Heep Yunn SchoolHeep Yunn School

Biological Hydrogen ProductionBiological Hydrogen Production

Experiment

Introduction

IntroductionIntroduction

Problems :Problems : Energy shortage + Global warmingEnergy shortage + Global warming

Cause:Cause: Burning fossil fuelsBurning fossil fuels

Theory

Calculation

Conclusion

Introduction

IntroductionIntroduction

Fossil fuelsFossil fuels

Alternative: HydrogenAlternative: Hydrogen

HYDROGEN

Experiment

Theory

Calculation

Conclusion

Clean!!!

Efficient!!!

Introduction

IntroductionIntroduction

General idea:General idea:

Bacteria + Food Hydrogen

Overflowing - Landfill

Experiment

Theory

Calculation

Conclusion

Aerobic carbon dioxide + water

Anaerobic methane+ hydrogen

Theory

Introduction

Experiment

Calculation

Conclusion

TheoryTheory

TheoryTheory

Bacteria in soilTheory

Introduction

Experiment

Calculation

Conclusion

TheoryTheory

100°CTheory

Introduction

Experiment

Calculation

Conclusion

TheoryTheory

Hydrogen+ methaneTheory

Introduction

Experiment

Calculation

Conclusion

Theory

Experiment

Experimental ProceduresExperimental Procedures

• Food• Treated soil

Gas produced is collected in a measuring cylinder by

water displacement.

Introduction

Calculation

Conclusion

Problems we facedProblems we faced

1.1. How can we determine the molar mass of How can we determine the molar mass of the gas?the gas?

2.2. How can we find out the hydrogen How can we find out the hydrogen composition in the biogas?composition in the biogas?

Theory

Introduction

Conclusion

Experiment

Calculation

Test for the gasTest for the gas

Theory

Introduction

Conclusion

Experiment

Calculation

The gas gives a pop sound with a The gas gives a pop sound with a burning splint.burning splint.

Pop!Pop!

Transference of gas to a balloonTransference of gas to a balloon

Water in

By water displacement, the gas collected is pumped out of the bottle.

Acidic gases absorbed by concentrated

Sodium Hydroxide

Alkaline gases absorbed by concentrated sulphuric acid

Moisture absorbed by solid calcium oxide in the

U-tube

Filtered gas collected in the balloon

Theory

Experiment

Introduction

Calculation

Conclusion

CalculationCalculation

Theory

Introduction

Conclusion

Calculation

Experiment

CalculationCalculation

By Newton’s first By Newton’s first Law:Law:

Theory

Introduction

Conclusion

Calculation

Experiment

UWWR bg

Reading of the balance

Weight of the gas

Weight of the balloon

Up thrust

UWRW bg

By change of subject:By change of subject:

CalculationCalculation

Theory

Introduction

Conclusion

Calculation

Experiment Mass of the gas

1010

10

b

g

WUR

W

W=mgW=mg

CalculationCalculation

Theory

Introduction

Conclusion

Calculation

Experiment

nM = mnM = mNo. of moles of gas

MolarMolarmassmass

MassMassofof

gasgas

1010bWUR

m

CalculationCalculation

Theory

Introduction

Conclusion

Calculation

Experiment

n

WU

n

RM b

1010

Merging the two equations, Merging the two equations,

we get:we get:

Linear relationshipLinear relationship

ResultsResults

Experiment 1: Test for foodExperiment 1: Test for food

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Rice Vegetables Pork Mixture

Vol

ume

of g

aspr

oduc

ed (

mL

)

Types of food

Theory

Experiment

Introduction

Calculation

Conclusion

ResultsResults

Experiment 2: Test for optimal pHExperiment 2: Test for optimal pH

Volume of biogas produced under different pH conditions

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Time (hour)

Vol

ume

of b

ioga

s pr

oduc

ed (

mL

)

pH4

pH7

pH9

Theory

Experiment

Introduction

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Conclusion

ResultsResults Experiment 3: Test for optimal temperatureExperiment 3: Test for optimal temperature

Volume of biogas produced under different temperature

050

100150200250300350400

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Time (hours)

Vol

ume

of b

ioga

spr

oduc

ed (

mL

)

20℃

40℃

70℃

Vol

ume

of b

ioga

s pr

oduc

ed (

mL

)Theory

Experiment

Introduction

Calculation

Conclusion

ConclusionConclusion

The findings of our investigation are…The findings of our investigation are…1.1. Fastest rateFastest rate of food decomposition occurs of food decomposition occurs

at at 40 degree Celcius40 degree Celcius in in acidic conditionacidic condition (pH4). Among different types of food, (pH4). Among different types of food, porkpork works the best.works the best.

2.2. The gas produced in the reaction generally The gas produced in the reaction generally has the molar mass of 13, which indicates has the molar mass of 13, which indicates that that 22-59% of the gas produced is 22-59% of the gas produced is hydrogenhydrogen..

3.3. The The conditionsconditions only only affect the rate of affect the rate of reactionreaction, not the proportion of hydrogen , not the proportion of hydrogen produced.produced.

Theory

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Conclusion

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ConclusionConclusion

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Calculation