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Gate Bagh-e-Mullah Shah(Documentation + conservation Proposals)
August 2013
Community Support By
Syed Mubarik Ali Shah Gillani
Technical Support By
Kamil Khan Mumtaz Architects18-A, Street C, Upper Mall Scheme, Lahore- [email protected](92-42)35713322,35758252
LAHORE
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Acknowledgements
Kamil Khan Mumtaz (Project Director)Syed M. Mehdi (Project Coordinator)
Faiza Mehmood (Internee)M. Ibrahim Saeed (Internee)
Neha Fatima Inayat (Internee)Nouman Tufail (Internee)
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
DARA SHIKOH
Dara Shikoh (1615-1659) was the eldest son of
Emperor Shahjahan and designated crown prince.
Unlike his father, grandfather, and great-grandfather,
Dara Shikoh seemed not only to engage saints in his
service but also to submit himself in their guidance.
It is said that when Dara was in his youth he became
quite ill and none could cure him, he was then taken to
Lahore to visit Hazrat Mian Mir. He soon recovered
after his visit and credited his recovery to the saint.
Later in 1639 AD Dara Shikoh and his sister Princess
Jehanara were both initiated into the sufi order by
Mullah Shah Badakshi, who became the successor to
Hazrat Mian Mir after his death.
Prince Dara ShikohSource: Wikipedia
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Dara believed that the mystical traditions of both
Hinduism and Islam spoke of the same truth. Among
his many literary works are the translations of the
Hindu Upanishads from Sanskrit to Persian.
He also had a great influence on the urban
environment of Lahore. He realigned the main road
from Lahore to Delhi away from Shalimar back onto its
original route. It now passed through Lahore’s spiritual
center, the burial site of Hazrat Mian Mir. Dara started
the construction of a tomb over Hazrat Mian Mir’s burial
site but was murdered before it could be complete.
Aurangzeb used the materials that Dara had collected
and saw to it that the tomb was completed. After the
death of Mullah Shah, Princess Jehanara had a garden
tomb constructed for him next to the shrine of his
spiritual leader, Hazrat Mian Mir.
Shah Jehan with his son Dara Shikohca 1620Source: Metropolitan Museum of Art
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HAZRAT MIAN MIR
Hazrat Mian Mir, originally named Shaikh Muhammad,
was born in Sistan in approx. 1550 A.D. He belonged to
the Qadiri order of Sufism. Hazrat Mian Mir never went
through a formal religious education, but was taught
mystic disciplines by his mother. At the age of 12, the
young mystic went into the jungles to practice self-
mortification where he became the disciple of Shayk
Khizer. Later, Hazrat Mian Mir studied religion under
Maulana Sadullah, an outstanding scholar of Lahore.
Hazrat Mian Mir shunned fame and worldly gain and
preferred to stay in seclusion, often retreating to the
forest during the day and retiring to his cell at night. In
his biography of Hazrat Mian Mir, Dara Shikoh records
that the mystic never slept at night and for several years
used only two breaths from night till sunrise.
Hazrat Mian Mir
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While on his way to Kashmir from Sirhind in 1620 AD,
Emperor Jehangir heard of this Sufi saint and invited
him to his royal camp. Hazrat Mian Mir visited the camp
and left quite an impression on Jehangir with his
spiritual discourse. Emperor Shahjehan called twice on
Hazrat Mian mir at his home at Lahore. Despite
attention from rulers, the mystic remained aloof from
worldly authorities. Prince Dara Shikoh was introduced
to the Shaykh through his disciple Mullah Shah.
Hazrat Mian Mir holds a pivotal rank in Sikh history for
laying the foundation stone of the Haramandir Sahab at
the Golden Temple in Amritsar, upon the request of
Guru Ram Das. Hazrat Mian Mir died in 1653 AD and
was buried in Lahore. He continues to be venerated by
followers of the Islamic and Sikh faith.Hazrat Mian Mir and Dara
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MULLAH SHAH BADAKSHANI
Shah Muhammad, affectionately called Mullah Shah
belonged to the village of Arkasai, in Badhakshan, where
he completed his early education.While travelling to
Lahore, Mullah Shah heard of Hazrat Mian Mir and
sought a meeting with the famous mystic. Later he
became the most prominent of Hazrat Mian Mir’s
disciples.
Mullah Shah lived a hard life of self-mortification and
remained a celibate. He never cooked anything in his
house and did not even light a lamp during the night. He
practiced meditation with breath control, even during the
severest Kashmir winters and taught these practices to
disciples including the Crown Prince Dara Shikoh. Dara
creditated his spiritual progression to the blessing of
Mullah Shah.
In 1540 AD, Emperor Shahjehan invited Mullah Shah to
the palace in 1640 AD, seeking his spiritual guidance.
Dara Shikoh with Mian Mir and Mulla Shahca. 1640Source: Smithsonian Institution
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The same year Prince Dara and Princess Jehanara
became disciples of Mullah Shah. It took a great deal of
persuasion for the Master to agree to initiate the children
of the royal family into the Qadri Order.
Shahjehan, Dara and Jehanara continued to meet
Mullah Shah regularly, both in Kashmir and in Lahore.
He renamed the Chashm e Shahi Gardens to Chashm e
Shahiba, after Jehanara’s title of Begum Shaiba.
Following Dara’s death, Aurangzeb launched an
attack on everyone who was close to him. He
decreed that Mullah Shah be brought to Delhi. but
the mystic could not travel on account of ill health.
Jehanara pleaded with Aurangzeb to excuse her
spiritual Master. Aurangzeb ordered Mullah Shah to
leave Kashmir and move to Lahore. where he lived
in the house assigned to him by Shahjehan.Shuja, Aurangzeb, and Murad Bakhshca 1637Source British Museum
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SOCIETYHISTORICAL BACKGROUND
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Location of Site on Map of Lahore
Jehanara arranged for one of her personal servantsto look after him. When Mullah Shah died in 1666, hewas buried close to the tomb of Mian Mir. Jehanarahad a red sandstone mausoleum built over his grave.adding a beautiful garden in the compound .
At the corner of the prominent mosque (see map), abrick gateway distinguishes the street where thisimportant saint, hailing from Badakhshan lies buried.Traversing the narrow street on foot. it is best to askfor the Durbar of Mulla Shah, for it is difficult todistinguish the entrance in the mass of structuresabutting it.
As you enter the doorway. a narrow passage leadsyou to a small courtyard, which is dominated by thesquare tomb of the saint. On its north is a smallverandah which leads to a small mosque.
THE GATE SEAL
This gate is located to the North wall of garden that had
been build by Dora Shikoh 1047 A.H .
This garden is the part of Hazrat Mullah Shah tomb.
A wall was located on the four sides of the garden which
measures four and a half yards,length 120 yards width
120 yards.
There were four minarates on the four corners of the
garden out of which only one still exists. The whole was
made of red sandstone. People got settled inside the
garden for the first time out of the fear of foreign attacks
in the reign of Sikhs. Nowadays the garden is known as
Mian Mir village.
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SOCIETYHISTORICAL BACKGROUND
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SOCIETYSITE LOCATION
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SOCIETYCEILING PLAN
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SOCIETYROOF PLAN
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SOCIETYNORTH ELEVATION
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SOCIETYSOUTH ELEVATION
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SOCIETYSECTION BB’
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SOCIETYSECTION AA’
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SOCIETYDECORATIVE BRICK WORK
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SOCIETYDETAILED DRAWINGS
Plan
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SOCIETYDETAILED DRAWINGS
Ceiling Plan
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SOCIETYDETAILED DRAWINGS
Roof Plan
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SOCIETYDETAILED DRAWINGS
North Elevation
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SOCIETYDETAILED DRAWINGS
South Elevation
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SOCIETYDETAILED DRAWINGS
Section AA’
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SOCIETYDETAILED DRAWINGS
Section BB’
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SOCIETYCAUSES OF DECAY
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SOCIETYPROPOSALS
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Ceiling Plan
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SOCIETYPROPOSALS
Roof Plan
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SOCIETYPROPOSALS
Roof Plan
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SOCIETYPROPOSALS
North Elevation
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SOCIETYPROPOSALS
South Elevation
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SOCIETYPROPOSALS
Section AA’
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SOCIETYPROPOSALS
Section BB’
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SOCIETYPROPOSALS (Mud Wash)
Ceiling Plan
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SOCIETYPROPOSALS (Mud Wash)
North Elevation
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SOCIETYPROPOSALS (Mud Wash)
South Elevation
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SOCIETYPROPOSALS (Mud Wash)
Section AA’
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Section BB’
References:
Sufism: The heart of IslamBy Dehlvi Sadia
Mughal Gardens: Sources, Places, Representations, and ProspectsEdited by James L. Wescoat, Joachim Wolschke-BulmahnSacred Spaces: A Journey with the Sufis of the IndusBy Samina QuraeshiThe Oxford History of IslamEdited by John L. Esposito
Community Support By
Syed Mubarik Ali Shah Gillani
Technical Support By
Kamil Khan Mumtaz Architects18-A, Street C, Upper Mall Scheme, Lahore- [email protected](92-42)35713322,35758252
Acknowledgements
Kamil Khan Mumtaz (Project Director)Syed M. Mehdi (Project Coordinator)
Faiza Mehmood (Internee)M. Ibrahim Saeed (Internee)
Neha Fatima Inayat (Internee)Nouman Tufail (Internee)
LAHORE
CONSERVATION
SOCIETY