Heidegger Recent Thought Language

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Heidegger's Recent Thought on LanguageAuthor(s): Thomas N. MunsonSource: Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Vol. 21, No. 3 (Mar., 1961), pp. 361-372Published by: International Phenomenological SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2105152Accessed: 02-03-2016 18:25 UTC

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DSCUSSON

HEIDEGGERS RECENT THOUGHT ON LANGUAGE

Wittgensteins option for the term "language-game" does not seem to

have been an altogether happy choice. It was meant, he says, "to bring

into prominence the fabt that the speaking of language is part of an

activity, or of a form of life." 1 Now although the analogy .has proved

fruitful by permitting him to talk about rules and different kinds of games,

queens and pawins, still it can suggest that one who is not insane or

otherwise physically handicapped might. arbitrarily refuse to play. And

this suggestion really seems to be quite unthinkable. Granted, of course,

that we can conjure up some counterexamp]es: the hermit who retreats to

the desert and the monk who vows himself to silence. But even these

cases would seem to support myAthesis. For does not the hermit say he

goes "to talk with God," and the monk resort to sign language?

My purpose in this paper is not to walk into the booby trap ot corollaries

which this dogmatically enunciated thesis conceals. Rather than analyze

"animal behavior," "purposive activity," and kindred concepts, I would

like to explore from a different starting point what Wittgenstein calls the

"closest connexion" 2 of "talking and takingg" - the very thing which

has led me to quibble over his use of the term "game." Some attempt has

been mede to clarify this connection in a symposium on Thinking and

Language.3 Gilbert Ryles behavioristic technique is to turn the inside out.

Iris Murdoch and A. C. Lloyd are less radical, and propose (if we may

somewhat arbitrarily unify their efforts) varying levels of thought and

language suggestive of Waismanns title: "Language Strata." 4 In this

paper the different starting point will he Heideggers - one that I do not

claim can be successfully presented in the abbreviated form I have.chosen.

Nonetheless, I entertain the. modest hope that the inadequacy of presen-

tation might not totally obscure those -li nes of agreement which ought to

be underlined. The different viewpoint is a witness to a unity of philoso-

phical concern, notwithstanding disagreement of method

1 Phkio4ophIicca Inveetigation8, Macmillan, New York, 1953 1957, lie

2 Ibid, 217e "Talking whether out loud or silently and thinking are not concepts

of the same knd even though they are n cosest connexon "

3 Proceedings of the Ari8totelian Society, Suppl Vol XXV, 1951, 25-82

4 In Essays on Logic and Language, edited by Antony Flew, First Series, Oxford,

c kw e 1 95 1

361






862PH LOSOPHYANDPHENOMENOLOGCALRE EARCH

A re ce nt y D e ce mbe r1957 F e bru ry 1958H e d e gge rgv e t h re e

c onf ere nc e t F re b urg e nt t e d D We e n d erS p rc h e S t e f n

G eo rg e p o em D W or t n D N eu e Re c h e r v ed p r ng bo r d

f ord e w h c h we re d f f cu t t og r pb e c u e of re gre tt b e f u re t o

b e rt c u t e Th e H e de gge rn me dum f ormdb e e nou gh w t h out

d de d ob t c e N ev er th e e b ec u e w h t h e d w u b t n t y

t he m e t h t wh c h c n b e fo un d n S e n u nd Z e t r e d n t h e g h t o f

t he p re f ce of t h e f f th e d t on of W t M e t phy k ? 1949 w e w

preentn nterprettonofthetenorofh thoughtonthere tonof

t h nk n g n d t k n g w t h o n y p n g re fe re nc e t o p e c t em o f th e

recentconference 5

Th t H e d egg er h ou dmk e u e of G e org e p o em h f rme of ref er

e n ce n o t u rpr n gH w ork re t mp edw t h t h e n f u e nc e of Rk e

H od e rn p op u pn n yn umberof t t e An dwh en h e t t e t h t

D e nk en n dD c ht ungh v e n e e d of e c h o th e rD We e n h e n te n d

f r m o re t h n S n t y n w ho u e d t o y t h t p oe tr y n e n e t r ue r

t h n c e n ce t re ve on e ort of t ru t h comp et e y 6H e d e gg e r

v u z e t he t k o f po et n d p h o op he r e e n t y t he m e th e

commun c t on of n orgn e x pe re nc e 7Th e p oe t t w e re q u e t on

th e w ord n d t en t o t h e w ord H e e e k t o ou t t h rou gh c u t u re

f re gh te dn d t rd t on mode of t h n k ng n d e xp re on w h c h woud

d c t te h q ue t o n n d th e r r e po n e n d th u m p ng e up on h

w rene o fthe n t ur wo rd Hu e r c t the or g n o r

p reob e ct v e w ord of M ere u P ont yTh e ph ooph erorD e n on t he

o th er h n d p e dg ed t o m r e nd e vo r w th S e n H e e e k p re

on to og c und e rt n dn g of B e ng v oront o og c h e n Se n v e rt Andn

wh c h pun ge h m n to t h e t ru ct u re of D e n t e f t oun d ert n d t

p o b t y of d ep o y ng w or d o f e tt n g th n g c o me t o b e L k e t he

p oe t t he p h o o p he r qu e t o n n d t en t o B e ng B ut n e t h er c e

w e mgh t k h ow re w e t ok now t h t t h e n t errog t or re yn o t

q u e t on n g n d h e r n g h m e f ?

L t e rw e h re tu rn to t h d f f c u t yF ort he p re e nt w e h ou dh v e

ome d e of t he d re c t on n w h c h H e de gge r n v e t g t on move We

5An ot e byJme V M cGyn n w h ch pp e red n Ph o ophy n dPhe ome n oog c

R e t r ch X X D ec 1 95 8 2 48 2 5 2 o n t he t t u o f p h o o p hy t e x t n C o og ne

n d F re b u rgw c c oun t fort h e u t hor re fu t op p e r n t h e gu e of n u t he n t c

n t erp re te rA t h ough M cGyn n t t e men t my e e mh rh n dunc e d f ort h e

uthorc nony corrobortetheevdencebyh peron experencen Freburgn

t h p p er w e w r ef er t o S e n un d Ze t S Z n d D W e en d er S pr c h e D

Ween

6Th e Re mof M t e rn Re m of B e n g S c rbne r Ne w York 1942233

7A re dy n SZH e d egg erd rw t t en t on t o th m rt y of f unc t on D e

M t t e u ngd e re x t e n ze n M og c h k e te n d erB e f n d c hk e t d h e t d E rc h e

envonEx tenzk nnegeneZ e derdchtenden#Redewerden 162






HEDEGGER RECENTTHOUGHTONLANGUAGE863

m y c er t n y f n d h k n d of t k b f f n g A nd w he n we t h nk b c k o n

W t tg en t e n c o e t c o nn ex o n o f t k n g n d th n k ng w t h o f

t vgu e ne w e mgh t ve ryw e p re fe rt h E gyp t t o t he d e e rt of th e

on to og c t ruc t ure of D e n D We e n d erS p rc h e d e S p rc h e

d e W e e n H e de gg er r e pe t ed t h o r c e e v er t m e e mp h z n g

t h t he w y n g D o pp e pu nk t n d no t t S o e t u f o o w h m

n t o th e e e nc e of p e e ch t k b out e e nc e orD e n

P e rh p t w n ot b e ou t of p c e t o c rf y t h e g en e r p c t ure by

re pe t n g ome of th e k ey d e b out D e n p re e n te dn SZ n d e e

w he re 1 D e n t he S en t h t d o r n d er W e t d ep c te d b e ng

t he re n t w o e n e F r t d t he p c e of e nc ou nt er c on t t ut n g n

n d e rWe t S e n An d e c on dd n d c t e t h t dme n on of t h e ren e

c e d g ht o r t ru th w h ch B e ng t e f J o n e d to ge th er t he e

t w o p ec t m g h t be e xp re e d n n o ve r m p f e d w y D e n M n

be n g n t h e wo r d t t he B e ng n h m 8 w h c h en b e h m t o

d ep o y w or d B e c u e h e po e e t h e g ht o f n t e g b t y B e ng

h e mk e t h e wordme n n gfu t ob e

Beforeproceedngfurthern ourportry ofD en wemutconfe

t h e n d e q u c y of t h e b ov e f ormu t on F orome t m yb e un ne c e

r y c ryp t c f oro t he r t w b e t oo ob v ouy k e e ton t ore pre e n t

t he b c ph en ome noog c t n c e H owe ve rou rpu rpo e c n n ot b e t o

eucd teeveryfcetofHedegger thought nd n ttempttobemore

p rec e on t h p on t b oun d t o t r u pmore d u t Th e u t mt e e x p

n t o n f or t h t t e o f f f r c n b e f ou nd n t h e c r cu r n t ur e o f

Hedegger thoughtUnfortuntey wehveto brekthecrce ome

w he re n dn t h rt c e w e mk e n op ret e n e of f oow n g t he c rc umf er

e n ce roun d t oour t rt n gp on t Th e n t ere t ed re d e rw f n dn

e x ce e n t b u t d f f c u t e x p o t on byH B ru t n t h e Re vue d e Md t

ph y qu e e t More 9M oreov er ou rf ormu t on mpf e t o d t ort n g

d eg re e by m or e o r e e qu t n g D e n w t h m n W e r e n ot u n w r e

t h t M B r u t h t ed t hr ee r e o n p 3 8 w hy D e n n ot t o be

t r n t ed S r t re d oe b y r e t y e hu m n e B r u t r gu me nt

recevetherconfrmton ntherendtonpropoedbyHedeggerhm ef

t oJe n B e u f re t 6t re e 410H owe v er w e w c ont n u e tou e D e n

n e u of t r n t o n of t h w kw r d F re nc h ex pr e o n

8 U r p r n g c he r d er M en c h t d e E nd c h ke t d e D e n n h m K n t

undd P rob e md e rM et ph yk Mrt n H e d e gg e rK o t e rmn F rn k f urt /M n

1951207

9 E x t e n ce e t V 6rt 6dp r H e d egg er Jn u ry 19513587

1 0 n t h e ce e br t e d Br e f b e r H um n m ue H e t t e w en n c h e n e n em

v e e c h t un mb g c he n Fr n z o c h g e n d rf 6 t re e 1 U nd e b t g e c h d A9 E t

c U nv e rb org en h e t Off e nh e t L d tre e ur H umn me Te xt e e mn d t rdu t

e t p r6e n t 6p rRog erMun e rAub e rP d t on M on t gn e P r 1957 17880Th






864PH LOSOPHYANDPHEBNOMENOLOGCALRESEARCH

But now to return to our bref descr pton of Dasen He degger uses the

"possb tytak"of Husser andKantforwe areexamnngthegrounds

or structures whch enabe Dasen to be "n-der-Wet-Sen" And so to

contnue n ne wth our prevous enumeraton 2 Dasen s ex stenta y

structured by three grounds of possb ty or more smp y "exstentas"

affectv ty "Befnd chket" understandng "Verstehen" and speech

"Rede" Concernngthesethe foow ngpontsarenoteworthy

a He degger ca s these exstenta s w th cear reference to hs dea that

Dasen s ex-sstent what makes somethng stand forth Here then are

the ontoogca roots whence sprngs a word of sgnf catons t s wth

these structures n mnd that Hedegger speaks of Dasen as consttutng

a word SZ 57 as aone havng sense "S nn" SZ 151 and as groundng

anguage "Sprache" SZ 160-161 whch n ts turn becomes the home

o f Be n g H u d e S en D W e en

b He degger has no ntenton of rentroducng tak about facutes

Th e e e x t e nt re t he v e ry Se n of D e n n o t p rop ert e 11

c Thesethreeexstentas areequay fundamentas ncetheyarethe

Sen of Dasen and nt matey connected We mght say that n these

e rm H e de gg er o ff er h e xp c t o n o f S p r d c tu m e t k

ke Us s equvaent to saymg e s one of us" - ony Hedegger woud

w n t to t re t he e co nd v er b 1 2

Once we have dscovered these exstent a structures of Dasen and

noted ther nt mate connecton we wou d seem to have reached the

termn pontofundertndng thet kngthnkngprobem Hedegger

hammers these structures together wth the na s whch ony the German

anguage can provde "De befnd che Verstnd chket des n-der-Wet-

sens sprcht sch a s Rede ams" SZ 161 n the process he has descrbed

varous phenomena- key words-whch pay a part n tak ng and thnkng

But st has he tod us what we want to know? Has he at whatever eve

we may now be s tuated produced anythng more than Wttgenstens

c o e t c onn e x on ?

Before we tacke these quest ons we ought to construct a herarchy

of terms so that we can boast of havng some dea of how Hedegger

de mts the tak ng-thnkng probem13 At the base of the pyramd we

very mpossb ty referred to by Hedegger s what dctates our transaton pocy n

ths paper The reader acquanted wth the Hedegger- terature knows how t verges

on the mpossb e even for Germans to do ustce to every nuance of Hedegger an

expresson Hence the constant threat of devaton sm mentoned n the McGynn

artce A fortor the probem s augmented for the Eng sh commentator especa y

n an artc e whch aspres to brev ty and yet cannot presume upon the readers

t horou ghg on gf m rt yw t h t h e u b e ct

11 SZ 142 "De Befnd chket st e ne der exstenzaen Strukturen n denen sch

d S e nd e # D * h t

12 cuture Language and Peraonaty E Sapr Unv of Cafforna Press 1958 17







h v e t h e b ov e men t one d e x t e nt of w h c h We mgh t y t hou gh

re e q uy orgn t h t Re de t h e t ruc t ure w h c h dmt t h e

p o b t y of p e ec h c on e qu en ce o f V er t eh en w h ch h p pe n t o

e b e f nd c h e V e rt eh e n n o t he rw ord p e ec h p ow e r root ed n

n te g b t y T h t o be u r e n n t er pr et t o n b u t wo u d e e m to f t

t he d t H e d egg erh p re e nt ed

f t h e re d er h ou dw h f u rt he ru t f c t on f ort h e rt on t h e

f o o w ng c on d e r t o n w k et ch n n d m t t ed y u n t f c to ry w y

t he r e o n f or m k n g t d o no t w h t o g o f r th er f e d b y n y z ng

t he e x t e nt n d e t f or w e wo u d f nd o ur e v e o n ce g n c u g ht

u pn t h e c rc u r move men t of H e de gge r t h ou ght A c tu y my

p r m r y co nc er n n o f fe r ng t he e r e o n m u t n eo u y t o f o ut o ur

py rmdof t e rm re dyun d erc on t ruc t on

1 t h ou db e c e r n t h e e n te n ce of S Z 161 c t e d tw op rg r ph

b ove t h t V e rt e d c hk e t e n oy c ert n p rort y ove rB e f nd c h k e t

ndRede

2 ThedefntonofVertehenndc teth twthoutVertehenthere

w o u d be n o en co un te r n d he nc e no D S Z 1 4 7 d D e n

V er t eh en e n D t O f t he f or m d ef n t o n on p 1 4 4

8 t V ert e h en n o t Re d e w h c h e t t h e roo t of t wot e rmp e rt n e nt

t o th e pr ob e m of n gu g e A u e gu ng S Z 1 48 41 58 e e xp

n t o n o r e xp c t o n n d b Aw g e SZ 1 5 8 16 0 e xp re o n

w h ch n H e d eg ge r n y h t hr ee m e n ng h ow n g fo rt h

p re d c to n n d h r n g

Th e t wot e rm w h c h re g roun d edn Re de n me y n gug e

S p rc he n d w ord Wort re ce v e ummry t re t men t n SZ

Norre w e n c n e d to t h n k t h t n yn e w ght w t h row n on t h em by

D We e n To pp e rn c e t he e c on fe ren c e w e re n t e nd e d on y t o

e mph ze t h t on to og c und e rpn n n gof n gu g e wh c h w e h v e

re dy e e n B u t t h eyd op re e nt n pp ro c h w h c h c n b e f oun dn SZ

on e t ow h ch w e h v e n o t y e t c e d t t e nt on We mgh t pu t th e

m t te r c he m t c y f o ow

1 T he d ef n t o n of m n g v e n to u n A r t o t e D e A n m C o v

A oy ov 1 ov h e vo v ed n to n m r t o n e T h t r n t on y

H e de gg er n ot f e b u t t c o nc e t he p r m r y m po rt t h t m n

b e ng S e en de w h ch p e k S Z 1 6 5

2 A n d o t ho ug h L o go h b ot h of t he e f u nc t on e t o n d c t e

b ot h Be n g S e n t he o g o o r r t o f m n S e en de d et er m n t o n

o f h m q u d be n g S e n S Z 1 5 4 n d p e ec h S g e n 1 4 St t he p r m r y

e mp h b e on g t o v er bu m n d n ot t o r t o F o r o g o w or d t he

13 h v e t re d t od o t he me t h ngf orM ere u P ont yn my rt c e on Th e P re

ob e ct v e Re con d e red Th e Rev e w of phy c X June 1959

14A t t en t on w c e dn D 8We 8en t o t h d oub e f un ct on of og 19






366 PHLOSOPHY AND PHENOMENOLOGCAL RESEARCH

approach "Zugang" to being, and therefore is quite naturally taken as

the primary and proper location "Ort" of truth "the revelation of

S e n S Z 1 54

8 Consequently, the word "Wort" is a condition of or a relation to

Being (Verhdltnis zu Sein), and not ust an expression of a reference

B ez ug D W e en

4 This same ontological orientation was pointed to in various ways in

the conferences, and was obviously the insight which Heidegger wished to

communicate What, he asked, is a word? What does it give? Or is it the

given? If a word indicates nothing in any way, is it? And to drive home

this relationship - Is-Word-Being - Heidegger made much of the last line

of Georges poem "There is nothing which lacks a word" "Kein Ding sei

o d Wort g e brc h t

During his second conference (Dec. 18, 1957), Heidegger asked himself

the question which is the major concern of this paper: How do we get

word ("Wort") and thinking ("Denken") together? The answer took the

shape of the customary Heidegger circle On the upward arc we were

concerned with a stark dichotomy two parallel givens, which seemed to

be associated only by a certain neighborliness "Nachbarschaft" Ap-

parently the conunction was only a happy result "Ergebnis" On the

downward arc a unity was sought in Being Only this time Heidegger

terminated the discussion with a word which appears to be assuming greater

importance in his philosophy, "occurrence" or "event" "Ereignis"

It is rendered etymologically as "Er-eignis": "this occurrence, wherein

man and Being are adapted one to the other"15 As far as words are

concerned, we seem to have suffered, rather nonsensically, innumerable

detours ony to return to Wttgensten s "cosest connexon"

So much for an exposition of what Heidegger has to say about the talk-

thinking problem It is q uite obvious that in the last analysis the criteria

of a suitable or satisfying philosophical solution are personal Someone

can point to reasons, construct a "proof," clarify what he means, or in

some other way suggest a different "conceptual scheme" But no one can

force us to accept alien standards. And it is with this in mind that I think

we should declare the pros and cons which might suggest themselves

under the rubric of "conclusions " The author, need it be said, can only

present hs observat ons for what they are - hs own

There are moments when I find this ontological perspective puzzling,

if not unsettling. Are we plunging into the depths of "reality" or illusion?

But putting doubts to one side, I would like to suggest first of all an

abbreviated form of linguistic approach which in certain areas would seem

15 " dieses Eignen, worn Mensch und Sein einander ge-eignet snid" I dentidit

und Di//erenz, Pfiillingen, Neske, 1957, 71. The passage from 'occurence' to 'adaptation,'

and then to the verb suited to, makes translation difficult







t o t n d ope n t oH e de gge r on to og c n y An df w e c n b e t te r

t f y ou re v e w t h c omp eme nt ryp e rp e ct v e w hyn ot d oo ? Th e n

w n d c t e ome f e t u re of H e d egg er d e ve opme n t forw h c h h v e

e e nt h u m f n ot t en t t v e re e rv t on Myh op e n e x p re n g t he m

t h t n o t h ermy b e t mu t ed t o of fe r more t f c t oryn t e rp re

t t on

e t u b e gn w t h t h t t rn g e e n t en c e of t h e e ryp rt of t he Ph o

oph c n v e t g t on 16e An d t h nk w oudh e re me n omet h n g

ke t k t o t e f t v ew w hc h M A n co mb e no te W tt ge n

t e n t e rre ec t edB u t w e h ou d k ou re v e w h t w ou d e d h mt o

u ppo e t h t t h w e re t h e c e D ow e e ve rf ret ov e rth e me n n gof

t h n k ng ? Wh t c rt e r d ow e h v e f ord t n guh n g t h c t v t y

f romd ydre mn g ? f romw oo g t h ern g ? An dwh e n we y m

t h n k ng w e d on t me n t o y d ow e t h t ome k n d of me n t w h e e

re g rn dn g? Ort h t w e re e ngg e dn n n t e rord u t n g orbu d n g

or e ve n g ? t w o u d e e m th t w he n y m t h nk n g b o ut P u

m e ng g ed n o me k n d of m g n n g m g e n g o r r ec n g o r

p n n ng A nd w he n y m t h nk n g b o ut X o me o b ec t no t

p eron myb e ovn g bu t n w ydf f e ren t f romt he c omput n g

f m c h ne W h t t h t d f fe re nc e? t w o u d e e m to e n k n d of

un f yngor c orre t n g orord ern gun k e t h t of t h e mc h n e w h c h

we c und e rt n dn g

t k ew e e e mt ru e th t w h e n we re k ed t op on t t o d e f n te

c r te r on o f t h nk n g w e w y f n d th t w e r e m k n g u e o f wo rd

W e m y p f ro m wo rd t o w or d n t he c e o f e r ch n g fo r t he r g ht

w ord w h c h e e mt ob e w h t w e me n w h e n we c n t yw h t w e me n

B ut w y w he n we w n t t o t e do wn o ur c t v ty w e f b c k o n th e

n c e nt o g o t he v er bu m n d /o r r t o t c on d e r t o n u ch t he e

t h t my h v e n f u e n ce dWt t ge n t e n

B ut o n th e ot he r h n d w h t b o ut p n t er o r c u pt or o r m u c

c ompoe ror dn c e r? Wh ere t he og o h ere ? Nod ou b t t w c e

uc h t h e e w h ch mde Wt t g en t e n c h n g e h mn dn d e t t e f ort h e

coet connexon

H e d egg er n d o th erph e nomen oog t mk e n oc mt ob e ph ooph e r

of ordn ry n gug e t h ou gh th e y of t en d o e x te n v e n gu t c

n y e t o gr p w or d n t o r g n m e n ng T he y e em t o fe e th t

b u red b e ne t h c u t u r ov ert on e or t rt of d e rv t v e u g e e

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n g h t n to W e en A n d m n c n e d to t h nk t h t t he r n y n d

c on eq u en t red e f n t on of t k n g h c on d e rby re d uc ed t h e h rpn e

o f t h e t n g of t he c oun t ere xmp e of t h e p re v ou p rg rph Sh w e

&y t h t t h eyh v e u cc e ed e dn re d uc n g t h n k n g t o t k n g ? Th e

c o e t c o nn ex o n r e m n w h t t b ut w e h v e b e tt er d e o f wh t w e






868PH LOSOPHYANDPHENOMENOLOGCALRESEARCH

me n by c o e t P e rh p t he f oow n g t w op on t c ombn n gummry

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g p r ec on d e r t o n of t k A w e h ve e en n t h e c e o f H e d eg ge r

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phenomenoogy

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m u t o o k to M er e u P o nt y w ho e xp re y m t e w or d to g e t ur e

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p re v e 18

d o no t w n t to u gg e t t h t th e v er b u n f c t o n 1 n n y w y

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re on t ou pp o e t h t w e g e t n y c o e run t y t h n M e re u P on ty

t h ou ght t e nd t ow rd ex p re on 17An ot h erc e of t h n g w h c h

r e d t n g u h b e b u t n e p r b e B e c u e t h nk n g e e m t o b e n

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n ot t h e c t u t h ou ght of H e d egg er n o t Au g e roo t edn V er

te h en ? B u t f u rt h erc on d e rt on c n t ru p re h orn et n e t of

d f f cu t e w h ch n f r n e t h nk w e o ug ht t o do

f w e pu h t h e wo rd e x pr e n d t k b ou t p re n g ou t n t e g b t y

re w e n ot mk n g t h e n t e gb e omet h n g qu te ob e c t ve ? An c t v e

u b e ct v e e e men t t h e p re n gre m n t ob e u re b u t t h e e mph

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HEDEGGERS RECENTTHOUGHTON LANGUAGE369

e g ere t o re dw t h n n d ee d t h t he ph en ome noog c p e rp ec t v e

whchook tthephenomenonwheretheubectobectbrech heed?

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n g ob of romH e ge n d/orH u e r n SZ h b e en n o te d by o t he r

u th or 1 8 t D e n w h ch p p e r t o be t he g ht n d pr o ec t

w or d A n d t ho ug h D e n M t e n n d M td e n t V er t eh en

t he g ro un d o f nt e g b t y D e n e x te nt W e mg ht u r m e

t h t t h n e of H e de gge rw t rc e d byHu e r F oow e d to t h e e nd

t t e rm n t e e t h er n o me k n d of d e m o f g n f c t on o r o nt o

o g c y n S r t r n e n o / p ou r o d c ho to my w h er e th e c o n

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n ot e M n t he g u r d n o f Be n g S e n w h c h t he g ht t he

p r o ec to r t he c e r n d th e c e d

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t he yh v e t h e p rn c p e of n t e gb t y S e n n f c t t he y re ob e c t

b e n g b ec u e o f S e n O n th e ot he r h n d D e n w h c h h b ee n

d ef n ed n ot o n y t he p c e of e nc ou nt er S e n t h t d b ut o

t h t w h c h p ermt t h e d e nc oun te rp re c e y b e c u e t S e n orL gh t

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e n e ou t of C e r S e n c n g to n te g en ce n d C e d S e n

n D e n orV e rt e he n

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n dThomt c Ag en t n t e e c t t h e Kn t n p ror re c onc e rn ed

w t h t he c o e t c onn e x on of e x pre n g t h n k n g n d e x pre e d

b e n g 20An du t H e d egg er un de rt k n g of t he p rob eme vn c e h

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d egg er Re vu e Ph ooph qu e d e L ou vn FNvre r 1958 M 1958

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p o t o n w e r e n c n ed t o q ue t o n h u cc e w he n he t p re fe r t o o pp o e r t h er

thncompementmm nence ndtrn cendenceCfPkbnzonooge 270423

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n t e re t n gw ork n w h c h b e n g e x pre yd e f n ed t h e ob e c t ve of t h e p ure

d e re t ok n ow c f n 8ght A S t udy of H umn U n rde rt n dn gB JF L one rgn

S J L on gm n G re en & C o L td 1 95 7







t o fo o w h e x m p e O n tw o co un t n p r t c u r w e m g ht f ee u t f e d

n nterpo ng demurrer

F rt t k e t f org rn te d t h t n t he p o t S Zw ork w h ere B e n g

p pe r t o be t he g ht H e de gg er v o d m o n m B e n g u n qu e

u b t n ce b y d ef n n g Be n g n t er m o f n t e g b t y T h v e w

c on f rm ed b y M B r u t w ho p r ef er t o tr n t e D e n P re e nc e

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n n ce k no w ed ge f r om c o n t tr e t o be b or n w th t o ex t w t h

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t f y n g h p he no me no o g c n y w h v e t o c rr y u f r t h er

t h n t d o e n to t h p e r t e nt p e ct of t h e prob e mof t rn c e n de nc e

n dmmn e n ce w h c h n t t emp te d e mn t on of t h e u b e ct ob e c t

d c h ot omy e e mun b e t o u ppre 21

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t f c t ory t o t he re d e rof on t o og c b e nt b u t c e rt n t op rov oke

rt he rf ut e d ogue w t h t h e n gu t c ph o ophe r

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Hedegger Whydoyou k?

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n n do ne W h t w n t to y t h t t h ng h n o me n ng f or m e n d

t h ere fore n v e ry c orre ct e n e n o t f orme un e k n ow t

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f ory ou un e y oukn ow t An d t h ere fore n rg orou y og t c f orm you

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menngforyou?

2 1 By n t n g up on t he o pe nn e o f D 8 e n f e tu re o f t b e ng n t h e wo r d

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t he re S Z 6062







e d eg ge r W e f y o t h n k th t w h t m e n h v e t y o u r w y T h er e

n o po n t t te mp t ng d o gu e f y o u n t o n e e n g th n g y o ur w y

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thn n nthropoogy?

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g re t erp rob em t h n Wt t ge n t e n H e c n t k b out t h e n ee d f orc rt e r n d

t he c o e t c onn ex on of t k n g n d t h n k n gB u t w h t d o e h e d on t h e

c e of n m ? D d he no t y t o met me d th t n m d ono tt k

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t h t w hy t he y do n ot t k B ut t he y m p y do n ot t k 2 2

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turn

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t he e e me nt o f h o u t on n m e y t he t r u ct ur e o f D e n f ou nd n

S Z n d ev en h t e t wo rd o n th e u b e ct n D W e en e E r e g n

h v e c rc e y b e en e x p c t e d u f f c e n t y t od p t e c onf u on Y et

h ope t h t p rt f u re t o c h e v e th e n n oun c ed g o h b e en c omp e n

tedforbythedv ntge g nedbyextendngourhorzon norderto

n c u de g en e r ph en ome noog c v e w of t hou gh t n gu g e W t h t h

e x te n on n mn d w e n y zed t h n k n g n d t k n g ph en ome noog t

re de f n e th e e w ord n p o b t y n gug e n dp on te d u p t he v e rb

u n f c t on of t h e e c t v t e n e x p re on n ev t by w e w ere b rou ght

t o th e d ff c u t e o f e xp re o n n o t b y t he n b t y of n y t c ph o

o ph er t o f nd n t m e n ng fu n w er

Thedemnd ofexpot onhve keptmefrommkngexp ctreference

t o t he t h e d ogmt c y e n un c t e d t t h e out e t t h t d e b e rt e

r ef u t o p y n gu g e g me e em u n th nk b e w ou d k e to

c ont n u e tomk e t h t c m e v en t h ou gh tt he re d e rmyh e t t e t o

n od e nt b ec u e h e q ue t o n t h e v d t y of d n g fr om n gu g e

t o p e ec h t o p e k n g t o e xp re o n Y e t w o u d e v e h m w t h th e

f o ow n g c on d e rt on

1 G r n te d th t t k n g n ot t h n k ng n t he e n e t h t t he e r e

d t n c t w or d n d d t n g u h b e c t v t e W ho w n t t o m n t n

t h t t h n k n gd e mn d e x t erorv o c zt on ? Ore v en t k n g t oone e f ?

n f c t t he re e e mt ob e n op rob emof d t n c t on un t w e req u re

c rt er An dwh e n we re k e dbyn ot he rorby oure v e t ogv e

p roof of oure x p re n g t h n k n g w n yt h n gb e d e e x p re on

erve?

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u gge t e d byWt tg e n te n n dn n ume rb e d c p e Wh en t k

u re ymyt h n k ng n ot p roc e g on g on b eh n d t he t k n g E v en

22Ph ooph c n v e8t g t on 812e







f y H e t k n g w t ho ut t h nk n g n ot m y m e n ng t h t H e

t k n g w t h ou t co n d er t o n o f th e c rc um t n c e o r H e t k n g

-wthoutregardngtheconsequences?But fwe nsstthatweareto be

t a ken t era y - He s t a kngwtho ut thnkng whatd owemeanb y

t k n g ? Sh ou d w e no t y t h t h e b b b n g n o t t k n g ?

3 peadgu tytothechargeof"waterngdown"the"ordnary"

m e n n g of t k E xp re n g m y e em t o b e v g ue n d o f t t e re

h e pB u t c n y ou u gg e t n o th e rcrt e ron f ort h e h rd c e ? f p n t er

d o es no t exp re s s thoug ht nhs p a ntng s tno t true t o s a y tha t the

o bs e rv erwho co nt emp a te s thewo rk s o ny o o kng a t t ? fnd t

ardtosupposethatsuchanobserverdoesnothngbesde ook Our

o t h erc ount e re xmp e p re e n t u w t h t he me t u t on Wh t c n ou r

c r t e r o nfo r s t enng to a s y mpho ny - a s o p p os ed t o us t he arng t -

b e ? Orf or pp re c t n g dn c e? orun d ert n dn g g e t u re ? m

n c n ed t o th n k th t o u r n y o f e xp re o n n ot o n y h n d e t he e

c a se s b ut a s o throws s ome g hto nN a tur e t a ks t ome a nd A cto ns

p e k ou de rt h n w ord

THOMASN MUNSONS J

WESTBADENCOLLEGE

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