neubar ChamberNeubar Chamber
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ESRESR
It stands for It stands for Erythrocytes Erythrocytes Sedimentation Sedimentation RateRate
Two Methods of Two Methods of Taking ESRTaking ESR
Westergrens Westergrens MethodMethod
Wintrobe MethodWintrobe Method
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Westergrens MethodWestergrens Method
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Wintrobe MethodWintrobe Method
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Chemical PathologyChemical Pathology
GlucoseGlucose BilirubinBilirubin SGPTSGPT Alkaline PhosphateAlkaline Phosphate LDHLDH UreaUrea CretinineCretinine
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Semi Automatic Bio Chemistry Semi Automatic Bio Chemistry AnalyzerAnalyzer
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GlucoseGlucose
Patients having the symptoms of Patients having the symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus are advised for this Diabetes Mellitus are advised for this test.test.
This test is advised by two waysThis test is advised by two waysOGTTOGTT (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test)(Oral Glucose Tolerance Test)
Blood Glucose Estimation TestBlood Glucose Estimation Test
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OGTT Test ProcedureOGTT Test Procedure
Patient is advised to take normal diet with out any care.Patient is advised to take normal diet with out any care.
Ten hours fasting sample.Ten hours fasting sample.
Now patient should be given Now patient should be given 7575 grams water dissolved grams water dissolved
glucose.glucose.
Now after every one hour sample taken & tested.Now after every one hour sample taken & tested.
Sample taking time & result of glucose is plotted.Sample taking time & result of glucose is plotted.
Normal people have normal glucose result after two Normal people have normal glucose result after two
hours while Diabetes Patients have high level of hours while Diabetes Patients have high level of
GlucoseGlucose
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Blood Glucose EstimationBlood Glucose Estimation
Following are the MethodsFollowing are the Methods
Glucose Oxidase MethodGlucose Oxidase Method
Orthotoludine MethodOrthotoludine Method
Hexokinase MethodHexokinase Method
Ferricyanide MethodFerricyanide Method
Folin wu MethodFolin wu Method
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Glucose Oxidase MethodGlucose Oxidase Method
All the laboratories use this method All the laboratories use this method to measure Glucose. It is modern, to measure Glucose. It is modern, sensitive and error free method.sensitive and error free method.
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Sr. Bilirubin EstimationSr. Bilirubin Estimation
Conjugated Bilirubin rapidly combine Conjugated Bilirubin rapidly combine with Diazotized Sulphanilic Acid & with Diazotized Sulphanilic Acid & convert it into Azobilirubin. convert it into Azobilirubin.
Its colour intensity is measured in the Its colour intensity is measured in the photometer at wave length 530.photometer at wave length 530.
Total Bil= (Total Bil= (Ab of TestAb of Test//Ab of Standard)Ab of Standard) × ×Conc. Conc.
OfOf StandardStandard
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High Values of BilirubinHigh Values of Bilirubin
These are in following casesThese are in following casesMalaria FeverMalaria FeverHepatitisHepatitisGilbert diseaseGilbert diseaseCriglar Najjar SyndromeCriglar Najjar SyndromeLiver CancerLiver CancerHindrance in path of Bile Hindrance in path of Bile
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Alanine TransminaseAlanine Transminase (ALT)(ALT)
As much pyruvic acid is produced in the As much pyruvic acid is produced in the body. Alt also increases.body. Alt also increases.
Following are the casesFollowing are the casesViral HepatitisViral Hepatitis
Toxic Liver NecrosisToxic Liver Necrosis
Circulatory Failure due to Shock & HypoxiaCirculatory Failure due to Shock & Hypoxia
Liver CirrhosisLiver Cirrhosis
Cholesterol jaundiceCholesterol jaundice
Liver congestion secondary to cardiac failureLiver congestion secondary to cardiac failure
Infection mononuclosisInfection mononuclosis
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Sr. Alkaline PhosphateSr. Alkaline Phosphate
It converts 4-Nitrophenyl Phosphate It converts 4-Nitrophenyl Phosphate enzymeenzyme
into 4-Nitro Phenol & its colour is reddishinto 4-Nitro Phenol & its colour is reddish
which is measured at 405 wave length ofwhich is measured at 405 wave length of
photo meter.photo meter.
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UreaUrea
Method to measure Urea from serum.Method to measure Urea from serum.
Urease Berthelot ReactionUrease Berthelot ReactionDiacetyle Monoxime MethodDiacetyle Monoxime MethodUrease Nesslerrization MethodUrease Nesslerrization Method
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Sr. Cretinine EstimationSr. Cretinine Estimation
Jaffe methodJaffe methodSerum is added to Alkaline Picric Acid Serum is added to Alkaline Picric Acid
& its colour intensity is measured at & its colour intensity is measured at wave length of 520 nm.wave length of 520 nm.
Sr. Cretinine= Sr. Cretinine= Ab of TestAb of Test//Ab of StandardAb of Standard ××Conc. OfConc. Of StandardStandard
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Immulite SystemImmulite System
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