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Sound Management practice depends upon certainpatterns that can be identified and analysed.

Managers can be

made (not borne),byimparting management

skill through specific

principles (14 principles ).

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1. Authority.

2. Discipline.

3. Unity of direction.

4. Unity of command.

5. Subordination of individual (general interest).6. Division of labour/Specialization.

7. Remuneration.

8. Centralization.

9. Hierarchy (Scalar Chain/Line of Authority).

10. Order.11. Equity.

12. Stability of tenure of personnel.

13. Initiative.

14. Team spirits (esprit de corps ).

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1. Authority:-

The right to issue commands, along with which

must go the balanced responsibility for itsfunction.

Authority can be formal or

personal. Formal authority

is derived from ones official

position & personal authority

is derived from factors like

intelligence and experience.

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2. Discipline:-

Employees must obey, but this is two-sided:employees will only obey orders if managementplay their part by providing good leadership.

3. Unity of Direction:-People engaged in the same kind of activities musthave the same objectives in a single plan. Unity ofcommand does not exist without unity of

direction. In short, individual, departmental andorganizational goals should be intermeshed.

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4. Unity of Command:-

Each worker should have only one boss with no

other conflicting lines of command.

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5. Subordination of individual:-

The interests of employees should not take

precedence over the interests of theorganization as whole.

6. Division of Work:-

Specialization allows the individual to build upexperience, and to continuously improve hisskills. Thereby he can be more productive.

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7. Remuneration:-

The compensation (salary) paid to employeesshould be fair & based on productivity ofemployees and other factors.

8. Centralization:-

This is a matter of degree depending on thecondition of the business and the quality of itspersonnel.

Manager should retain final responsibility, butshould give subordinates enough authority todo their jobs properly.

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9. Scalar chain:-

A hierarchy is necessary for unity of direction. Butlateral communication is also fundamental, as long

as superiors know that such communication istaking place.

Scalar chain refers to the

number of levels in thehierarchy from the ultimate

authority to the lowest level

in the organization. It shouldnot be over-stretched and

consist of too-many levels.

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10. Order:-

Everybody & everything should be in right

place at the right time. People should be in thejobs or positions they are most suited to.

11. Equity:-In running a business a combination ofkindness andjustice is needed. Treatingemployees well is important to achieve equity.

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12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel:-

Employees work better if job security and

career progress are assured to them. Aninsecure tenure and a high rate of employeeturnover will affect the organization.

13. Initiative:-

Allowing all employees to show their initiativein some way is a source of strength for the

organization that is freedom to conceive andexecute a plan.

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14. Esprit de Corps:-

This means a sense of union. Management

must inculcate a team spirit in its employees.

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