Hemp Seed, a Natural Source of Functional Food Ingredients

Contributors

Anndrea Hermann M.Sc., P. AgDr. Roman Przybylski

Dr. Miyoung Suh Dr. James D. House

Kelly Fitzpatrick M.Sc.Boris Baňas

Sacha Roth-Masson, B.Sc.Benilda Sable, M.Sc.

PART I.

Nutritional Properties ofHemp Seed

Biological Components of Hemp Seed

Hemp SeedHemp Seed

Hull21-34%

Hull21-34%

Groat66-79%Groat

66-79%

Composition of Hemp Seed

Protein 25-27%

Fat35-37%

Fibre 29%

Carbohydrate30-32% Sugar

2%

Hemp Seed

80% PUFA11% Mono

9% Sat 0% Trans

Composition of Selected Crops(Contribution %)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Hemp Soybean Wheat Flax Canola

ProteinFat

Fibre

o The main role of dietary protein is to supply amino acids for growth and regeneration of body tissue.

o Hemp protein contains all 18 key amino acids and also contains all of the essential amino acids that our body can not produce itself.

o Hemp protein is free of trypsin-inhibitors. Trypsin is a key enzyme that breaks down peptide bonds in proteins enabling more efficient protein uptake in the human body.

o Hemp Protein is all natural, plant based, high quality and allergen-free.

Protein in Hemp Seed

Comparison of selected foods

Food Protein ContentSoybean 35,0 % Hemp seed, shelled 32,0 % Hamburger beef 27,1 % Blue fish 26,0 % Cheddar cheese 23,5 % Chicken 23,5 % Hemp seed, whole 23,0 % Almonds 18,3 % Wheat flour 13,3 % Egg 12,0 % Tofu 8,0 % Rice 7,5 % Skimmed milk 3,7 %

Why hemp: high protein content

Hemp Seed (Shelled Hemp,~32%; Whole Hemp: ~26%) Contain all of the essential amino acids that the body can not make itself High in branched amino acids (~40%) o Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine

• comprise 30% of the amino acids in muscle

High in Arginine- which is the dietary precursor to nitric oxide which plays a key role in the health of the cardiovascular system.

Hemp Protein Powder (43%and 50% protein)

Helps with: Muscle protein turnover in athletic performance Body invigorator/anti-fatigue effect Preliminary studies have identified positive reduction of hypertension

Nutritional Quality of Plant Protein(%)

0

1020

3040

5060

7080

90100

Hemp Soybean Egg Wheat

Protein contentDigestibility

Biological value

Ratio of Essential Amino Acids Content in Plant Proteins (Ratio %)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Lys His Met Val Leu Ile Thr Phe Trp

HempSoybean

Wheat

Gluten Free Proteins in Hemp

o Gluten = storage proteins (prolamins) present in wheat, rye, barley, and oats.

o Celiac disease - gluten proteins trigger autoimmune response that damages the lining of the small intestine. A multi-system, multi-symptom disease, difficult to diagnose. Ca. 1 in 133 people (> 2.5 million people in the U.S.)

o Hempseed and protein - no detectable gluten proteins at a detection level of 10 ppm (0,001%).

o Max. level to declare gluten-free is <20 ppm.

Carbohydrates

oDietary Fibre 29%• Insoluble 27%• Soluble 2%

o Total Sugars 2 %

Whole Hemp Seeds

Hempseed Dietary Fibre

o Insoluble FibreLaxation EffectsMaintain Digestive System

o Soluble FibreLowers Blood Cholesterol Levels

• Heart DiseaseModerates Blood Glucose Levels

• Diabetes

Oil Content in Oilseeds(Contribution %)

0

51015202530354045

Hemp Soybean Olive Canola Corn Sunflower

Oil Composition(Contribution %)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Hemp Soybean Olive Canola Corn Sunflower

Saturated

Mono-unsaturatedPoly-unsaturated

Ratio of n-6 to n-3fatty acids in oils

Optimal Ratio 3 - 5

Soybean 7

Canola 2

Sunflower 220

Corn 35

Olive 10

Borage 2

Evening Primrose 391

Hemp 3

Essential Fatty Acids(Contribution %)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Hemp Soybean Olive Canola Corn Sunflower

Linoleic(Omega 6)

Alpha-linolenic(Omega 3)

Unique Fatty Acids(Contribution %)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Hemp EveningPrimrose

Borage

Gamma-linolenic (GLA)Omega 6

Stearidonic (SDA)Omega 3

Fatty Acids in Special Oils(Contribution %)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Hemp Evening Primrose Borage

Oleic

Linoleic(LA)

Alpha-linolenic(ALA)

Hemp Fatty Acids - Health Effects

ALA intakes of 0.53 to 2.8 g/d reduced the risk of: Cardiovascular disease events by 39% (Djousse et al., 2001) Fatal ischemic heart disease by 45% (Hu et al., 1999) All-cause mortality in upper quintile of intake (Dolecek et al., 1992) Each 1g/day intake associated with 47% reduction in CVD risk in low

seafood eaters (Mozaffarian, 2005)ALA reduces inflammatory biomarkersSDA – increases plasma PL EPA (James et al. 2003) GLA may reduce Diabetes (Horrobin, 1997)

improvement in nerve flow GLA may aid in weight control (Schirmer, MA and Phinney, SD. 2007)

Hempseed and Heart Health

o Plasma ALA and GLA levels significantly elevatedo ALA levels significantly elevated in the hearts

“Dietary hempseed appears to provide significant cardioprotective effects due to

its highly enriched PUFA content.”

- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine St Boniface Hospital Research Centre (Al-khalifa, et al. 2007)

ALA and GLA improve Skin Health

Callaway and coworkers (2005) compared the effects of 2 Tablespoons of either hempseed oil or olive oil

on skin parameters:o20-week randomized, single-blind crossover study with atopic dermatitis patients (eczema):

Levels of LA, ALA and GLA increased in skin lipids after hempseed oil Significant reductions in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) values, skin

dryness and itchiness Decrease in use of dermal medication

Composition of Antioxidants(Tocopherols) Amount (mg/100g of Oil)

0102030

405060708090

100

Hemp Soybean Olive Canola Corn Sunflower

AlphaGamma

Delta

Content of Antioxidants in Specialty OilsAmount (mg/100g of Oil)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Borage Evening Primrose Hemp

Antioxidants – Tocopherols (Vitamin E)

Tocopherol (%) Hemp Borage Black Current

Evening Primrose Canola

Alpha 10 10 10 40 30

Beta 1 - 2 - 6

Gamma 85 20 80 55 60

Delta 4 70 8 5 4

Total Tocopherols (ppm) 600-1200 500-800 400-800 200-600 500-1200

Content of Sterols in Selected OilsContent (mg/100g of oil)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Soybean Canola Sunflower Corn Olive Hemp

Phytosterols

Phytosterols(%) Hemp Borage Black

CurrentEvening

Primrose Soybean

Sitosterol 55 50 75 90 56

Campesterol 15 40 8 8 18

Stigmasterol 15 - 10 0 16

Total Phytosterols (ppm)

800-1200 600-800 500-900 600-800 600-1400

o Possess potent cholesterol lowering capabilities.o Reduce cholesterol absorption by competing with cholesterol for uptake.

Nutritional Effects of Phytosterols

Control cholesterol level in the blood

Cholesterol replacers – vegetarians

Substrates for hormones and regulatory components

Lowering cholesterol absorption

Health Opportunities!

Clinical Trials to assess the Health Effects of Hemp:

1. Heart healthy fatty acid profile, an array of lipid lowering constituents including soluble fibre, phytosterols and Vitamin E, and highly digestible, high quality protein.

Assess effects on CVD and inflammatory biomarkers

2. Hemp Fibre, Diabetes and the Glycemic Index (GI)

Weight loss applications

PART II.

Hemp food products

Process Scheme

Hulled SeedHulled Seed

30% protein41% fat15% carbohydrates

OilOil

56% Omega 618% Omega 3 11% Omega 9

Coarse Hemp Powder

Coarse Hemp Powder

20% protein5% fat65% carbohydrates

SiftingSiftingPressingPressing MillingMilling

HullingHulling

ToastedSeeds

ToastedSeeds

23% protein31% fat34% carbohydrates

Hemp SeedHemp Seed

23% protein31% fat34% carbohydrates

ToastingToasting

CakeCake

30% protein8% fat48% carbohydrates

Protein PowderProtein Powder

50% protein12% fat26% carbohydrates

Wholeseed FlourWholeseed Flour

30% protein8% fat48% carbohydrates

Hemp products by HOC Inc.

o They originate exclusively from food varieties of hemp.o Hemp is not grown for fiber, only for seed production.o Professional industrial processing guarantees highest quality.o Solely hemp-based processing for gluten-free products. o All products in conventional and EU Certified Organic quality.o All products certified as: Fair Deal, Kosher, Halal.

Hemp Seed Oil

o Cold pressed at 46 °C max. temperature (“Raw”)

o No sediments –filtered to 1 μm level (Micron Mesh)- only one on market

o Very low peroxide value:<4 meg/kg.

o THC levels that are well below the THC levels allowed in the EU

Toasted Hemp Seed

o Toasted Hemp Seeds are a greatsnack food for leisure time orsport activity.

o Use directly or add to salads.

Hulled Hemp Seeds

o Hemp nuts are considered as one of the super foods and ideal source of energy.

o Can be used for making vegetable and fruit salads, cereals, pasta or vegetarian hamburgers.

o Can be added to everything from smoothies to cookies!

Hemp Flour

o Hemp flour contains 40% dietary fibre, highest of all commercially available cereals used for flour production.

o Is naturally gluten free and contains 33% high quality, highly digestible protein.

o Can be used to make all types of bread and pastry, pancakes and waffles up to 25% of total flour content.

Hemp Protein Powder

o Hemp Protein Powder is produced by carefully sifting Hemp Flour

o Is Naturally Gluten Free and contains 43-50% protein and 18-29% dietary fibre.

o Can be used for making protein shakes or added to baked goods.

o Endorsed by Nick Nilsson.

Hemp Protein Powder

o Hemp protein does not contain Trypsin inhibitors, which limits the absorption of proteins. Trypsin is an enzyme that breaks down the proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids. If tryspin is inhibited, the protein will not be broken down and will not be absorbed into the body.

o Approx. 65% of hemp protein is in a form of Edestin only found in hemp seed. It helps digest, is relatively Phosphorus-free and is considered a building block of cell DNA.

o The rest is Albumin, globular protein similar to protein of egg white.

Coarse Hemp Powder

o Coarse Hemp Powder contains 65% total dietary fibre.

o The majority of Coarse Hemp Powder is insoluble fibre, which helps relieve constipation and cleans the digestion tract.

o It gets rid of toxins from large intestine and prevents their further accumulation.

PART III.

Legal Aspects

Hemp Food

Hemp Foods are non-psychocactive containing less than 0.2% (EU) and 0.3% (Canada) THC in green parts of the plant.

Allowable levels of THC in hemp derivatives is 10ppm (Canada)Psychoactive cannabis contains up to 20 % THC in green parts of

the plant.

Legal limits for THC content

Czech Republico Oil 50 ppm

Canada/USA Canadao if product contain below 10mg/kg (10 ppm) it is not regulated

Switzerlando Oil 50 ppmo Seed 20 ppmo Breads and pastries 5 ppm

oVegetable foods 2 ppmoHerb and fruit teas 0.2 ppmoAlcoholic and

non-alcoholic drinks 0.2 ppm

Thank you for your attention.