Heart and Lungs

Cardiovascular System (Heart)Delivers essential materials to body cells and

removes waste materials from the cells. Also known as the circulatory system.

Pulmonary System (Lungs)

The system that consists of the organs that provide the body with a continuous supply of oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide.

What does the Circulatory System transport?

1. Hormones: From the glands help to regulate the body’s function

2. Oxygen: From the lungs is combined with nutrients to make energy

3. Nutrients: From the digestive system provides food for the cells

4. Immune Cells: Provide protection from infection and disease

5. Waste: Byproducts of energy making must be removed by liver and kidneys

6. Carbon Dioxide: Waste gas that is removed by the lungs

Parts of the Circulatory System

• Heart: Pumps blood throughout the body

• Arteries: Carry blood away from the heart

• Veins: Carry blood to the heart

• Capillaries: Bring blood to the cells from arteries / exchange gasses, nutrients, and waste / take blood to the veins

The Heart

Aorta

Pulmonary Artery

Pulmonary Vein

Left Atrium

Left Ventricle

Superior Vena Cava

Inferior Vena Cava

Pulmonary Vein

Right Atrium

Right Ventricle

The Heart

The Blood• The blood has 4 main components:

– Plasma: Liquid part of the blood, makes up about 92 % of blood

• Transports blood cells, nutrients, hormones and other materials

– Red Blood Cells: Carry oxygen to the cells and carbon dioxide away

– White Blood Cells: Fight off disease and infection by attacking bacteria and viruses that enter the body

– Platelets: Help the blood clot which seals cuts and prevents blood loss from a wound

Let’s Review!!!

In your notes write a test question (multiple choice, fill in the blank, short answer) based on the information we have learned so far about the circulatory system

Problem Description Treatment / Prevention

Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)

Having a higher than normal blood

pressure (110 / 70) for a long time.

Can lead to heart attack, stroke, and

kidney failure.

Reduce stress / change in diet to reduce salt, fat, and cholesterol /

Medication

Stroke

Lack of blood flow to a part of brain

caused by a clot or blocked blood

vessel. Will cause death of brain cells

if clot stays in place

Same as hypertension

Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)

Lack of blood flow to a part of the heart

caused by a clot or blocked blood

vessel. Will cause death of cardiac muscle and can cause heart to

stop.

Same as hypertension

Arteriosclerosis

A hardening of the artery wall caused

by a diet high in fat and cholesterol

Same as hypertension

Anemia

Lack of red blood cells or red blood cells that do not

carry enough oxygen. Causes low energy levels and

weakness.

Iron supplements

Mononucleosis

Viral infection causing a soar throat, swollen

glands, and extreme fatigue

Bed rest

Leukemia

Cancer of the blood or bone marrow.

The body produces large amounts of abnormal white

blood cells

Medication / Radiation

Hemophilia

The blood does not clot properly resulting in excessive sometimes

unstoppable bleeding.

Transfusion of blood-clotting

factors

Mouth and Nose trap

dirt and clean the air.

Epiglottis: covers trachea when swallowing

Larynx: contains vocal cords

Bronchi: connect trachea to lungs

Throat: has 2 passages, one for food and one for air

Trachea: Wind pipe, takes air to the lungs

Lungs: Exchange blood gasses

Diaphragm: Large muscle that controls breathing

Pulmonary Artery

Alveoli

Capillary

Pulmonary Vein

Bronchiole

Common ColdCaused by a virus: cough, runny nose, fever, aches

Rest and fluids

TuberculosisBacterial lung infection: dry cough and chest pain

Antibiotics

Allergies

Immune response to dust, animals, pollen, or other irritant. Sneezing, itchy

eyes, runny nose

Antihistamines

PneumoniaLung infection: fever, chest pain, difficulty

breathingAntibiotics

Bronchitis Swelling of the bronchi:

cough, fever, chest tightness

Rest

AsthmaSwelling of the bronchi: wheezing, shortness of

breathInhaler to reduce swelling

EmphysemaDestroyed alveoli:

difficulty breathing, often fatal

Oxygen mask to help breathing

Lung CanerDestroyed alveoli: often

caused by smokingSurgery / transplant,

Radiation, Chemotherapy