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Heritage Building Analysis - Masjid Sultan Sulaiman

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    Royal Mosque of Sultan

    SulaimanMasjid Diraja Sultan Sulaiman

    Architecture Culture & History 2ARC 1323

    Heritage Building Analysis

    Nurul Jannah Masturah Jailani

    Gertrude LeeTrevor Hoareau

    Kee Ting Ting

    Pn Norhayati

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    Contents

    1 Introduction

    1.1 Building Facts1.2 Contextual Conditions

    1.3 Concept and Design

    2 Building Inventory

    2.1 Stained Glass

    2.2 Ornamentation2.3 Domes

    2.4 Minaret

    2.5 Arches

    2.6 Faade

    2.7 Ribbed vaulting

    2.8 Ionic column

    3 Conclusion

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    Introduction

    Masjid Sultan Sulaiman JamiurRahmah, also known as Masjid Sultan

    Sulaiman, was named after the fifth Sultan of Selangor which is Sultan SirAlaeddin Sulaiman Shah (1898-1938). This mosque is located at Jalan Kota Raja,

    Klang, Selangor. This mosque was designed by the British architect Leofic

    Kesteven. This mosque was completed in the year 1932 and was officially

    opened by the fifth Sultan of Selangor, Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah on 1934.

    Besides being a place for worship for the Islam and a sign of the Supremacy of

    the King, it was also to introduce the idea whereby the mosque act as the

    complex of religion which has the administrative body, the educational body

    and others during the early 19th

    century.

    Other famous old buildings which are around the same area as Masjid Sultan

    Sulaiman are Kolej Islam Sultan Alam Shah, The Sultan Abdul Aziz Royal Gallery

    and Istana Alam Shah. Kolej Islam Sultan Alam Shah was initially a palace which

    was donated by Almarhum Sultan Hishamuddin Ibni Almarhum Sultan Sulaiman

    to become a college until today. His hope was that this college would produce

    scholars who is loyal to Allah and can guide the community towards pure

    Islamic teaching and values. The Sultan Abdul Aziz Royal Gallery was dedicatedin honour of his late father, Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah. Lastly, Istana

    Alam Shah is the official palace of the Sultan of Selangor. This palace was built in

    1905 during the rule of Sultan Sir Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah, fifth Sultan of

    Selangor.

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    Figure 1.1 Masjid Sultan Sulaiman

    Figure 1.2: The Sultan Abdul Aziz Royal Gallery

    Source: www.thestar.com.my

    http://www.thestar.com.my/http://www.thestar.com.my/
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    Figure 1.3 Istana Alam Shah, Klang, Selangor

    Source: www.asiaexplorers.com

    As mention, the architect, Leofic Kesteven was appointed by the British to design the

    mosque. He designed it in such a way that the mosques architecture has an influence

    of Islamic Architecture and the combination of Western Art Deco and Neoclassical

    cathedral style. The original design of the building is like a church plan, whereby the

    design is like a cross bar when viewed from above. This is due to the fact that themosque could be converted into a church if the British were to consider colonizing

    Malaysia completely.

    The building is made out of stone, as this was under the influence of the British and

    Indian Muslim. The most noticeable feature of the plan is the central plan. This plan

    uses two main axes of the axis of the East-West and North- South. There are eight small

    towers around the mosque and a large tower in the middle and higher entrance from

    the main porch. The tower is also decorated with yellow dome at the summit.

    http://www.asiaexplorers.com/http://www.asiaexplorers.com/
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    Building InventoryElements of the Building

    Stained Glass

    The mosque was designed and built during the British colonization in the 19 thcentury. There was a theory that the British architect, although the mosque asa gift to the Sultan, he had designed it in a way that resembles a church so thatif the British managed to colonize Malaysia completely, they can just convert itinto church.

    One of the elements that were implemented in the design of the mosque wasstained glass. Stained glass is a common element found in the architecture of

    churches and cathedrals to light symbolizing God and the colors from the glasssymbolizing jewels embellishing the Heavenly City of Jerusalem.

    Its the only form of art, which is observed through refracted and not reflectedlight, so its appearance changes according to the time of the day and season ofthe year. Stained glass can be arranged to create a figural design and paintingor set contrasting pieces in a framework like a mosaic.

    Although the British wanted it to resemble church, they had to respect the

    Islamic style that had been used for mosques. Normally, stained glass windowswould depict pictures of religious individuals but in Islam it is highlydiscouraged. It is haram to make illustrations or portrayals of God or theProphets.

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    Ornamentation

    An overall minimalistic building, the mosque does contain certain

    ornamentations, predominantly geometrical patterns but there are tracesof arabesque on plain solid walls. Mosques tend to be simple and

    undecorated. Lavish and extravagant ornaments were dissuaded because

    its considered as boasting. But there are grand mosques in the world that

    were built as a political statement or were converted from churches,

    synagogues and temples.

    In Islamic architecture, geometric patterns are generated from repeating,

    combining, interlacing and arranging simple shapes into differentcombinations to form complex patterns.

    The Royal Mosque of Sultan Sulaiman consists of geometric patterns that

    can be found on the walls and fences of the mosque and on floor tiles in

    the courtyard.

    The ornamentation used was not complex, mostly resembling stars or

    flowers.

    There are also hints of arabesque, an intricate ornament composed ofvegetal and geometric patterns along with calligraphic ornament of an

    inscription.

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    Minaret

    Minarets, or manara, are towers that can be found attaches to the

    mosque. The largest minaret and tallest is placed in the middle of thewalkway, is surrounded by 8 smaller minarets, all adorned with yellow

    domes, were added on after the British colonization.

    The development of minarets in Islamic architecture was influenced by

    several sources, including lighthouses and church towers. Although its

    main function is to give call to prayers and summon Muslims to pray

    there are minarets built tall and lavished with ornamentation as a

    political statement. In the medieval Islamic world, muezzins did the callto prayer from the roof of the mosque but nowadays the calls are made

    through loudspeakers than a muezzin.

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    Domes

    The most obvious elements of the mosque are the domes. Domes

    are elements of architecture that resembles the hollow upper half ofa sphere. It is a common element found in Islamic architecture.

    Figure 2.1 The Domes of Masjid Sultan Sulaiman


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