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Henry Kapteyn and Margaret Murnane
Attosecond Light and Science at the
Time-scale of the Electron –
Coherent X-rays from Ultrafast Lasers
Outline
• Take attosecond electron rescattering physics, discovered just over 20 years ago, to generate tabletop coherent x-ray beams
• Use ultrafast x-rays to visualize, interact with, and control the nanoworld, to simultaneously manipulate electrons, atoms and molecules in quantum systems
• Table-top microscopes and nanoprobes with unprecedented elemental, spatial and temporal resolution
Bright, coherent, ultrafast, soft x-ray beams on a tabletop
• Focus a femtosecond laser beam into a gas
• Extreme nonlinear optics upshifts visible laser light into the x-ray region
• When laser and x-ray phase velocities matched, get coherent bright output
Electron paths
Laser-like, ultrafast, soft x-ray beams from
3 – 30 nm
Surface science: probe charge transfer processes on surfaces (PRL 101, 046101 (2008))
Molecular imaging: image changing electronic orbital and molecular structure (Science 317, 1374 (2007); Science 322, 1081 (2008); Science 322, 1207 (2008))
Applications of coherent, ultrafast, x-ray beams span a broad range of science and technology
Nanothermal transport: probe heat flow in nanostructures (Nature Materials, accepted (2009))
Magnetics: Probe nanodomains, magnetic dynamics (Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 257402 (2009))
Nanoimaging: High resolution 3D imaging of thick samples using coherent lensless imaging (OL 34, 1618 (2009); PNAS 105, 24 (2008); Nature 460, 1088 (2009); Nature tbp (Jan 14, 2010))
High frequency acoustic metrology: Characterize thin films, interfaces, adhesion (Applied Physics Letters 94, 093103 (2009))
Surface science: probe charge transfer processes on surfaces (PRL 101, 046101 (2008))
Molecular imaging: image changing electronic orbital and molecular structure (Science 317, 1374 (2007); Science 322, 1081 (2008); Science 322, 1207 (2008))
Applications of coherent, ultrafast, x-ray beams span a broad range of science and technology
Nanothermal transport: probe heat flow in nanostructures (Nature Materials, accepted (2009))
Magnetics: Probe nanodomains, magnetic dynamics (Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 257402 (2009))
Nanoimaging: High resolution 3D imaging of thick samples using coherent lensless imaging (OL 34, 1618 (2009); PNAS 105, 24 (2008); Nature 460, 1088 (2009); Nature tbp (Jan 14, 2010))
High frequency acoustic metrology: Characterize thin films, interfaces, adhesion (Applied Physics Letters 94, 093103 (2009))
How to catalysts work?Can nanoparticles enhance photovoltaic efficiency?
How are electrons and atoms dynamically coupled in a molecule? How fast can an electron change states?
How fast does heat flow from a nanostructure into the bulk?
How to probe and characterize interfaces, adhesion, and very thin films?
Image thick samples at the nanometer level using a tabletop lensless microscope
How fast can a magnetic material switch? How do nanodomains interact?