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HEMCHANDRACHARYANORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY

PATAN

CURRICULM (CBCS)

M.Sc. (PHYSICS) PROGRAMME

(Effective from: June – 2011)

1

HEMCHANDRACHARYA NORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN

The proposed New Course in M.Sc. PHYSICS PROGRAMME is based on Choice Based Credit System (CBCS) which is in force from June-2011.

CBCS Course Pattern1. This programme is divided into four Semesters (Two Years). The duration of an academic year

consists of two semesters, each of 15 weeks for teaching. The academic session in each semester will provide 90 teaching days.

2. There will be three categories of courses/papers in this programme:a. Three Compulsory-Core theory courses (two disciplinary and one inter disciplinary) with

4 credits each in first three semesters.b. One Choice Based Elective Course (disciplinary/interdisciplinary) with 2 credits in first

three semesters.c. One Practical course (PR) with 6 credits in first three semesters.d. In the IV Semester, a student can undertake two core theory courses

(8-credits), project/field work (6-credits), practicals (4-credits) and Research methodology (2-credits) OR Major Dissertation (18-credits) and Research methodology (2-credits).

3. Detailed Course Pattern for each Semester is given bellow.

M.Sc. (Physics) : Semester-I

Course Name of the Course Exam.Duration(Hours)

Ext.Marks

Int.Marks

TotalMarks

Teach.Hours Per Week

CreditPoints

Core TheoryCode: CPH-401

(Disciplinary)

MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS -I AND QUANTUM MECHANICS - I

3 70 30 100 4 4

Core TheoryCode : CPH-402

(Disciplinary)

SOLID STATE PHYSICS-I ANDELECTRONICS-I

3 70 30 100 4 4


(Interdisciplinary)

COMPUTER 3 70 30 100 4 4

Elective Courses (Any One)(Disciplinary/ Interdisciplinary)

EPH-401

EPH-402

EPH-403

ELECTRONIC COMMUNI.

SPACE PHYSICS

APPLICATION OFCOMPUTER IN PHYSICS

2 50

-

50 2 2

Practicals : PPH-401 PRACTICALS 6 150-

150 12 6

TOTAL - 410 90 500 26 20

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M.Sc. (Physics): Semester-IICourse Name of the Course Exam.

Duration(Hours)

Ext.Marks

Int.Marks

TotalMarks


CreditPoints


(Disciplinary)

ELECTRODYNEMICS AND MICROPROCESSOR 3 70 30 100 4 4


(Disciplinary)

CLASSICAL MECHANICS ANDPROGRAMMING IN C-I

3 70 30 100 4 4


(Interdisciplinary)

NANO TECHNOLOGY 3 70 30 100 4 4


EPH-501

EPH-502

EPH-503

ENERGY TECHNOLOGY ANDSTORAGE SYSTEMSSYNTHESIS OF MATERIALS

EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES

2 50

-

50 2 2

Practicals : PPH-501 PRACTICALS 6 150-

150 12 6

TOTAL - 410 90 500 26 20

M.Sc. (Physics): Semester-IIICourse Name of the Course Exam.

Duration(Hours)

Ext.Marks

Int.Marks

TotalMarks


CreditPoints


(Disciplinary)

STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS

3 70 30 100 4 4


(Disciplinary)

DIGITAL ELECTRONICS ANDPROGRAMMING IN C-II

3 70 30 100 4 4


(Interdisciplinary)

BIOPHYSICS 3 70 30 100 4 4


EPH-601

EPH-602

EPH-603

LINEAR ICs APPLICATIONS

PULSE AND MICROWAVE ELECTRONICSRESEARCH METHODOLOGY

2 50

-

50 2 2

Practicals : PPH-601 PRACTICALS 6 150 - 150 12 6

TOTAL - 410 90 500 26 20

3

M.Sc. (Physics) : Semester-IVCourse Name of the Course Exam.

Duration(Hours)

Ext.Marks

Int.Marks

TotalMarks


CreditPoints

Core TheoryCode: CPH-701(Disciplinary)

MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS -II AND QUANTUM MECHANICS - II

3 70 30 100 4 4

Core TheoryCode: CPH-702(Disciplinary)

SOLID STATE PHYSICS-II ANDELECTRONICS-II

3 70 30 100 4 4

Project Work PROJECT 3 150 - 150 12 6

Elective Courses (Any One)(Soft-Skill)

EPH-701

EPH-702

-ENGLISH LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION

-PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

2 50 - 50

2 2

Practicals : PPH-701 PRACTICALS 6 100 - 100 8 4

TOTAL - 440 60 500 30 20

OR

Elective Courses (Any One)(Soft-Skill)

EPH-701

EPH-702

-ENGLISH LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION

-PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

2 50 - 50

2 2

Major Dissertation DISSERTATION 5 450-

450 28 18

TOTAL - 500 - 500 30 20

Thus, this M.Sc. Physics Programme (CBCS) comprises of eleven

compulsory core theory courses (8-disciplinary and 3-interdisciplinary), three

elective courses (disciplinary/interdisciplinary), one research methodology

course and four practical courses, one project work with total 80 Credits and

total 2000 Marks. 4

Pattern/Scheme of ExaminationThere will be examinations at the end of each semester ordinarily during November / December

for odd semesters and during April/May for even semesters.

Theory Examinations:

Out of the total marks for each course/paper maximum 30% marks shall be earmarked for Internal Exam.(Through continuous internal evaluation process ) and remaining 70% for External Exam. (Through semester-end examinations).

There will be one semester-end examination of three hours duration for core theory papers and two hours for elective papers. Each answer script of semester end examination (theory) will be valued by internal as well as external examiner.

The passing marks in each paper shall be 40%. There is no separate pass mark for internal assessment. A candidate has to secure a minimum of 40% of marks in the semester-end examination plus internal evaluation put together to pass a paper.

Practical Examination:

In the case of science faculty, there will be a practical examination at the end of every semester. There will be two Practicals from each groups (75 Marks each for Sem.-I to III and 50 Marks each for Sem.-IV) in the Exam. The passing marks for practicals will be 40%. The practical examinations shall be conducted with one internal and one external examiner.

In 4th Semester for project work there will be 50 marks for project report, 50 marks for project presentation and 50marks for viva. For dissertation work there will be 200 marks for dissertation, 150 marks for presentation and100 marks for viva.

There will be no internal assessment test for practicals, Elective courses, Dissertation work, and Project work in any semester.

Internal Assessment

For each paper/course in a semester there will be Continuous internal evaluation process which includes

Unit Test / Int.Test

MCQ Test / QUITZ Test Seminar/ Poster Presentation/ Assignment work Attendance - Regularity & Study Tour Library work -Book Review

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Structure of the Paper in Examination

For Core Courses (Disciplinary/Interdisciplinary):

There will be five questions each of 14 marks. First question will be from Unit - I, Second question from Unit-II, Third question from Unit-III, Forth question from Unit-IV and Fifth question will be from all four Units. All the questions are detailed as under. (Total 70 Marks and 3 Hours time for the Paper)

1 (a) Answer the following (Any one out of two OR two out of three) 10 Marks

(Theory questions)

(b) Attempt any one of following (out of two) 04 Marks

(Application/Problem/Example)


(Theory questions)




(Theory questions)




(Theory questions)



5 Answer the following (Any seven out of ten) 14 Marks

(Short answer or objective type questions)

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For Elective Courses (Disciplinary/Interdisciplinary):

There will be three questions first and second questions are of 20 marks each and third question is of 10 marks. First question will be from Unit - I, Second question from Unit-II, Third question will be from all three Units. All the questions are detailed as under. (Total 50 Marks and 2 Hours time for the Paper)


(Theory questions)

(b) Answer the following (Any one out of two) 06 Marks

(Theory questions)

(c) Attempt any one of following (out of two) 04 Marks



(Theory questions)

(b) Answer the following (Any one out of two) 06 Marks

(Theory questions)

(c) Attempt any one of following (out of two) 04 Marks


3 Answer the following (Any five out of seven) 10 Marks

(Short answer or objective type questions)

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HEMCHANDRACHARYANORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANCHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS) in MASTER OF SCIENCE

Committee Members for Grading System to be implemented from June 2011Dr. B L Punjani, Dean, Science Faculty, HNGU

Dr. J J Vora, Prof. & Head, Deptt. of Chemistry, HNGU

Dr. M B Prajapati, Prof. & Head, Deptt. of Mathematics, HNGU

History of grading:Developed by: A tutor named William Farish

1st implemented by: University of Cambridge in 1792, for the closure scrutinize of the students' work more quantitatively.

The Syndicate of the university has approved the Choice Based Credit System course for the Master programme in which the

passing standard minimum of 40% for each course of the programme.

Grades:These are standardized measurements of varying levels of comprehension within a subject area. Grades can be

assigned in letters (for example, A, B, C, D, E or F), as a range (for example 1.0–7.0), as descriptors (excellent,

great, satisfactory, needs improvement), in percentages, as a Grade Point Average (GPA). A Cumulative Grade

Point Average (CGPA) is a calculation of the average of all of a student's grades for all semesters and courses

completed up to a given academic term, whereas the GPA may only refer to one term.

Procedure of awarding the grades

Marks and Award of Grades:

The following TABLE-I gives the marks, numerically grades, letter grades and classification to indicate the performance of

the candidate.

Table 1

Conversion of Marks to Numerical Grade and Letter Grade

(Course Performance)

Sr.

No.

% marks obtained Numerical grade

earned

Letter grade earned Performance of the

student

1 90-100 6.0 – 7.0 A+ Outstanding

2 80-89 5.0 – 5.9 A Excellent

3 70-79 4.0 – 4.9 B+ Distinction

4 60-69 3.0 – 3.9 B Very good

5 50-59 2.0 – 2.9 C+ Good

6 40-49 1.0 – 1.9 C Satisfactory

7 00-39 0.0 F Re-appear/fail

8 Absent 0.0 AAA Absent

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It is clear from the Table 1 that, if any student obtains 67% in semester end examination in some course say-Course-M, then

the Numerical Grade earned is 3.7 and Letter grade earned is B (Very Good) in that course.

The result of successful candidates at the end of each semester shall be declared in terms of GRADE POINT AVERAGE

(GPA) and letter grade. The result at the end of fourth semester shall be classified on the basis of the Cumulative Grade Point

Average (CGPA) obtained in all the four semester and the corresponding overall letter sign grade. The SEVEN point grading

system with the Numerical as well as the letter grade as described as above and shall be recommended to be adopted. The

Grade Point Average (GPA) and the Cumulative Grade Point Average(CGPA) at the end of fourth semester shall be computed

as follows.

Computation of Grade Point Average(GPA):

Grade Point Average (GPA) is a measure of how well one is doing in academic studies. A student’s Grade Point Average, or

GPA, is a mathematical calculation that indicates where an average of the grades falls on the given scale. The academic

grading scale goes from “A+” to “C”, with corresponding numerical grade points ranging from the highest “7.00” to the

lowest “1.00”.

The letter grade is assigned a numerical grade value according to the Grading Systems- as shown in the Table 1. Each letter

grade has a numeric grade point value assigned which is used to calculate Grade Point Average (GPA) and cumulative grade

point average (CGPA).

The numerical grade in a course shall be assigned on the basis of actual marks scored at the semester end examination

including Internal Assessment in that course as per the above Table 1 provided he/she secures a minimum of 40% marks in

the semester examination. The candidate securing less than 40% of marks in the end of semester examination(including

Internal marks) in any course ( may be a theory / practical / project_work /dissertation,etc.) shall be declared to have failed

OR to be re-appear in the next exam in that course.

The Grade Point (GP) for each course shall then be calculated as the product of the Numerical Grade earned in that course

and the credits for that course. The Grade Point Average (GPA) for each semester is obtained by adding the GP of all the

courses of the semester dividing by total Credits of the semester (in science faculty it is 20 credits for each semester).

Procedure for GPA calculation:

Let, Ci = Credits of the ith course in the semester,

Gi= the numerical Grade obtained for the ith course in the semester and

N= the number of courses (credited) offered in the semester, then

Calculation of the Grade Point (GP) ith course of the semester is calculate as:

GRADE POINT (GPi) = Gi x Ci

GRADE POINT AVERAGE [GPA]

= (GP1 + GP2 +…+ GPn) / (C1 + C2 +…+ Cn)

= (GP1+GP2+…+GPn) / 20 (since total credit for each semester=20)

= (C1 x G1 + C2 x G2 +… + Cn x Gn) / (C1 + C2 + …+ Cn)

That is,

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Sum of the multiplication of numerical grade by the credits of the courses

Sum of the credits of the courses in a semesterGPA=

Table 2

Calculation of GP and GPA for Semester I

Table 3

Calculation of GP and GPA for Semester II

Table 4

Calculation of GP and GPA for Semester III

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Table 5

Calculation of GP and GPA for Semester IV

Note: The candidates who pass the subject at first appearance and within the prescribed semester of the PG Programme

( Core, Elective, Non-major Electives and Extra-Disciplinary courses alone) only shall be eligible for the evaluation process of

the Grade point of that subject. Those students who clear the examination at second or subsequent attempt or having skipped

the first attempt in the subject shall be granted the numerical grade of only 1.0 (as the lowest one) instead of the higher

numerical grade obtained by the candidate.

Calculation of CGPA for the entire programme

Cumulative GPA is a calculation of the average of all grades for all semesters and courses completed at the PG programme.

CUMULATIVE GRADE POINT AVERAGE [CGPA] =

Table 6

Calculation of CGPA for entire programme

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Sum of the multiplication of GPA of the semester by the total credits of that semester

Sum of the credits of the courses of the entire programmeCGPA=

Descriptions of each component described as follow:

Letter

Grade

Numerical Grade Grade Points Performace Letter Grade Description

A+ 90 - 100 6.0 to 7.0 Out standing

A 80 – 89 5.0 to 5.9 Excellent First Class Standing. Superior Performance

showing comprehensive, in-depth understanding

of subject matter. Demonstrates initiative and

fluency of expression.

B+ 70 - 79 4.0 to 4.9 Distinction Clearly above average performance with

knowledge of principles and facts generally

complete and with no serious deficiencies.

B 60 - 69 3.0 to 3.9 Very Good Basic understanding with knowledge of principles

and facts at least adequate to communicate

intelligently in the discipline.

C+ 50 – 59 2.0 to 2.9 Good Some understanding of principles and facts but

with definite deficiencies.

C 40-49 1.0 to 1.9 Satisfactory A passing grade indicating marginal performance.

Student not likely to succeed in subsequent

courses in the subject.

F 0 – 39 0.00 Unsatisfactory /

Fail

Knowledge of principles and facts is fragmentary;

or student has failed to complete substantive

course requirements.

AAA -- 0.00 Absent Did not complete the course or less than 40% of

course work completed.

Chairman, B.O.S. - Physics,

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PATAN

DETAILED CURRICULM

M.Sc. (PHYSICS): SEMESTER-I

HEMCHANDRACHARYANORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN13


Core theory course (Disciplinary)

CPH-401: MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS -I AND QUANTUM MECHANICS - I

UNIT - IFunction of a Complex Variable : ,:

Introduction, Analytic functions, Contour Integrals, Laurent series, Residue Theorem, Methods of Finding Residues, Evaluation of Definite Integrals by use of the Residue theorem, The point of Infinity, residue of infinity, Mapping, Some Applications of conformal mapping.

Basic reference: Mathematical Methods in Physical Sciences by M. L. Boas 2nd edition, Jhon I Wiley & Sons.

UNIT - IIIntegral Transforms:Introduction, Laplace Transforms, Solution of Differential Equation by Laplace Transforms, Fourier Transforms, Convolution: Parseval's Theorem, Inverse Laplace Transform (Bromwich Integral), the Dirac delta function, Green functions, Integral transform solutions of partial differential equations.

Basic reference : Mathematical Methods in Physical Sciences by M. L. Boas 2nd edition, Jhon I Wiley & Sons.

UNIT - III (a) Some exactly soluble Three-dimensional problem in quantum mechanics :Anisotropic oscillator, The isotropic oscillator, Normal modes of a coupled system of particles.

(b) Approximation methods for stationary states:Perturbation theory for Discrete level, Equation in various orders of perturbation, theory, Non degenerate case, The degenerate case - removal of degeneracy, The effect of electric field on energy level of an atom (Stark effect),Two electron atoms. The variation method; Upper bound on ground state energy, Applications to excited state, Trial function Linear in variational parameters, Hydrogen molecule, Exchange interaction .

Basic reference : A textbook of Quantum mechanics by P. M. Mathews and K. Venkatesan 1976 TMH New Delhi. UNIT - IV

(a)WKB Approximation:The one dimensional Schrödinger equation (inclusive all cases & discussion relevant to perturbation theory/WKB method, The Bohr-Somerfield quantum condition, The WKB solution of radial wave equation.

(b) Evolution with Time:Exact Formal Solutions :The Schrödinger equation: General Solution, Propagators, Alteration of Hamiltonian: Transitions; Sudden Approximation. Perturbation theory for Time Evolution Problems: Perturbative Solution for Transition Amplitude, Selection rules, First Order Transitions: Constant Perturbation, Transitions in the Second Order: Constant Perturbation.

Basic reference : A textbook of Quantum mechanics by P. M. Mathews and K. Venkatesan 1976 TMH New Delhi.

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Other references :

(1) Mathematical Methods for Physicist by G. B. Afrken & H. J. Weber 5th Edition 2001 Harcot (India Pvt.Ltd.)(2) Mathematical physics by P.K.Chattopahyay, 1990 New age international (P) - Ltd, New Delhi. Chapter 8 (Reprint 2001)(3) Mathematical Physics by H. K. Dass.(4) Mathematical Physics by Styaprakash, S.Chand. (5) Quantum Mechanics by L. I. Schiff, McGraw-Hill International student edition (1961).(6) Quantum Mechanics Vol I & II A. Messiah, Jhon Wiley & Sons, INC (1968)(7) Introduction to Quantum Mechanics by Powell and Crasemann Addiso-Wesley (1961).(8) Quantum Mechanics by V.K. Thankappen, Wiely eastern Ltd.(9) Quantum Mechanics : Theory and applications by A. Ghatak and S. Lokanathan.

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HEMCHANDRACHARYANORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANM.Sc. (PHYSICS): SEMESTER-I


CPH-402: SOLID STATE PHYSICS-I AND ELECTRONICS-I

UNIT- IElectron Energy Bands : ,:

Consequences of Periodicity –Bloch Theorem, Periodicity of Bloch Function and their eigenvalues, Wave mechanical Interpretation of Energy Bands, The Kronig-Penney Model, The Nearly Free Electron Model, Zone Scheme for Energy Bands, Energy Bands in a General Periodic Potential, Insulators-Semiconductor and Metals, The Tight –binding Approximation, The Wigner-Seitz Cellular Method.

Basic reference : Elements of Solid state Physics by J.P.Srivastava, PHI, New Delhi.

UNIT- IIMobile Electrons and Fermi Surfaces :Concept of Holes, Effective Mass, Construction of the Fermi Surfaces, Electrons in a Uniform Magnatic Field –Free Electrons and Bloch Electrons, Anomalous Skin Effect, Cyclotron Resonance-Semiconductor and Metals, Closed Orbits and Open Orbits, de Hass –van Alphen Effect.

Basic reference : Elements of Solid state Physics by J.P.Srivastava, PHI, New Delhi.

UNIT- III(a) Power Amplifiers : ,:

Introduction, Difference between Voltage and Power amplifiers, Performance quantities of power amplifiers, Class-A power amplifier, and power distribution, Transformer coupled class –A amplifier, Power consideration and dissipation, Class-B power amplifier, Class-A Push-Pull power amplifier, Class-B Push-Pull amplifier, Tuned amplifiers, Single tuned inductively coupled transistor amplifier, Double tuned transistor amplifier.

(b) Multivibrators:Multivibrators, Astable multivibrator, Monostable multivibrator, Bistable multivibrator.

Basic reference : Hand Book of Electronics by Gupta and Kumar, Pragiti Prakashan Meerut.

UNIT- IVOperational Amplifiers :Basic Concepts, Ideal operational amplifier, Practical Inverting and Non-Inverting OP-AMP, Characteristics of OP-AMP, Differential Amplifier, Some Op-AMP Parameters, Effects of offset, Frequency Response and Stability, Applications of OP-AMP: As a Scale Changing-Phase Shifting and Summing amplifier, Voltage Follower, Integrator, Differentiator, Logarithmic and Antilogarithmic amplifier, Bridge amplifier, Schmitt Trigger, Saw-tooth wave generator, The 555 IC Timer-as a Monostable and Astable multivibrator, Bootstrap Sweep generator.

Basic reference : Hand Book of Electronics by Gupta and Kumar, Pragiti Prakashan Meerut.

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Other references :(1) Elecronics and Radio Engineering by M.L. Gupta, D.R. Pub.Co. New Delhi.(2) Integrated Circuits by K.R.Botkar Khanna Pub.(3) Electronicss fundamental and applications by John D Ryder ,PHI.(4) Integrated Electronics by Millman and Halkias,Int. Student/s Edition .(6) OP-AMPs and Linear Integrated Circuits by R.A. Gayakwad, PHI Pub. (7) Basic Electronics and Linear Circuits by N.N.Bhargava, D.C.Kulshreshtha, S.C.Gupta.(8) Electronic Devices and Circuits by A.Mottershead Prentice – Hall of India.

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Core theory course (Interdisciplinary)

CPH-403: COMPUTER

UNIT-I

Windows and Power Point:Basic features and simple commands of operating system-windows and its uses. Accessories: Notepad, Calculator, Disk cleanup, Disk defragmentation, Windows explorer, Control panel.

Starting PowerPoint, Creating presentations, Creating presentation using templates, Creating blank presentations, Formatting Slide, Animation(Transition), Slide show, Quitting power point.

UNIT-II

Micro-Soft Word: Starting word, Word processor basics, word wrapping, adding or deleting tools, Selecting blocks of text, Copying text, Moving text, search and replace, editing a document, character formatting and style, Margin settings and columns, Justification of text, Line spacing, Setting tabs, Automatic tasks, Creating letters in readymade formats, Change case, Borders and Shading, Bullets and Numbering, Spelling and Grammar checking, Clip Art, Creating Drawing (with Toolbar), Auto correct, Auto Text, Printing a document, Short Keys, Help.Menus in Microsoft word: Menus, Menu bar, Toolbar, Table etc.

UNIT-III

Micro-Soft Excel :Introduction to spreadsheets, Use of spreadsheets, spreadsheets basics, Labels, Values and Functions, Formula, Functions, What-if analysis, Automatic recalculation, formatting spreadsheet, graphs.

Introduction to Excel : Functions of Microsoft Excel, starting ms-excel, Excel work environment, changing the size of work book and excel window, Cell and Cell address, Standard toolbar, Formatting toolbar, the formula bar, status bar, Components of an excel workbook, quitting ms-excelWorking in Excel : Moving inside a workbook, Moving the cell pointer quickly, Selecting a command, types of data, Entering data at cell address, Making changes to an entry, saving your workbook, closing the workbook, quitting ms-excelMathematical Calculations: Formulas using numbers, Formulas using cell address, Opening ms-excel and entering data, Defining functions, writing a function, Common excel functionsManipulating data: Moving data, Copying data, Relative cell addressing, absolute cell addressing, Copying values, not formula or function, deleting rows and columns, Deleting contents of a row, Inserting rows, inserting columns, Automatic filling of entries, quitting ms-excelChanging the layout: Aligning data, Increasing or decreasing the column width, Increasing or decreasing the height of rows, Erasing the contents of a sheet, Deleting data from the cell address, Setting column width to zero, Values formatting, Points to remember, Closing workbook and quitting excelSimple Graphs: Drawing a graph, Naming the sheet, saving the workbook, printing and closing a graphic sheet, opening the saved graphic sheet, quitting ms-excel

Manipulating Sheets: Adding sheet to a workbook, Adding many sheet to a workbook, renaming a sheet and entering data in it, Moving sheet, Copying data between sheets, Protecting the workbook, Deleting a sheet from a workbook, Saving the workbook automatically, Closing the workbook, recovering the deleted workbook, quitting ms-excel.

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UNIT-IVComputer Network,Internet and Virus:Local Area Network(LAN), Metrepolean Area Network(MAN) Wide Area Network(WAN), Routing, Network topology.Use of Internet, Web Brouser, Search Engine, Surfing, Mail(Draft,Send, Receive, Delete), TCP/IP, Uniform resource locator (URL), Internet service provider, Internet security, surfing.Introduction to computer viruses, What is virus?, Classification of viruses, Latest known viruses, virus prevention, Anti virus.

References:

(1) IT Tools and Applications by R.K. Taxali.(2) Comdex Computer Course Kit by Vikas Gupta, Publisher: Dreamtechl.(3) Microsoft Office 2000 Complete by Sybex, BPB Publication(4) Peter Norton Complete Guide to Microsoft Office 2000 by Wayne S. Freeze, BPB Publication.(5) Fundamental of Information technology by: Deepak Bharihoke

19


Elective course (Disciplinary)

EPH- 401: ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION

UNIT- I:Transmission lines and Waveguides:Transmission lines: Equivalent circuit, primary constants, transmissionline equations, infinite line, characteristic impedance, secondary constants, open andshort circuited line, line with any terminationWaveguides: Rectangular waveguides, Modes, Properties of TE10 mode, generating TE10mode from two TEM waves, fields patterns

UNIT-IIDigital and Satellite communication:Digital communication, Shannon limit for information capacity, digital amplitudemodulation, frequency shift keying, FSK transmitter and receiver.Satellite communication, Orbital and geostationary satellites orbital patterns, look angles,satellite construction, radiation patterns, satellite system link models, transponder,satellite system parameters

References:

(1) Electronic Communication Systems, Wyne Tomasi, Pearson Education Asia, IIEd. (2001).(2) Electronic Communication System : George Kennedy TMH.(3) Electronic Communications, Dennis Roddy & John Coolen, PHI(4) Modern Electronic Communication, Gray M. Miller & Jeffrey S. Beasley, PHI.(5) Hand Book of Electronics by Gupta and Kumar, Pragiti Prakashan Meerut.

20



EPH- 402: SPACE PHYSICS

UNIT-I

Basic Concepts of Earth’s Atmosphere:Atmosphere nomenclature, Hydrostatic equations scale height, Geopotential height, Chemical concepts of atmosphere, Thermodynamic considerations, elementary chemical kinetics composition and chemistry of middle atmosphere and thermosphere.

Structure and Variability of Earth’s Ionosphere:Introduction to ionosphere, photochemical processes, Chapman’s theory of photo ionization, production of ionospheric layers, morphology of the ionosphere.

UNIT-II

Aurora and Airglow: Night glow, Dayglow, Twilight glow, Aurora, Photometer for airglow measurement, applications of Airglow measurement for ionospheric dynamicsand composition

Magnetosphere:Circulation in the magnetosphere, magentospheric electric fields,particles in the magnetosphere, plasmasphere and its dynamics, magnetospheric currentsystem, magneto pause current tail current ring current and Birlkeland current.

References:(1) Introduction to Ionosphere and Magnetosphere: J.A. Ratcliff (CUP)(2) The Solar-Terrestrial Environment: JK. Hargreaves (CUP)(3) Introdution Space Physics: M.J. Kievelson (CUP)(4) Chemistry Sensing and Image Interpretation: T.M. Lillesand and R.L. Kiefer, (John Wiley & Sons, 4th Edition).(5) The solar terrestrial environment – J K Hargreaves, CUP (For Unit-II)(6) Space Plasma Physics – A C Das, Narosa Pub.(For Unit-II)

21


Elective course (Interdisciplinary)

EPH- 403: APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTER IN PHYSICS

Software Package: Mathematica

UNIT-IIntroduction: interfaces, numerical and algebraic calculations. Symbolic mathematics: differentiation, integration, sums and products, solving equations, differential equations, power series, limits, integral transforms, recurrence equations.Numerical mathematics: numerical sums, products and integrals numerical equation solving, numerical differential equations, optimization.Functions and programs,

UNIT-IILists Graphics and sound, Input/output File operations.Basic introduction of other scientific software packages such as MATLAB, MathCAD.

References:(1) S. Wolfram, Mathematica book, 5th ed. 2003.(2) Y. K. Singh, B. B. Chaudhuri, Matlab Programming, PHI, 2007.

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http://books.google.com/books/p/prentice_hall_india?q=+inauthor:%22B.+B.+Chaudhuri%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=4

http://books.google.com/books/p/prentice_hall_india?q=+inauthor:%22Y.+Kirani+Singh%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=4

HEMCHANDRACHARYANORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN


PPH- 401: PRACTICALS

Group – I

1. e/m by Magnetron Valve.2. Temperature Co-efficient of Platinum resistance Thermometer by Carry Foster

or C.G. Bridge.3. Study of Hall Effect.4. Study of hysterisis of Anchor ring / transformer using C.R.O.5. E.B.Plate (Determination of unknown wavelength and air gap).6. F.P. Interferrometer.7. Computer8. Computer

Group – II

1. Transistorized R.C. Phase shift Oscillator.2. UJT as a Relaxation Oscillator.3. Astable Multivibrator.4. Study of Power Amplifier.5. FET amplifier.6. Inverting OP-AMP.7. Differential Amplifier.8. Regulated Power Supply(78xx & 79xx).

-------------x-------------------------x--------------------------x------------

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PATAN

DETAILED CURRICULM

M.Sc. (PHYSICS): SEMESTER-II

24

HEMCHANDRACHARYANORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANM.Sc. (PHYSICS): SEMESTER-II


CPH-501: ELECTRODYNEMICS AND MICROPROCESSOR UNIT- I(a) Maxwell's equations:Maxwell's equation in matter, Boundary condition, Charge and energy : The Continuity equation, Poynting’s Theorem, Momentum : Newton’s Third Law, Maxwell’s Stress Tensor, Conservation of Momentum, Angular Momentum.

(b) Potentials and Fields:Continuous Distribution s : Retarded potentials, Point charges : Lienard Wiechert potentials .

Basic reference: Introduction to Electrodynamics by D. J. Griffiths 1999: 3rd edition, PHI, EEE, New Delhi.

UNIT – IIRadiation and Relativity:Dipole radiation, What is radiation ?, Electric dipole radiation, Magnetic dipole radiation, Radiation from an arbitrary source, Point charges : Power radiated by a point charge, Radiation reaction, The Physical basis of radiation reaction.Dynamics, Relativistic electrodynamics, How the fields transform? , The field tensor, Electrodynamics in tensor notation.

Basic reference : Introduction to Electrodynamics by D. J. Griffiths 1999: 3rd edition, PHI, EEE, New Delhi.

UNIT- IIIMicroprocessors, Advances in semiconductor technology, Organization of Microprocessor based system,Microprocessors instruction set and computer Langugaes: Machine language, 8085-Machine language, 8085 -Assembly Language, Writing and Executing an assembly language program, High level language, Operting systems, Microprocessors architecture and its operational, M.I.O. and 8085 Bus organization, Internal data operations and the 8085 registers, Paripheral or externally intiated operations, Memory, Flip -Flop or latch as a storage element, Memory Map and addresses, Memory address range of a 1K memory chip, Memory classification, Logic Devices for interfacing : Tri-state Devices, Buffer, Decoder, Encoder, The 8085 MPU : The 8085 microprocessors(Pinout), Demultiplexing the bus AD7-- ADo , Generating control signals.

Basic reference :Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Applications with 8085 by Ramesh S. Gaonkar PIP Pub.

25

UNIT-IV Introduction to 8085 Assembly Language Programming: Instruction classifications, Instruction word size, Opcode.format, Data Format, How to write assemble and execute simple programme, Overview of 8085 Instruction Set, Data Transfer Operations, Arithmatic Operations. Logical operations; OR, Exclusive-OR and NOT, Data Masking with logic AND, Examples, ORing data from two input ports, Branch Operations, Unconditional jump, Unconditionaljump to set up a continuous loop conditional jumps, Programming Techniques; Looping,Counting and Indexing, conditional loop, counter, Examples, Additional Data transfer and 16-bitArithmetic instructions, 16-bit data transfer to Registers pairs (LXI), Data transfer from Memory to Microprocessor, Examples, Data transfer from the Microprocessor to Memory or directly into Memory, Logic operations: Rotate-Left, Right with and without carry.

Basic reference :Microprocessor Architecture, Programming and Applications with 8085 by Ramesh S. Gaonkar PIP Pub.

Other references :(1) Classical electrodynamics by J. D. Jackson, 2nd edition 1964,- Jhon Wiley & Sons, Inc, and 3rd edition 2000.(2) Electromagnetics by B. B. Laud. Willley Eastern Ltd.(3) Electrodynamics by Kumar and Gupta, Pragati prakashan Meeruit, India.(4) Introduction to microprocessor by R. Zalls B. P. B. Publication Delhi.(5) An introduction to microprocessor and applications by Krishna Kant,Macmillan. ^

26



CPH-502: CLASSICAL MECHANICS AND PROGRAMMING IN C-I

UNIT - I Canonical transformation : :Gauge transformations, Canonical transformation, Condition for transformation to be canonical, Illustration of canonical transformations, Poission brackets, canonical equations in terms of Poisson brackets notation, Infinitesimal transformation, Relation between Infinitesimal transformation and Poission brackets, The Hamilton Jacobi equations, separation of variables.

Basic reference: Introduction to classical mechanics by R. G. Takwale and P. S. Puranik 1979 TMH, New Delhi

UNIT - IISmall Oscillation and Rotating Frame:Stable and unstable equilibriums, Small Oscillation in a system with one degree of freedom, Small Oscillation in a system with more than one degree of freedom, Normal coordinates and Normal frequencies of vibration.Rotating Frame, Euler angles, Inertia tensor, Euler’s equations of motion of a rigid body, Free motion of a rigid body, Motion of a symmetric top.

Basic reference : Classical mechanics-A Text Book by Suresh Chandra, Narosa Publishing House New Delhi.

UNIT- IIIDecision making and Looping:Introduction, while statement, do statement, do while, for statement, jumps in loops – continue and break statements.Arrays:Introduction, One dimensional arrays, declaration and initialization of arrays one dimensional arrays, two dimensional arrays, initialization of two dimensional arrays , multidimensional arrays.

Basic reference :Balagurusamy E., Programming in ANSI C (IIInd Ed.), TMH Pub.

UNIT- IVCharacter Arrays and Strings :Declaring and initializing string variables, reading and writing strings, arithmetic operations on characters, Putting Strings together, comparison of two Strings, String handaling functions, Table of strings, other features of strings.Functions :Need for user defined functions, A multi function program, Elements of user defind functions, Defination of functions, return values and their types, Functio Calls, Function Declaration, category of functions,No argument and no return values, Arguments but no return values, Arguments with return values, No arguments but returns avalue,Functions that returns multiple values, nesting of functions, recursion.

Basic reference :Balagurusamy E., Programming in ANSI C (IIInd Ed.), TMH Pub.

27

Other references :

(1) Classical Mechanics by H. Goldstein, C. Poole, J. Safko 3rd edition, first india reprint (2002) Pub: Pearson Education. (2) Classical mechanics by V. B. Bhatia 1997, Narosa Publishing House New Delhi(3) Classical mechanics by N. C. Rana and P. S. Jog TMH, New Delhi.

(4) P. Day and M.Ghosh, Programming in C, Oxford Univ. Press, 2007(5) Gottfried B.S.Programming with C(6) Kochan S.G Programming in C, CBS Pub.(7) Kenetker Y., Let us C, BPB Pub.(8) Kernighan B.W. and Ritchie D.K., C Programming language, PH Pub.(9)Stan Kelly - Bootle, Mastering Turbo C, BPB Pub.

28

HEMCHANDRACHARYANORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN M.Sc. (PHYSICS): SEMESTER-II


CPH-503: NANO TECHNOLOGY

UNIT-I

INTRODUCTION: Pre- Nanotechnology, Origins of Concepts of Nano, Advances in Experimental Methods, Nanotechnology-Basics and Basis, Size of Nano, The Meaning of Nanotechnology, Four Generations of Nanotechnology Development, Technology of General Applicability, Multi-purpose Technology, Applications of Nanotechnology.NANOCHEMISTRY: Introduction, Basic Concepts, Classification of Nanomaterials, Techniques of Production or Methodology, Size Concerns.Fullerenes: Introduction, History of Discovery, Variations, Properties of Fullerenes.Nanoparticles: Introduction, History, Properties of Nanoparticles, Classification, Characterization,, Production of Nanoparticles,Morphology of Nanoparticles, Safety Issues.

UNIT-II

Carbon Nanotube: Introduction, Discovery, Description, 'TYPes of Carbon Nanotubes and Related Structures,Single-walled Nanotubes, Multi-walled Nanotubes, Introduction, Structure, Research, Self-assembled Monolayars, Applications.NANOPHYSICS: Quantum Dot, Description, Quantum Confinement in Semiconductors, Optical Properties, Fabrication, Mass Production, Applications, Computing Field ,Biology, Cellular Imaging, Quantum Dots tor Thmour Thrgeting, Toxicity, Photovoltaic Devices, Light-emitting Devices, Quantum Wire, Carbon Nanotubes as Quantum Wires, Quantum Well, Fabrication, Applications, Quantum Point Contact, Fabrication, Properties, Applications.Nanocrystals,Nanocrystal solar cell.

UNIT-III

NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOLOGY: Introduction, Bascic concepts and applications, Drug Delivery, Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy, Surgery, Invivo Therapy, Neuro-electronic Interfaces, Cell Repair Machines, Nanobiotechnological Devices: Nanoparticles , Dendrimers , Nanorobots, Nubot , Nanoshell , Other Applications of Nanobiotechnology Biosensors : Definition , Principles of Detection , Optical (Photometric) Biosensor , Electrochemical Biosensor , Others , Applications , Nanobiosensors , Nanonose ,'Types of Nanosensors , Applications of Nanobiosensors Nanobiosensors and Cancer , Point-of-Care Testing , Nano- DNA Technology , Tile-based Arrays· , Applications.Building Blocks of DNA , DNA Sensors , DNA Field-effect Transistor , Optical Biosensors , Nanosized Optical Biosensors, Nanopathology-, Interactions.

UNIT-IV

INSTRUMENTS AND METHODOLOGYIntroduction, Next Generation of Nanotechnological Techniques, Modern Developments, Techniques of Nanolithography, Scanning Probe Microscope, Types of Scanning Probe Microscopy, Advantages, DisadvantagesAtomic Force Microscope, Description, Parameters Measured by AFM, Image modes, Force Spectroscopy, Identification of individual surface atoms, Advantages, Disadvantages, Scanning Tunnelling Microscope( Introduction).

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ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ISSUESDangers of Molecular Manufacturing, Sudden and Unexpected Risks, Basis of Economic Disruption, Potential Economic Impact, Over-Pricing and Poverty, Terrorism, Solutions and Regulations. Environmental Damages, Regulation, Environmental and Social Issues, Pollution Prevention, Areas of Pollution Prevention, Water and Waste Water Treatment,Water Conservation, Water Purification, Water Management, \, Health Risks and Environmental Issues, Society Related Problems, Positive Aspects of Nano, Negative Aspects of Nano., Action Plan for Prevention of Disasters by Nano, Implications of Nano in the Society.

References:(1) Nanotechnology by S.Shanmugam, MJP Publishers(2) Nanobiotechnology by Subbiah Balaji, MJP Publishers(3)Nanoscience and Technology by V S Muralidharan, A subramania, Ane Books Pvt Ltd

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EPH- 501: ENERGY TECHNOLOGY AND STORAGE SYSTEMS

UNIT- I:

ENERGY TECHNOLOGY:Geothermal Energy: Introduction, Applications, Utilization of Geothermal Energy, Geothermal Energy Resources, Hydro Geothermal Resources, Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Resources.Wind Energy: Introduction, Applications of Wind Energy and Historical Background, Merits and limitations of Wind energy Conversion, Nature and Origion of Wind, Wind Energy Quantom, Variables in Wind Energy Conversion systems, Wind power density, Power in wind Stream, Wind turbine Efficiency.Ocean EnergyTechnologies: Introduction to energy from Ocean, Ocean Energy Resources, Off-shore and On-shore Ocean energy conversion Technologies, Advantages and limitations of Ocean energy conversion Technologies.

UNIT - II:ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS:Introduction, Energy storage systems for Electrical UTILITY Peak Shaving, Pumped Hydro Energy Storage Plants and Underground Pumped Hydro, Compressed Air Energy Storage, Battery Energy Storage Systems, Lead Acid Battery Cells Nickel-Cadmium Battery, Advanced Batteries, Supper Conducting Magnet Energy Storage, Advanced Flywheel Energy Storage, Thermal Energy Storage-thermal sensible heat storage and Latent heat energy storage, Chemical Energy Storage.

References:(1) Energy Technology by S.Rao and Dr. B.B. Parulekar, Khanna Pub.-1995 1st edition(2) Solar Energy conversion, An introductory course By A. E. Dikon and J. D. Loslie(3) Principles of Energy Conversion By Archie W. Cupl Jr.

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EPH- 502: SYNTHESIS OF MATERIALS

UNIT-I

Physical Methods: Solid State Reaction (Ceramic) Method: General Principles, Experimental Procedure: Reagents, Mixing, Container Material, HeatTreatment, Analysis, Kinetics of Solid State Reaction, Disadvantages.Thin Film Synthesis:Vacuum Evaporation, Sputtering, Spin Coating, Dip Coating, Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD), Spray Pyrolysis, Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD).

UNIT-II

Chemical Routes: Sol-gel Method: Principle, Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3), Doped Tin Dioxide, Silica for Optical FiberGrowth of Single Crystals:Czochralski Method, Bridgman and Stockbarger Methods, Zone Melting, Precipitation from Solution or Melt; Flux Method, Epitaxial Growth of Thin Layers.Vapour Phase Transport Methods.

References:(1) Solid State Chemistry and its Applications, Anthony R. West (John Wiley & Sons)(2) Solid State Chemistry – An Introduction, Lesley Smart and Elaine Moore (Viva Books Pvt Limited)(3) Hand Book of Thin Film Technology, K. L. Chopra (MacGrow Hill)(4) Thin Film Fundamentals, Goswami A. (New Age International)(5) Hand Book of Thin-Film Deposition Processes and Techniques, Krishna Seshan (Noyes Pub.)(6) Crystal Growth – A Tutorial Approach,Eds. W. Bradsley, D.T.J. Hurle & J. B. Mullin (North Holland)(7) Crystal Growth Processes & Methods, P. Santhana Raghavan, P. Ramasamy (KRU Publications)

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EPH- 503: EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES

UNIT-I

X-ray: Introduction to production of X-ray & X-ray spectra, Instrumentation, X-ray generation,collimators, filters, detectors, X-ray absorption methods, X-ray fluorescence methods, XF- Spectrometer (XFS), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy: basic principles, nuclear magneticenergy levels, magnetic resonance, NMR Spectrometer.Electron Spin Resonance spectroscopy, ESR spectrometer, ESR spectra, Hyperfineinteractions.

UNIT-II

Mass spectroscopy : principle, spectrometer, and its operation, resolution, Massspectrum, applications.Intrared Spectroscopy, correlation of IR spectra with molecular structure, Instrumentation.Mosbauer Spectroscopy : Mosbauer effect, spectrometer, 57 Fe Mosbauer spectroscopy,nuclear hyperfine interactions.

References:(1) Instrumentation Methods of analysis : VIIth Edition, Willard Meritt, Dean,,Settle,CBS publishers.(2) Mosbauer Spectroscopy : Leopold May, Plenum Press, N.Y.(3) Neutron Diffraction : G.C. Becon(4) X-Ray diffraction : B.D. Culity, Edison Weisley(5) Radiation Detection & Measurment : Glenn F. Knoll

33


M.Sc. (PHYSICS): SEMESTER-II


Group – I1. Hysterisis by Magnatometer Method.2. L by Rayleigh’s method.3. ‘e’ by Milicon’s method4. G.M. counter.5. Microproccessor-arithmetic operations.6. C Programming.7. Ionic conductivity in Alkali Halides.8. Determination of Band gap energy of given Thermister.

Group – II1. Class-B Push-Pull Amplifier.2. MOSFET Characteristics.3. Amplitude modulation and demodulation.4. Non-Inverting OP-AMP.5. Voltage follower.6. IC-723 Regulated Power Supply.7. OP-AMP Parameters.8. IC-555 Timer.

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PATAN

DETAILED CURRICULM

M.Sc. (PHYSICS): SEMESTER-III

35

HEMCHANDRACHARYANORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANM.Sc. (PHYSICS): SEMESTER-III


CPH-601: STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS

UNIT-I

Some concept in statistical mechanics and Quantum statistics : Ergodic Hypothesis, Density distribution in phase space, The Liouville Theorem, Princple of conservation of density in phase space and prnciple of conservation of extension in phase space, Condition for statistical equilibrium, Density matrix, Liouville Theorem in quantum statistical mechanics, Condition for statistical equilibrium (in quan statistics), Ensembles in quantum mechanics.

UNIT-II

Ideal Bose and Fermi system and Transport phenomena ;Photon gas, Einstein derivation of Planck's law, Bose-Einstein condensation, Fermi energy, An alternate derivation of Fermi energy, Mean energy of fermions at absolute zero, Fermi gas in metals, Fermi energy as a function of temperature, White dwarfts, Compressibility of a Fermi gas, Mean collision time, Thermionic emission, Photoelectric effect, Molecular collisions, Einstein relation for mobility, Distribution function, Boltzmann transport equation, Boltzmann H-theorem in Q.M. , Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution from Boltzmann equation. Basic reference : Fundamentals of statistical mechanics by B. B. Laud, 1998, New age international (P) LTD, (For III&IV)Publishers, New Delhi.

Other reference:1. Statistical Mechanics by S.K. Sinha, Tata McGraw Hills.2. Statistical Mechanics and Properties of Matter by E.S. Raja Gopal,Mc Millan Company of India Limited.

UNIT – III .Two-bodv problem in nuclear physics :Introduction , The ground state of the Deuteron, Excited states of the Deuteron, Neutron-Proton scatteringat low energy, Scattering length , Spin-dependence of Neutron-Proton scattering, Singlet n-p system, Effective range theory in n-p scattering, Significance of the sign of the scattering length, Tensor force and the Deutron problem, Proton-Proton scattering at low energy, Analysis of n-p and p-p scattering, Interpretation of p-p and n-n scattering. .Nuclear Reactions:Nuclear reactions and cross section, Resonance: Breit-Wigner dispersion formula for l = 0 , The compound nucleus, The continuum theory of cross section σc, Statistical theory of Nuclear reactions.

Basic referenc : Nuclear Physics by Roy arid Nigam : Pub : New age Internation Ltd. New Delhi

36

UNIT – IV Elementrv Particles:Classification of elementary particles, type of interaction, Baryon number, lepton number, parity, charge conjugation and time reversal, CPT theorem, charge independence nuclear forces, Isospinm consequences of Isospin, G-Parity, Strange particles, associated prediction, Gell-mann Nishijima scheme, Neutral K- meson, strangenees, oscillations (?) hypercharge, CP-violation in K- decay, Ispin and SU(2) and SU(3) ,Baryon and meson multiplates, Gell-mann Okubo mass formula. Quark model falvour and colour.

Basic refernce: Introduction to high energy physics by D. H. Perkins 3r edition Cambridge Uni. Press Elementry particles by I. H. Hughes, Cambridge Uni. Press •

Other references:1. Nuclear Physics by I Kaplan, Narosa Pub.2. Introduction to Nuclear Physics by H.A.Enge, Addition-Wesley

37



CPH-602: DIGITAL ELECTRONICS AND PROGRAMMING IN C-II

UNIT- IDigital Electronic:A-bit memory(R-S Flip flop), Flip Flops, J-KFlip Flop, D Flip Flop; T-type FlipFlop , shift-register, seriato parallel converter, series-in rif.s out register, paraller to series converter, parallel in parallel out, right-shift, left-shift register, digital delay line, sequence generator.Basic Reffrence:Electronics and Radio engineering (9/e Reprint-2002) By M.L.Gupta (D.R. Sons New Delhi)

UNIT- IICounters: Shift register ring counter, Johnson counter, Basic clocks, Ripple (asynchrpnus)counters, Rip'ple center, Updown counter, Divided by -N counter, Sychronus counter, Series carry, Parrel carry, Up down Sychronus counter with Parrel carry, Sychronus decade counter, Application of counters, Digital to Analog conversion, Variable resistor network, Binery adder, D/A converter, D/A accuracy and resolution, A/D converter counter rhethod, A/D converter simultaneous conversion.

Basic Reffrence:Electronics and Radio engineering (9/e Reprint-2002) By M.L.Gupta (D.R. Sons New Delhi)

UNIT- IIIStructures and Unions :Introduction, Defining a structure, Declaring structure variables, Accessing structure members, Structure initialization, copying and comparing structure variables, Operation on individual members, Arrays of structure, Arrays within structure, Structures within structures, Structures and functions, Unions, Size of structures, Bit fields

Pointers : Concept, accessing the address of variables, declaring and initializing pointers, accessingvariables through pointers, pointer expressions, pointer increments and scale factor, pointers andarrays, pointer and character strings, pointers and functions, pointers and structures

UNIT- IVFile management in C:Defining and Opening a File, Closing a File, I/O operations on Files, Error handuling during I/O operations, Random Access to Files, Command Line Arguments. Developing a C program:Program Design, Program Coding, Common Programming Errors, Program Testing and Debugging, Program Efficiency.

Basic reference :Balagurusamy E., Programming in ANSI C (IIInd Ed.), TMH Pub.(For U-III&IV)

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HEMCHANDRACHARYANORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN M.Sc. (PHYSICS): SEMESTER-III


CPH-603: BIOPHYSICS

UNIT-I

Separation Techniques:Introduction, Chromatography, Column chromatography, Thin layer chromatography, Paper chromatography, Adsorption chromatography, Partition chromatography, Gas liquid chromatography (GLC) , Ion exchange chromatography, Molecular exclusion chromatography,Affinity chromatography

Electrophoresis: Moving boundary electrophoresis, Zone electrophoresis, Low voltage electrophoresis, High voltage electrophoresis, Gel electrophoresis, Sodium dodecyl sulphate poly acrylarnide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Iso electric focusing, Continuous flow electrophoresis.

Physico-Chemical Techniques to Study Biomolecules:Introduction, Hydration of Macromolecules, Role of Friction, Diffusion, Sedimentation,The Ultracentrifuge, Viscosity, Rotational Diffusion:Flow birefringence measurements, Electric birefringence, Light Scattering, Small Angle X-ray Scattering.

UNIT-II

Spectroscopy:Introduction, Ultraviolet/Visible Spectroscopy, Circular Dichroism (CD) and Optical Rotatory Dispersion (ORD), Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, Electron Spin Resonance.Light Microscopy:Introduction , Elementary Geometrical Optics, The Limits of Resolution, Different Types of Microscopy, Bright field microscopy,Dark field microscopy, Phase contrast microscopy, Fluorescence microscopy, Polarising microscopy.

UNIT-III

Electron Microscopy:Introduction, Electron Optics, The Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Preparation of the Specimen for Electron Microscopy, Image Reconstruction, Electron Diffraction, The Tunnelling Electron Microscope, Atomic Force Microscope.NMR Spectroscopy:Introduction, Basic Principles of NMR, NMR Theory and Experiment, Classical Description of NMR, NMR Parameters, Chemical shift Intensity, Line width, Relaxation parameters, Spin-spin coupling, The Nuclear Overhause~ Effect, NMR Applications in Chemistry Chemical shift, Spin-spin coupling, 13C NMR , NMR Applications in Biochemistry and Biophysic, Concentration measurement 125/S.8Y.38.2 pCHontfiotrramtiaotnion 1o2f5biomolecules, Two-Dimensional NMR, Determination of macromolecular structure, NMR in Medicine.

39

UNIT-IVBiomechanics:Striated Muscles , Contractile proteins, Mechanical Properties of Muscles, Contraction mechanism, Biomechanics of the Cardiovascu[ar System , Blood pressur, Electrical activity during the heartbeat, Electrocardiography.

Neurobiophysics:Introduction, The Nervous System, Synapse, MoefmMberamnberapnoetentPiaoltednutiealtso,, Voltage Clamp, S1e3n.4s.o1ry TMheevchisaunailsmresc-elTpthoer 21E8ye , Electrical activity and visual generator potentials, Optical defects of the eye, Neural aspects of vision,Visual communications, bioluminescence, Physical Aspects of Hearing, The Ear, Elementary acoustics, Theories of hearing, Signal Transduction, Mode of transport, Signal transduction in the cell.

References:(1) Biophysics by Vasantha Pattabhi and N. Gautham, Narosa Pub.(2) Introduction to Biophysics byPranabkumar Banerjee, S.Chand.

40



EPH- 601: LINEAR IC's APPLICATIONS

UNIT – I

Signal processing circuits: Active Filters - First/second order low pass,high pass Butterworth filter, higher order filter, band pass filter (wide/narrow), Bandreject filter (Wide/narrow), All pass filter.Electronic Analog computation using OpAmps. Simulation of transfer function, squareroot, as Rectifier, RMS and phase shift detectors.

UNIT- II

Special Purpose Amplifiers: Opamps using FET input stages, tone controls and graphic equalizers, Isolation Amplifiers, Video Amplifiers LM 733 and RCA 3040, Wide band operational amplifiers. Norton's OpAmp-LM 3900, Norton OpAmp in inverting and Non inverting configuration, FET input OpAmp.

References: (1) Gayakwad, OpAmp. and Linear Integrated circuits, PHI. (3rd Ed.)(2) K.R.Botkar, Integrated circuits, Khanna Prakashan, (8th Ed).(3) Coughlin and Driscoll, Operational Amplifiers and Linear integrated circuits,PHI .

41



EPH- 602: PULSE AND MICROWAVE ELECTRONICS

UNIT-ICharacteristic of Pulse waveforms, rise time, fall time, duty cycle concept, tilt,R-C circuits, constant rate charging, relationship between rise time and upper cutofffrequency, relationship between fall time and tilt.

Schmitt trigger and Ramp generator : Circuit operation, designing for a given uppertrigger point (UTP) and lower trigger point (LTP), speed-up capacitor, input and out putcharacteristics, RC ramp generators.

UNIT-II

Fundamentals of microwave technology, limitations of vacuum tubes. Klystrons, Twocavity Klystron, Multi-cavity and Reflex Klystrons, Traveling wave tube, Magnetron.

Antennas: Terms and definition, Antenna gain, resistance, beamwidth and polarization,resonant & non resonant antenna, effect of ground on antennas, antenna height,directional high frequency antennas, dipole arrays, Yagi-Uda antenna, Parabolic reflector.

References :(1) Solid State Pulse Circuits, David A Bell PHI)(2) Electronic Communication Systems : George Kennedy TMH(3) Microwave Devices & Circuits, III Edition, Samuel Y. Liao, PHI(4) Electronic communications systems, Wayne Tomasi, Pearson Education

42

HEMCHANDRACHARYANORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATAN M.Sc. (PHYSICS): SEMESTER-III


EPH- 603: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

UNIT –I

What is research?, Science and research, Basic and applied research, Essencial steps in Research.

Literature collection: Need for review of literature, Review process, Research reading, Reference cards, Literature citation, Different systems.

UNIT-II

Components of research repoet/Thesis: Field work and laboratory work, photography, Preparation of tables, Preparation of figures.Research repoet/Thesis –formatting and typing (computing): Title page, certificate, declation, acknowledgement, list of table, figures, abbreviations and symbols, chapter quotations, table, figures, summary, appendices, references etc.

References:1. Research Methodology with statistical pakage for social sciences byDr.A.Safeevan Rao & Dr.Dipak Tyagi, Shree Nivas Pub. -Jaypur2. Research Methodology by G.R Basotia and K.K. Sharma, Mangal Deep Pub.,Jaypur3. Research Methodology Morden methods and New techniques by M.N,Borse, Shree Nivas Pub. -Jaypur4. Research Methodology Morden methods and techniques by Anil Tandon, Annol Pub.-New Delhi

43


M.Sc. (PHYSICS): SEMESTER-III


Group – I

1. An optical method for determing dielectric constant, dipole moment and polarizability of a polar liquid by Hollow Prism.

2. Young’s modulus by optical method3. G.M. Counter4. Microwave5. Fiberless optical communication using Laser6. Fiber optics7. Ultrasonic Interferometer-Determination of Velocity of Ultrasonic waves in a

liquid/solid8. C Programming

Group – II

1. Frequency Modulation and Demodulation.2. Phase shift Oscillator using IC-741.3. Astable Multivibratorwith IC -5554. TRIAC characteristics5. Biastable Multivibrator6. R-S FLIP-FLOP7. SCR as a Triangular wave generator8. Scmitt trigger using transistor.

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44


PATAN

DETAILED CURRICULM

M.Sc. (PHYSICS): SEMESTER-IV

45

HEMCHANDRACHARYANORTH GUJARAT UNIVERSITY, PATANM.Sc. (PHYSICS): SEMESTER-IV


CPH-701: MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS -II AND QUANTUM MECHANICS - II

UNIT - ITensor analysis :Introduction , Defination, Contravariant vector, Covariant vector, Defination of Tensors of rank two, addition & subtraction of tensor, summation convention, symmetry - anti symmetry of second rank tensor, Contraction, Direct product, Quotient rule, Pseudo tensors Dual tensor Levi-civita symbol, irreducible tensor, Non cartesian tensors, Matrc tensor christoffel symols,christoffel symbols asdervatives of matric tensor,covariant derivative, Tensor derivative operators.

Basic reference : Mathematical Methods for Physicist by G.B. Afrken& H. J. Weber 5lh Edition 2001 Harcot (India Pvt.Ltd.)

UNIT - IIGroup theory :Groups, subgroups and classes, Invariant, subgroups and factor groups, Homomorphism & Isomorphism, Group representation, Reducible & Irreducible representations, Schur's lemma, Orthogonality theorem, Character of representation,Character table, Decomposing a reducible representation into Irreducible ones, Construction of representations, Lie groups & Lie algebra, The Three dimensional rotation groups SO(3), The special unitary groups SU(2) and SU(3), The homomorphism between SU(2) & SU(3), Some application of group theory in physics, ( application- 4 classification of elementy particles)

Basic reference : Mathematical physics by P.K.Chattopahyay, 1990 New age international (P) Ltd, New Delhi.

UNIT - III Scattering theory :The scatteing cross-section. General considerations: Kinematics of scattering process; Differential and Totalcross-sections, Wave mechanical picture of scattering:- The scattering amplitude, Green functions : Formal expression for scattering Amplitude, The Born and Eikonal Approximations, The Born Approximation, The validity o f the Born Approximation, The Born series, The Eikonal Approximation .


UNIT – IV Partial Wave Analysis :Asymptotic Behaviour of partial waves : phase shift, The scattering Amplitude in terms of phaseshifts, The Differential and Total cross-sections, Optical Theorem , Phace shiftt: relation to the potentials, Potentials of finite range, Low energy scattering, Exac soluble problems, Scattering by a square well, scattering by a hard sphere, scattering by a coulumb potential mutual scattering of two particles , Reduction of the two body problen : The centre of mass frame , Transfomation from centre of mass to Laboratory frame of reference , collisions between identical particles.


46

Other references :

(1) Mathematical Methods in Physical Sciences by M.L. Boas, John Wiley&Sons(2) Mathematical Physics by H. K. Dass.(3) Mathematical Physics by Styaprakash, S.Chand. (4) Quantum Mechanics by L. I. Schiff, McGraw-Hill International student edition (1961).(5) Quantum Mechanics Vol I & II A. Messiah, Jhon Wiley & Sons, INC (1968)(6) Introduction to Quantum Mechanics by Powell and Crasemann Addiso-Wesley (1961).(7) Quantum Mechanics by V.K. Thankappen, Wiely eastern Ltd.(8) Quantum Mechanics : Theory and applications by A. Ghatak and S. Lokanathan.

47



CPH-702: SOLID STATE PHYSICS-II AND ELECTRONICS-II

UNIT- IImperfections in Crystals:Point Imperfections, Line Imperfections: Dislocations, Stress fields of Dislocations, Planar Imperfections: grain boundaries, Role of dislocation in Crystal growth, Strength of alloys.

UNIT- IIMagnetism:Diamagnetism, Paramagnetism, Magnetic resonance: ESR, NMR, Spin relaxation, Weiss theory of Ferromagnetism, The exchange interaction, The Heisenberg model, Ferromagnetic domains: The Bloch wall, Origin of domains, Neel model of Anti ferromagnetism, Neel model of Ferrimagnetism, Spin waves: Magnons in Ferromagnets, The Bloch T3/2 law, Magnons in antiferromagnets.

Basic Reffrence:Elements of Solidstate Physics by J.P Srivastava, PHI-New Delhi. (For U-I&II)

UNIT- III

FET Amplifiers:FET parameters, biasing the FET , basic FET amplifier, FET small signal, common source amplifier, The common drain or source follower, common gate amplifier, general treatment of low frequency common source arid common drain arnpfilier.Basic reference: ' ' . . -Handbook of Electronics 30th revised edition 2002 by Gupta and Kumar (P. P. M) Chapter: 13Power supplies ( Electronic regulation):Basic blocks of linear voltage regulation, Basic voltage regulation building blocks, protection circuitry, Adjustable type 723 regulator, Typical regulator circuit using 723 IC , Three terminal voltage regulator, General feature, Threeterminal fixed voltage regulator Ics and their designBasic reference:Integrated circuits 9th Edition First Print 1997 By K.R.Botkar, Khanna Publishers Delhi.

'UNIT-IV

Tuned voltage amplifiers:Introduction , Tuned amplifies, Resonance, Series resonant circuit, Parellel resonant circuit, Advantage of tuned amplifiers, voltage gain and Frequency response curve, Doubled tuned voltage amplifiers.Basic reference:Electronic & radio engineering 9th Edition reprint 2002 by M.L.Gupta(D R publi-Shers co.)IC Fabrication:IC Technology, Advantages and limitations of ICs, Basic monolithic IC technology, Basic processes used in monolithic technology, Monolithic integrated components, Transistors of monolithic ICs, Monolithic diodes.

48

Basic reference :Handbook of Electronics by Gupta and Kumar, Pragati prakashan, Meerut,30th revised edition 2002.

Other references :

1. Introduction to Solid state Physics by Kittle C.,Wiley Eastern

2. Fundamentals of Solid State Physics by Saxena,- Gupta- Saxena, Pragati Prakashan

3. Integrated Electronics by Milmann and Halkais4. Electronic devices and circuits by Y.N.Bapat

49


PROJECT WORK

Project Report Project Presentation VIVA

50


SOFT-SKILL COURSE

EPH-701 : ENGLISH LANGUAGE COMMUNICATION

Detail-As per University Guideline (Syllabus will be prepared by University)

51


SOFT-SKILL COURSE

EPH-702: PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

Detail-As per University Guideline (Syllabus will be prepared by University)

52


M.Sc. (PHYSICS): SEMESTER-IV


Group – I

1. Babinet compensator2. Fiber Optics3. Microwave4. Fiberless optical communication using IR5. C Programming6. Microprocessor

7. e/m by Helical method

Group – II

1. Study of Differentiator 2. Study of Integrator.3. D/A and A/D Convertor.4. Sawtooth generator using OP-AMP5. Square wave generator.6. Modulo n-counter.7. Crystal Oscillotor

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