Heritage built in the Mediterranean - Ordem dos Engenheiros · 2020. 4. 8. · 30 Ramsis st., Cairo...

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EAMC –president office

30 Ramsis st., Cairo – Egypt – Tel. +2 02 2 5 77 57 44 – Mobile NO: +2 011 11 11 63 63

E-mail [email protected] Website: www.eamc-engs.org

Heritage built in the Mediterranean

1- Preface

The region of the Mediterranean has a unique and a special

urban and architectural heritage that has been formed over years.

Such heritage represents a local and international, special legacy

that depicts the features of the Mediterranean civilization in its

prosperous era.

Specialists and individuals concerned with the urban and

architectural legacy of The Mediterranean States are required to

maintain and sustain such legacy and all its aspects razing the

inhabitants' awareness

The significance of the urban and architectural heritage of the

Mediterranean states lies in the fact that such heritage is one of the

essential attributes of the national identity of this region. In this

paper, we will endeavor to review the history of the Mediterranean

region, the fundamental urban heritage that characterizes a number

of the Mediterranean countries, the risks affecting that heritage, we

will also endeavor to protect, keep and sustain it.

mailto:[email protected]





2- The History of the Mediterranean Region

This basin is considered to be the home to the ancient world

such as the Pharaonic, Greek, Byzantine, Carthaginian civilization,

Roman, Arab and Islamic civilizations have all thrived there.

The Mediterranean countries include various countries: European,

African, and Asian countries.

a. Ancient eras

Roman and Phoenician civilizations were among the most prominent

Mediterranean

b. Middle ages

This period is characterized by the Islamic conquests resulting from the

Islamic states

c. Modern Age

The Portuguese Empire, the Spanish Empire and the Italian Empire were

the prevailing empires in that age.

No sooner, had the 19th

century come; the European countries became

Super powers, which started to expand in the Mediterranean and the north

of Africa.






3- Architecture and Urbanism in the Mediterranean States

In the Mediterranean civilizations has always been particularly

rich by heritage buildings through the ages , Some of these buildings are

still present, some need restoration and rehabilitation and the other were

fallen into oblivion.

In this paper, we will briefly provide a Very short and quick overview of

some of the historic cities in the Mediterranean, since we cannot mention all

of them so, we will exemplify by considering 4 European countries and 4 Arab

countries (2 African and 2 Asian).

Examples of urbanism and architecture in Mediterranean Countries

Examples of urbanism and architecture in Mediterranean

Countries

European Countries

1- France

2- Spain

3- Greece

4- Italy

Arab Countries

Africa

Egypt

Tunisia

Asia

Syria

Lebanon






First European countries :

1. France We will take Avignon as model for the Historical Cities in France

2. and For the landmarks, we would like to refer to some examples such as:

Eiffel tower

Palace of Versailles


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Le_Pont_d'Avignon_(cropped).jpg





The Catholic Church (Notre Dame de La

Garde in Marseille)

Abbey of St Victor in

Marseille

Le Pont d'Avignon






3. Spain We will take Toledo as model for the Historical Cities:

For the landmarks, we would like to refer to some examples such as:

The Royal Palace (Royal Treasure):

Church of the Holy Family






The - Mosque / Cathedral

The Alhambra Palace

The - Holy Grail Cathedral or

(St. Mary's Cathedral)

4. Greece: We will take Athens as model for the Historical Cities.






And For the landmarks, we would like to refer to some examples such as:

Acropolis of Athens

Olympia

The Ancient Corinth

The Archeological Museum

Knossos Palace






5. Italy We will take City of Florence as model for the Historical Cities:


Pisa tower

Doge's Palace






Napoli Castle (Castel Nuovo)

Cagliari (the Ancient Nora),

The Colosseum in Roma

St. Peter's Church






Second: Arab Countries

We will consider 2 African countries and other 2 Asian countries from the

countries located along the Mediterranean Sea.

1- Egypt We Will take Cairo as model for the Historical Cities


Giza Pyramids in Cairo

Abu Simbel Temples in Aswan






Citadel of Salah Al Din, Cairo

Khan Al-Khaleeli

2- Tunisia We will take Kairouan as model for the Historical Cities







The University of Al-Zaytoonah

The ancient Tunisian palaces and markets

3- Syria We will take Damascus as model for the Historical Cities







The Citadel of Aleppo

Citadel of Homs

The Castle of Salah Ed-Din

and also known as Sahyun

Castle






Rusafa Castle in Raqqa

4- Lebanon We Will take City of Byblos as model for the Historical Cities






For the landmarks, we would like to refer to some examples:

In Baalbeck - the Temple of

Bacchus

Tripoli Castle

The Chamaa Citadel






4- The Dangers affecting The Mediterranean Sea heritage

Such heritage is jeopardized by different natural factors and manmade

factors in addition to the dangers are resulted from the deliberate and

accidental negligence.

4-1 - natural factors

- the rise of sea-level because of the milting of ice causing the rise of

water levels

- global warming

- land subsidence

- Coastal erosion

- Earthquakes and volcanoes.

4-2-Manmade factors

- Gross Negligence of the various sites and leaving it vulnerable to

erosion and collapse, this may be deliberately and systemically.

- Owners of many areas who do not appreciate the value of heritage and

favoring earning money by changing it into commercial and residential

buildings.

- Governments that turn historical places to ministries or business center

- mass tourism

- Terrorism and Military aggression which destroyed a lot of historical

buildings.

5- Protecting and maintaining the architectural heritage

Protecting and maintaining something is considered a token of the

importance that such thing carries. The same goes to the architectural

heritage, thus the intervention to protect and preserve historic buildings is

divided into different levels starting from protection until the process of






rebuilding. The level of the required intervention is determined by the state

of the building, the reason for the damage or even its future use. However,

it is not necessary to use all levels of intervention in each building.

1. Protection

2. Preservation

3. Reinforcement

4. Restoration

5. Rehabilitation

6. Reconstitution

7. Rebuilding

6- Conclusion

- This paper gives glimpse at the architectural heritage of the

Mediterranean region.

- This heritage has been exposed by both natural and manmade

factors that led to affecting it.

- Highlight the importance of heritage buildings and preserve

them through all media means.

- Putting Legislation and specific controls or other measures

might be considered, and Tourists to be obliged to follow

these controls when visiting these heritage buildings.

- It is necessary to pass legislations to protect this valued

heritage in addition to document it precisely.

- UNESCO in cooperation with the concerned countries should

assume its responsibility to protect, document and maintain

the architectural heritage.


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Heritage built in the Mediterranean - Ordem dos Engenheiros · 2020. 4. 8. · 30 Ramsis st., Cairo...

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