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HEED: Hybrid Energy Efficient

Distributed Clustering

Shannon Seefeld

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What is HEED

HEED was designed to select different

cluster heads in a field according to the

amount of energy that is distributed inrelation to a neighboring node.

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Goals of HEED

Four primary goals:

prolonging network life-time by distributing

energy consumption terminating the clustering process within a

constant number of iterations/steps

minimizing control overhead producing well-distributed cluster heads

and compact clusters.

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What is Clustering?

We find that clustering plays a dominant

role in delaying the first node death, while

aggregation plays a dominant role indelaying the last node death

In each cluster one node acts as a cluster

head which is in charge of coordinatingwith other cluster heads

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Alternatives

To increase energy efficiency and prolong

network lifetime we can consider intra cluster

communication cost as a secondary clusteringparameter.

Intra clustering communication involves

communicating with other cluster heads

Cost is a function of cluster properties and

whether power levels are permissible for

transmission within a cluster

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Advantages

HEED distribution of energy extends the lifetimeof the nodes within the network thus stabilizingthe neighboring node.

Does not require special node capabilities, such aslocation-awareness

Does not make assumptions about node

distribution Operates correctly even when nodes are not

synchronized.

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Advantages Cont.

Creates well distributed clusters Terminates in constant time Requires only local communication Reduces energy load

Extends network lifetime

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Advantages Cont.

The advantages of HEED are that nodes

only require local (neighborhood)

information to form the clusters

the algorithm terminates in O(1) iterations

the algorithm guarantees that every sensors

is part of just one cluster, and the clusterheads are well-distributed.

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Disadvantages

the random selection of the clusterheads,may cause higher communicationoverhead for: the ordinary member nodes in communicating

with their corresponding cluster head

cluster heads in establishing the communicationamong them, or

between a cluster head and a base station.

the periodic cluster head rotation or electionneeds extra energy to rebuild clusters.

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WSN limitations

Communication Bandwidth is limited and must be shared

among all the nodes in the sensor network Spatial reuse essential Efficient local use of bandwidth needed

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WSN Limitations Cont.

Sensor energy Each sensor node has limited energy supply Nodes may not be rechargeable Eventually nodes may be self-powered Energy consumption in sensing, data processing,

and communication Communication often the most energy-intensive For some sensors, sensing may also be energy-

intensive Must use energy-conserving protocols

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Bibliography

http://www.sigmobile.org/mobicom/2003/p

osters/14-Younis.pdf

http://www.cs.purdue.edu/homes/fahmy/pap

ers/heed.pdf

http://www.ece.rochester.edu/courses/ECE2

45/lectures/Lecture22-23.pdf

http://www.sigmobile.org/mobicom/2003/posters/14-Younis.pdfhttp://www.sigmobile.org/mobicom/2003/posters/14-Younis.pdfhttp://www.cs.purdue.edu/homes/fahmy/papers/heed.pdfhttp://www.cs.purdue.edu/homes/fahmy/papers/heed.pdfhttp://www.cs.purdue.edu/homes/fahmy/papers/heed.pdfhttp://www.cs.purdue.edu/homes/fahmy/papers/heed.pdfhttp://www.sigmobile.org/mobicom/2003/posters/14-Younis.pdfhttp://www.sigmobile.org/mobicom/2003/posters/14-Younis.pdfhttp://www.sigmobile.org/mobicom/2003/posters/14-Younis.pdfhttp://www.sigmobile.org/mobicom/2003/posters/14-Younis.pdf