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Heart Anatomy <3
Benish IslamCoordinator/ Lecturer Surgical IPMS
MKU
Fibrous and serous pericardium
Surfaces of heart
Surfaces of heartSternocostal surface: formed by rt. Atrium
and rt. Ventricle which are separated by arterioventricular groove.
Rt. Border:rt. Atrium , Lt border: lt atrium and part of lt.auricle. Rt and lt ventricle separated by interventricular groove.Diaphragmatic surface: Formed by rt.and lt.
ventricles. Separated by post. Interventricular groove.
Inf. Surface of rt. Atrium into which inf. Vena cava opens is also involvedBase of heart: post. Surface. Formed by lt.
atrium,4 pulmonary veins opens here.Apex of heart: formed by lt. ventricle,
directed downward forward to left. Lies at level of 5th intercostal space. Its 3.5 inch away from midline. Apex beat palpated in living patient.
Chambers of heart• Rt Atrium• Rt.
Ventricle• Lt. Atrium• Lt Ventricle
Rt. AtriumConsist of main cavitySmall put pouching-
auricleAt junction of rt.
Atrium and rt. Auricle there is vertical groove Sulcus terminalis, which on inside form a ridge, Crista terminalis.
Part of trium in front of ridge is rough or trabeculated by muscle fiber bundles, musculi pectinati.
Openings into rt. AtriumSuperior vena cava: opens into upper part
of rt. Atrium (returns blood to heart from upper half of body)
Inf. Vena cava: opens into lower part of atrium (returns blood to heart from lower part of body)
Coronary sinus: Drains blood from heart wall,opens to rt. Atrium between inf. Vena cava and arterioventricular orifice.
Rt. Arterio ventricular orifice: anteriot to vena cava and guarded by Tricuspid valves
Rt. ventricleWall of rt. Ventricle is much thicker than atrium.Ventricle wall has projecting ridges,trabeculae
carnea which has 3 types:1.Papillary muscles,Chordae tendineae (Fibrous chords)2.Moderarotor band (part of conducting system)3. Prominent ridgesTricuspid valve: guards arterio ventricular orifice,3
cusps formed by endo metrium. Pulmonary valve: pulomnary orifice.At root of pulmonary trunk: dilations called aortic
valve.
Aortic Valve
Lt. AtriumConsist of main cavity and lt. auricleForms grater part of base of posterior
surfaceOpenings: total 4 pulmonary veins,2 from
each lungs.Left atrioventricle is guarded by mitral
valve
Left ventricle:It communicates with lt. atrium through
atrioventricular orifice.And with aorta throug aortic orifice.
Part of ventricle below the aortic orifice called aortic vestibule.
Mitral valves guards atrio ventricular orifice.it has 2 cusps ie. anterior and posterior.
Aortic valve at aiotic orifice.Behind each cusp aortic wall buldges to
form aortic sinuses.Anterior aortic sinus gives origin to
coronary arteryLt. post. Sinus gives origin to lt. coronary
artery.
Conducting system of heartNormal heart rhythm: 70-90 beats per
minuteContraction rhythm starts spontaneously in
conducting system and impulse travels to different regions in heart.
Atria (together) contracts first with a slight delay followd by ventricle contraction.
Conducting system comprises special cardiac muscle present in sinuatrial node,aterioventricular node, atrioventricular bundle.
Purkinje fibers ( specialised muscle fibre from coducting system)