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Given that developing EU military capabilities is understood to be a process of comprehen-sively and systematically translating politico-military requirements into available military capabilities, the Helsinki Headline Goal and the Headline Goal 2010, with the intervening time period, can be viewed as a three-stage process. The first stage involved defining the role and responsibilities of the EU as an internatio-nal player, whilst also defining the ways and means in which Europe would implement and protect the security interests defined in the security strategy. In the second stage, these specifications were used to define relevant military capabilities that were to be provided or developed. In 2008, the Capability Development Plan (CDP) was adopted for the first time and given to the Defence Agency. In the third stage, the EDA, in turn, used its specialist directorates to prioritise the actions to close the identified capability gaps, and also to manage the corresponding implemen-tation of those actions within the scope of research and development projects, defence and procurement programmes, and also within the scope of its activities to strengthen the industrial and technological base in the European defence industry. The transition from CDP to implementation within the scope of national and European programmes clearly demonstrates that the CDP must take a much longer-term view than either the Helsinki Headline Goal or the Head-line Goal 2010 ever did. If one considers the lengthy development periods that are well-known to be common-place in complex multi-national develop-ment and procurement projects, the need is

even clearer. Future risks and technolo-gical develop-ments may bring entirely new challen-ges, but they may also facilitate new ans-wers. The CDP is to press ahead with the Headline Goal military capability requirements until 2025, highlighting trends in technology and capacity along the way, in order to serve as a basis for national decision-making. Through this process, the CDP is creating the condi-tions where collaboration in equipment pro-grammes and R&D projects can be initiated at an early stage. Taking a long-term view should also streng-then the defence industry in Europe. Because the transparency of the military capability re-quirements will also help define which indust-rial capabilities need preserving or developing in the long-term. At best, the CDP will be able to give industry more planning stability for its own investment decisions, because the CDP draws upon an inventory of Member States‘ existing plans and programmes, and will there- fore identify systematic opportunities for cooperation in national planning. In reality, this has not yet proven true. This is often because individual Member States go it alone to secure the remaining capacity of their national defence industries, which partly works against the intentions of the Headline Goal process. Thomas Bauer

This is a summary of the article published in the February issue of European Security & Defence.

Helsinki Headline Goals Revisited

CONTENT

• Helsinki Headline Goals

• Defence

• Technology

• Industry

MASTHEAD

ESD SpotlightEmail newsletter of the bimonthly magazine “European Security & Defence” (ESD)

Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Peter BossdorfDeputy Editor-in-Chief: Henning BartelsManaging Editors: Dorothee Frank (newslet-ter) and Stephen Barnard (magazine)Editors: Thomas Bauer, Wilhelm Bocklet (wb), Gerhard Heiming (gwh), Yury Laski (yl)

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Published byMittler Report Verlag GmbHA company of Tamm Media Group

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2ISSUE 4 / 2015

Defence

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EDA signs cooperation arrangement with Athena

(wb) This arrangement builds upon a suc-cessful pilot case conducted in 2014 in which the European Defence Agency (EDA) supported the acquisition of air to ground surveillance and reconnaissance services for Operation EUFOR Althea. Procurement

of contracted solutions has become increa-singly important for EU military operations, not only to fill capability gaps in the force generation process, but also as a general planned support for ongoing operations. This broader arrangement opens the op-tion for the Athena Administrator or any operation/mission commanders as contrac-

ting authorities to call upon EDA to provide, according to its expertise and the available means and capabilities, technical and over-all administrative support for procurement of infrastructure works, as well as a varie-ty of services and supplies, through direct contracts or pre-mission solutions.www.eda-europa.eu

EDA’s annual report 2014

(wb) The European Defence Agency (EDA) has released its 2014 annual report. The document highlights the agency’s achiev-ements during the past year and showca-ses the progress made on key programmes and projects. Working on the taskings set by the December 2013 European Council,

where heads of state and government addressed defence issues, EDA has made significant progress on the four key capabi-lity programmes identi-fied by member states. It also developed innovative

proposals to incentivise and promote cooperation, while maintaining its ef-forts in multiple domains such as training and exerci-ses, standardization and re-search & technology.www.eda-europa.eu

* Cat A & B projects under direct EDA financial management

BUDGET

€ 30.53M

18 NEWPROJECTSFOR A TOTAL VALUE OF

€ 69M

70 AIRCRAFT 200 AIRCREW

TOOK PART IN EDA-ORGANISED

LIVE-FLYING EVENTS

126STAFF

AS OF 31/12/2014

THE AGENCY HAS BEEN MANAGING A

PROJECT PORTFOLIO WORTH

€ 87.4M*

MORE THAN

400 HIGH-LEVEL PARTICIPANTSATTENDED THE

ANNUAL CONFERENCE

3 NEW COUNTRIESJOINED

THE EU SATCOM MARKET PROCUREMENT CELL

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Joint Strike Missile for the F-35

(df) The Australian Department of Defence and the Norwegian Ministry of Defence announced that they will cooperate on the further development of the Joint Strike Missile (JSM) developed by Kongsberg for the F-35. The JSM is the only long-range sea and land-target missile that can be carried internally in the F-35 and thus ensuring the

aircraft‘s low-signature (stealth) capabili-ties as shown in the photo.The JSM development was initiated in 2008 and will be a continuous activity up until the completion of the first missile in 2017. The missile is currently in Phase lll of its development which includes aircraft tests, production of test missiles and integration with the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter.

www.kongsberg.com

Investment for F-35 Lightning II

(df) The British Ministry of Defence is investing over €400 million in the infra-structure of the future base of the F-35 Lightning II, the strike fighters of the new

aircraft carriers. Work will begin at RAF Marham in Norfolk to provide the for ope-rations necessary infrastructure and faci-lities. Next year the “Dambusters”, the first squa-

dron with the F-35 Lightning II, will be for-med. After training in the US the fighters and their crews will move as planned to their base in Norfolk in 2018.www.royalnavy.mod.uk

India sets conditions for defence procurements

(df) The French company Dassault Aviation is facing the same conditions set by India for the sale of their Rafale fighter jets that OTO Melara had to accept for their Vul-cano missiles about a month ago. India de-mands the majority of the fighters be built in India under licence, but the French com-

pany will be held responsible for the in- time delivery just as the quality of the pro-duct without any chance to either choose the licence-building plant nor have any in-fluence upon the Indian company.OTO Melara accepted these conditions, Dassault Aviation is still in talks. The deal is about 126 Rafale for about €18 billion. The volume of offset requirements alrea-

dy met by Dassault Aviation has not been disclosed.

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3ISSUE 4 / 2015

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Satcom for the French Army

(df) The French defence procurement agency (DGA) has awarded Thales a con-tract to supply a further 20 ground termi-nals as part of the Syracuse III satellite pro-gramme. Installed on VAB light armoured vehicles, these satcom terminals will ope-rate as fully-functional network nodes for France‘s on-the-move satellite communi-cations capability. The 20 terminals will be delivered from early 2016 to mid-2017.These VENUS (Véhicules de command- Ement Nomades commUniquant par Sa-

tellite = nomadic command vehicles com-municating via satellite) terminals equip-ped with satcom on-the-move (Satcom OTM) systems from Thales enable com-

manders to stay in touch while on the move in the theatre. The command vehi-cles communicate via the Syracuse system, which connects them directly to other de-ployed assets. With Satcom OTM techno-logy vehicles fitted with satellite antennas can establish and maintain a satellite link whether they are moving or stationary. The Satcom OTM solution from Thales has stan-dard interfaces to connect other tactical communication equipment for higher data rates and overall availability.www.thalesgroup.com

First serial CV90 IFV delivered(df) BAE Systems has handed over the first CV90 Infantry Fighting Vehicle (IFV) in se-rial production to the Norwegian Defence Logistics Organisation on time and on bud-get. The contract, signed in 2012, includes the upgrade of the Norwegian Army’s existing fleet of 103 CV9030s and 41 new-build vehicles, giving the Army a total of 144 state-of-the-art CV90s in varying configura-tions. They will all include enhanced capa-

bilities for future battlefield and conflict scenarios, such as in the areas of protec-tion, survivability, situational awareness, intelligence, and interoperability.This programme is a key element of the modernisation of the Norwegian Army, providing them with the next-generation CV90. The Norwegian Army will incorpora-te five different configurations of the CV90 from 2015 onwards: 74 infantry fighting, 21 reconnaissance, 15 command, 16 enginee-ring, and 16 multi-role and tow driver trai-

ning vehicles. The multi-role vehicles can fulfil different functions, including mortar carrier and logistics roles.www.baesystems.com

Technology

Boxer with Puma turret

(df) The German company Krauss-Maffei Wegmann (KMW) has a new version of the GTK Boxer in its portfolio: A wheeled armoured personnel carrier variant with a Puma turret. The unmanned turret with its sighting system and 30mm automatic cannon alongside the high mobility of the Boxer chassis make this Boxer a po-werful wheeled armoured personnel car-rier. Especially the high protection level

against heavy blast mines and machine guns is the basis of this vehicle variant‘s good survivability and sustainability when deployed.The Boxer‘s modular design concept al-lows for a variety of mission-specific variants. Numerous modules such as ambulance, training and command post variants have already been introduced into the German and Dutch armed forces. The recently presented artillery variant

extends the broad capability spectrum of this system.www.kmweg.com

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Tactical headgear system THOR

(df) Savox Communications has launched its tactical headgear system for changing ope-rational requirements named THOR. The system has been designed and developed,

to meet the headgear requirement for all branches of the Finnish defence forces un-der its “Future Warrior 2020” programme.THOR is a complete, fully integrated system consisting of ballistic protection, communi-

cation, night vision equipment, hearing protection and powered accessory rails. Its modular construct can be configured to meet the needs of different scenarios.www.savox.com

4ISSUE 4 / 2015

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ms)Blighter Guardian selected

(df) The British radar and sensor solution provider Blighter Surveillance Systems has been selected to supply its Blighter B400 Series e-scan radars to secure the perime-ter of a strategic air base in the Middle East.The Blighter passive electronically scanned array (PESA) radars will form part of an in-tegrated perimeter security system. This

will include a long-range illuminated ca-mera system for day and night operation. Blighter will also supply its BlighterTrack multi hypothesis software-based radar tar-get tracker and its BlighterView HMI 2 con-trol system to display the radars and to cue the camera systems. This configuration is known as Blighter Guardian. A sensor node from Unlimited Technology

will integrate the complete sensor suite and control electronics into a comprehensive “plug and play” package for ease of installation by the local integrator.www.blighter.com

Eurofighter Phase 3 Capability Enhancement

(df) Eurofighter has released details of the new capability contract delivering a suite of new enhancements to the Eurofighter Typhoon. This four nation contract be- tween the UK, Italy, Germany and Spain will form the basis for the next major Euro-fighter enhancement, the Phase 4 Capabi-lity Enhancement contract, which is now in its definition phase.

As well as introducing a number of upgrades to the Eurofighter’s mis-sion and maintenance systems, the actual con-tract, known as Phase 3 Capability Enhancement, will equip the Eurofighter Typhoon to de-ploy multiple precision-guided air-to-sur-face weapons at fast-moving targets with low-collateral damage. It is scheduled for delivery in 2017. All four core nations will work on flight control and avionics, and the contract will centre round a scheduled programme of weapon testing, the development and tes-ting of flight control systems, and finally store clearing and store release testing. The initial fit for the Brimstone 2 missiles

on the Eurofighter will see two launchers fitted to the outboard pylons of the Euro-fighter each carrying three Brimstone 2 missiles. The multi-role weapons complement on the Eurofighter could now include a mix of: six Brimstone 2 missiles; up to six Paveway IV bombs, two long-range Storm Shadow missiles, four Meteor beyond visual range air-to-air missiles and either two IRIS-T or two ASRAAM heat-seeking missiles.www.eurofighter.com

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Netherlands head for Predator

(df) The U.S. State Department has made a determination approving the sale of MQ-9 Reapers and associated equipment, parts and logistical support for an estimated cost of €303 million to The Netherlands. The sale includes, among others, four MQ-9 Block 5 Reaper remotely piloted aircraft (RPA), four mobile ground control stations Block 30 (option Block 50), two SATCOM earth terminal sub-system, eight KY-1006 common crypto modules and

eight Ku-band link-airborne communica- tions systems.Also provided are an Initial Spares Package (ISP) and Readiness Spares Package (RSP) to support 3,400 flight hours for a three year period, support and test equipment, publications and technical documentation and other related elements of logistical and programme support.When this sale goes through, The Nether-lands will become the fourth European operator of the Predator/Reaper family

of MALE RPAs, after the UK, Italy and France.www.dsca.milwww.ga-asi.com

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Thailand buys six EC145 T2

(df) The Royal Thai Army signed a contract for six EC145 T2s with a VIP installation, un-der the Light Utility Helicopter Type II requi-

rement, with deliveries scheduled to begin in 2016. The EC145 T2 features a modern digital cockpit and a 4-axis autopilot. With a maximum take-off weight of 3.65 tons, the

helicopter is powered by a Turbomeca Arriel 2E powerplants equipped with dual-channel full authority digital engine controls (FADEC).www.airbus.com

5ISSUE 4 / 2015

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German-Turkish cooperation on IDAS

(gwh) The German armaments director has offered the Turkish Ministry of Defence co-operation concerning the development of warheads after the qualification of IDAS. In 2013 Roketsan (Turkey) offered partici-pation at the development of warheads via a Memorandum of Understanding. The Interactive Defence and Attack System for Submarines (IDAS) was developed by

Diehl Defence (Germany) in cooperation with HDW (Germany) and Kongsberg (Nor-way). IDAS is a guided missile, launched from submerged submarines and effectice against targets like helicopters.IDAS could be integrated in the Turkey‘s Type 214 submarines ordered in 2009. The submarines are to be built by HDW and Ma-rine Force International and will have an air-independent propulsion. Start of subma-rine construction is expected in 2016 after a

five year delay, they could become opera-tional with the Turkish Navy from 2020.www.diehl.com/en/diehl-defence.html

New leightweight torpedo for Sweden

(df) Saab has received orders from the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (FMV) for continued development of the New Lightweight Torpedo plus mainten-ance agreements for underwater weapon systems and the Hydra sonar system. The total order value amounts to approxima-tely €19 million. The orders come under

the terms of the Letter of Intent between Saab and FMV that was announced on 9 June 2014 and which will support the Swedish Armed Forces’ underwater capa-

bilities for the period from 2015 to 2024. “Based on the proven Torpedo 45 with its outstanding shallow-water anti-submarine warfare capability, the New Lightweight Torpedo will deliver significant perfor-mance improvements to deal with evol-ving threats in international scenarios,” says Görgen Johansson, head of Saab‘s bu-siness area Dynamics.www.saabgroup.com

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Exocet MM40 Block 3

(df) At IDEX MBDA presented the latest addition to the Exocet family. With sales well over 3,500 missiles around the world, Exocet has made its name in the anti-ship domain. The Exocet MM40 Block 3 has a signifi-cantly extended range thanks to its tur-bojet propulsion and, with its GPS navi-gation, is also able to strike coastal land

target sdesignated by their geographical coordinates.

The new MM40 Block 3 is compatible with the existing MM40 launchers, so no new launchers have to be acquired. The new Exocet has already been procured by several navies including the French Navy and the Qatar Emiri Navy for its four Barzan (VITA) class patrol boats. Other na-vies have already shown interest in this anti-ship missile.www.mbda-systems.com

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New frigates for the Royal Navy

(df) At the end of February the British Prime Minister announced a major boost to the UK’s shipbuilding industry as the Ministry of Defence signed a contract with BAE Sys-tems worth €1.2 billion for the future Type 26 complex warship, the next generation Royal Navy frigates. The Type 26 Global Combat Ship (T26 GCS) is planned to enter service in the Royal Navy after 2020.The Type 26 demonstration contract builds on the initial assessment phase and takes effect from 1 April 2015, marking the next

significant stage of the programme to support progression towards the manufac-turing phase, which is expected to begin in Glasgow in 2016. It will involve approxima-

tely 30 companies in the maritime supply chain and will enable the investment in essential long-lead items, including equip-ment such as gas turbines, diesel genera-tors and steering gear for the first three ships, as well as the creation of shore- based testing facilities.The programme envisages the delivery of 13 Type 26 ships to the Royal Navy. The first vessel is due to enter service in the early 2020s and the Type 26 class is expected to remain in service until 2060.www.baesystems.com

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6ISSUE 4 / 2015

Industry

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Alcoa completes acquisition of TITAL

(wb) Lightweight, high-performance metals producer Alcoa announced on 03 March that it has completed the acquisition of privately

held German company TITAL. Alcoa closed the transaction, which was announced in December 2014, after receiving all of the re-quired global regulatory approvals. TITAL is one of the leading manufacturers of titanium and aluminium structural cas-tings for aircraft engines and airframes. This acquisition strengthens Alcoa’s ability regarding advanced aircraft engine compo-nents, in particular those made of titanium. TITAL establishes titanium casting capabili-ties in Europe for Alcoa, and expands the company’s aluminium casting capacity. Ad-ditionally, TITAL’s strong connections to Eu-ropean engine and aircraft manufacturers

such as Airbus, SNECMA, and Rolls-Royce, will enhance Alcoa’s customer relation- ships in the region and beyond.With TITAL, Alcoa is well positioned to ca-pitalize on strong demand growth in the commercial aerospace sector. Alcoa sees a current 8-year production order book at 2014 delivery rates. Almost 70 percent of TITAL’s revenues are expected to come from commercial aerospace sales in 2019. In 2014, TITAL generated revenues of approximately €77 million (approximately US$100 million), more than half of which came from titanium products. www.alcoa.com

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Cooperation for DVE sensors

(df) Lockheed Martin and H. N. Burns En-gineering Corp. have agreed to collaborate on technology that enhances military he-licopter pilots’ ability to fly in low visibili-ty conditions caused by weather, dust or other obstructions. Known as degraded visual environments (DVE), blinding condi-tions are a primary cause of major helicop-ter accidents.By combining H. N. Burns’ high-resolution imaging laser radar with Lockheed Mar-

tin’s experience in pilotage and sensor systems, the team will work toward de-veloping affordable solutions that improve pilots’ spatial orientation and situational awareness.“Overcoming DVE challenges requires a strategy that blends multiple techno-logies,” said Terry Hoehn, Fire Control Advanced Programs Director at Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control. “With H. N. Burns Engineering Corp., we are pursuing new DVE solutions to help pilots

safely sense their relationship to surroun-ding terrain and buildings.”www.lockheedmartin.comwww.hnbec.com

Raytheon and Boeing team for Saudi-Arabian C5I system

(df) Raytheon Company has announced that Boeing will join hands to offer a compre-hensive C5I (Command, Control, Communi-cations, Computers, Cyber and Intelligence) solution for the modernisation of the Royal Saudi Air Force (RSAF) command and con-trol system. Raytheon and Boeing bring ex-tensive expertise in command and control and large system integration for domestic and international customers.

Raytheon would provide a specific, tailored C5I systems approach based on its Com-mand View Mission Solutions suite of in-tegrated and interoperable command and control capabilities. As the provider of the current RSAF command and control system, including the recent RSAF Air Operations Centre, as well as the KSA MOD C4I System, Al Diriyah, Raytheon is uniquely positioned to provide the most comprehensive C5I solution to the Kingdom. Raytheon Com-mand View Mission Solutions, fielded and

operational in locations around the world, extend mission effectiveness from strategic operations centres to the tactical edge of the operational environment.The programme pursuit will be led by Thales-RaytheonSystems, a joint venture between Raytheon and Thales, and Raytheon Atheeb Systems Limited (RASL), the Raytheon and Atheeb Group joint venture in Saudi Arabia. www.raytheon.comwww.boeing.comwww.thalesraytheon.com

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