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Helsinki Region Transport
35th General meeting European Metropolitan Transport Authorities
Oslo, 20-22 May 2015
Suvi Rihtniemi
Paving the way for electric buses:The innovative HSL approach
HSL’s strategy
• HSL’s strategy for 2025 emphasizes:
Smooth journeys
User-friendly services
Increasing the share of public transport
Emission reductions
• In the case of buses, HSL strives for a 90 % reduction in carbon dioxide and harmful local (namely NOx and PM) emissions by 2025 (reference year 2010)
A combination of electric buses and high quality sustainable biofuels
will be needed
HSL’s – fleet strategy 2025
Estimated effect on emissions by 2025 (compared to 2010): reduction of NOx (-92%), PM (-95%), CO2 (-90%)• For conventional buses, biofuels are phased in and constitute 100% from 2020 onwards
Characteristics of diesel buses
• Very autonomous and flexible
Range typically more than 1000 km
• No special infrastructure requirements
• Transferable
• Simple in tendering and operation
Characteristics of electric buses
• A systemic issue rather than a vehicle technology issue
• Limited range and not suitable for all services
• Require a special infrastructure
Charging systems are not yet standardized (cable, pantograph, inductive…)
Charging has to be taken into account in building terminals
Who will be responsible for the infrastructure?
• Not necessarily transferable
• A big challenge both for operators and those responsible for public transport procurement
Why are electric buses attractive?
• City buses are the ideal case for e-mobility:
Fixed route length
Fixed schedule
• High utilisation rate
Low energy cost
Possibility for profitability
• No local emissions
• Quiet
• High passenger comfort
• Multimodality potential (rail, tram)
Metropolitan Helsinki eBus and eBusSystem projects
eBus project
• eBus performance: field study and laboratory research• Electric bus test line 11 Tapiola-Friisilänaukio• Simulating feeder service• Four commercial eBuses in operation• Vehicle technology analysis
o Full-size VTT-owned electric bus prototype
as a development platform
• Battery laboratoryo climatic chambers for components
• Simulation tools• Challenging weather conditions
• Part of the national EV programme by Tekes,the Finnish Funding Agency for Innovation
Innovative procurement
• Normally Helsinki Region Transport (HSL), the public transport authority (PTA) procures public transport services, not vehicles
• However, HSL realised that electric buses are a challenge for the bus operators
• HSL took the decision to purchase 12 electric buses, and lend them to the bus operators
• Thereby the PTA takes the financial and technical risks for the first real electric bus fleet
• The 12 electric buses are ”extra” vehicles, so possible problems will not affect the service level of the bus system
• The 12 buses also serve as a ”Living Lab” test platform for the development of new mobility services
Steps into electrifying the bus system
”Vehicles”
(eBus)
”System”
(eBusSystem
eCharge)
Pre-commercial pilot (ePELI)
Commercial electric bus operation
• Components• Vehicular
technology• Single vehicles
• Systemic view• Charging technology• Operation concepts• A few vehicles
• Innovation platform• Pre-commercial pilot
with operators• Small fleet & charging
infrastructure• Building the
(business) ecosystem
• Normal commercial procurement
• Value chains and service providers established
• Several bus operators active• Charging infrastructure
available
HRT timeline: 2012 2014 2015 2017
The ePELI buses will be supplied by Linkker
• Linkker is a new Finnish e-bus manufacturer, a spin-off of VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
• The light-weight buses will be equipped with opportunity charging
http://www.linkkerbus.com/
Summary
• HSL is highly committed to good service with low environmental impact
• HSL sees a growing penetration for electric buses
• However, at the early stage of development, electric buses are a challenge to the fleet operators
• In the case of electric buses, HSL decided to change modus operandi and acquire a test fleet of 12 fully electric buses
• The buses will be handed to fleet operators, to increase their knowledge of electric buses and to increase their capability to offer electric bus services in oncoming tendering processes
• HSL hereby carries its part of the risk in introducing new technology
Thank you for your attention