Heritage SitesHeritage Sites

What is it?What is it?

The image above is the flag of Quebec The image above is the flag of Quebec city.city.

The flag of Quebec city has a blue and The flag of Quebec city has a blue and white background, with a gold ship in the white background, with a gold ship in the center.center.

The The blue and whiteblue and white are standard colors are standard colors which represent the which represent the king of Franceking of France, at , at the time.the time.

The gold ship is the “The gold ship is the “Don de Dieu,Don de Dieu,” ” which belonged to which belonged to Samuel de Samuel de Champlain. Champlain.

What is a Heritage site?What is a Heritage site?

United Nations Educational, Scientific, United Nations Educational, Scientific, Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is responsible for giving heritage site status.responsible for giving heritage site status.

A heritage site is any natural or A heritage site is any natural or cultural area that represents the cultural area that represents the values, history, or traditions of a values, history, or traditions of a group of peoplegroup of people..

Once a site is given Heritage status, Once a site is given Heritage status, measures are take to ensure its measures are take to ensure its protection. protection.

What counts as a What counts as a Heritage Site?Heritage Site?

There are several criteria that are used to There are several criteria that are used to classify a heritage site.classify a heritage site.

1) The community recognizes the property 1) The community recognizes the property are representative and significant.are representative and significant.

2) The property illustrates an important 2) The property illustrates an important period in human historyperiod in human history

3) Provides evidence of an important 3) Provides evidence of an important exchange of influences among peoplesexchange of influences among peoples

4) Represents a masterpiece of human 4) Represents a masterpiece of human creative genius.creative genius.

5) Provides excellent evidence of a cultural 5) Provides excellent evidence of a cultural tradition or of a civilization, present or past. tradition or of a civilization, present or past.

Types of Heritage sitesTypes of Heritage sites

Heritage sites could be Cultural (man Heritage sites could be Cultural (man made), Natural, or a mix of the twomade), Natural, or a mix of the two..

Since UNESCO’s creation Since UNESCO’s creation 851851 properties properties have been given heritage site status.have been given heritage site status.

Canada has 14 heritage sitesCanada has 14 heritage sites. . For our classes we will be looking at For our classes we will be looking at

Vieux Quebec and Paris.Vieux Quebec and Paris.

Cultural Heritage SitesCultural Heritage Sites

MonumentsMonuments: statues, paintings and : statues, paintings and drawings, other architectural works.drawings, other architectural works.

Groups of BuildingsGroups of Buildings that are of the that are of the same age, look, or have historical/cultural same age, look, or have historical/cultural merit.merit.

Mixture Mixture of man made and nature: of man made and nature: archaeological sites. archaeological sites.

Natural Heritage sitesNatural Heritage sites

Natural features which include Natural features which include biological and physicalbiological and physical components components (parts).(parts).

Geological and physiographicalGeological and physiographical (natural land and rock formations) (natural land and rock formations) sites.sites.

Common PropertyCommon Property Every city has some heritage value.Every city has some heritage value. This heritage could be in the form of This heritage could be in the form of

monuments, natural landscapes, or cultural monuments, natural landscapes, or cultural traditions.traditions.

Common property means that these sites Common property means that these sites belong to everyone. Everyone has the belong to everyone. Everyone has the means and the right to appreciate these means and the right to appreciate these landmarkslandmarks

These landmarks are a symbol of a certain These landmarks are a symbol of a certain community. community.

A brief History of QuebecA brief History of Quebec Quebec was founded in Quebec was founded in 1608 by Samuel de 1608 by Samuel de

ChamplainChamplain, in the name of the king of France., in the name of the king of France. The original site of Quebec was located beside The original site of Quebec was located beside

the the St. Lawrence River at the foot of a high St. Lawrence River at the foot of a high cliff.cliff.

Quebec was originally used as a Quebec was originally used as a fur tradingfur trading post.post.

The word Quebec comes from the Algonquin The word Quebec comes from the Algonquin word word KebecKebec, which means “, which means “where the river where the river narrowsnarrows.” .”

This year Quebec will be celebrating This year Quebec will be celebrating its its 400400thth anniversary (1608-2008). anniversary (1608-2008).

Along with being a fur trading post, Along with being a fur trading post, Quebec was also used as a Quebec was also used as a fortfort by by the French army.the French army.

This explains why Vieux Quebec is This explains why Vieux Quebec is surrounded by surrounded by rampartsramparts (Ramparts=walls).(Ramparts=walls).

Vieux Quebec: A Tourist Vieux Quebec: A Tourist AttractionAttraction

Quebec is Quebec is one of theone of the oldest European oldest European settlements in North Americasettlements in North America..

Vieux Quebec is the Vieux Quebec is the only walled city north of only walled city north of MexicoMexico. The walls were started by the French . The walls were started by the French and finished in the 19and finished in the 19thth century by the British. century by the British.

Vieux Quebec is reminiscent of a small Vieux Quebec is reminiscent of a small European village.European village.

Tourists come to see the Tourists come to see the different different architecturearchitecture and richly decorated buildings. and richly decorated buildings.

The The magnificent viewsmagnificent views of the St. of the St. Lawrence and from various lookout Lawrence and from various lookout points also draw tourists. points also draw tourists.

The old The old French signsFrench signs add to the illusion add to the illusion of being in Europe.of being in Europe.

Vieux Quebec attracts roughly Vieux Quebec attracts roughly 5 million5 million visitors in the visitors in the summersummer months alone. months alone.

In the winter time Vieux Quebec is In the winter time Vieux Quebec is equally popular. Tourists also come for equally popular. Tourists also come for the Winter Carnival. the Winter Carnival.

The image above is an aerial drawing of The image above is an aerial drawing of the Citadel of Quebec.the Citadel of Quebec.

The Citadel is one of the most important The Citadel is one of the most important fortifications built under British rule.fortifications built under British rule.

The The original siteoriginal site was built by the was built by the FrenchFrench before the outbreak of the before the outbreak of the Seven Years Seven Years war, 1756-1763war, 1756-1763 (Brit. Vs. Fra.). (Brit. Vs. Fra.).

Once the war was over, the British took Once the war was over, the British took over the site. They repaired the French over the site. They repaired the French buildings and built outer walls.buildings and built outer walls.

The The outer wallsouter walls were started in were started in 18201820 and took and took over 30 yearsover 30 years to complete. to complete.

Positive effects of Positive effects of TourismTourism

What are some of the positive effects of What are some of the positive effects of tourism on Vieux Quebec?tourism on Vieux Quebec?

1.1. Tourism brings in large sums of money Tourism brings in large sums of money into Quebec.into Quebec.

2.2. Increases jobs in and around Vieux Increases jobs in and around Vieux Quebec.Quebec.

3.3. Boosts economy.Boosts economy.

Negative effects of Negative effects of TourismTourism

What are some of the negative effects of What are some of the negative effects of tourism on Vieux Quebec?tourism on Vieux Quebec?

1.1. Vieux Quebec has lost a majority of its Vieux Quebec has lost a majority of its permanent residents. They have moved permanent residents. They have moved to the more peaceful suburbs.to the more peaceful suburbs.

2.2. Very difficult to navigate the small Very difficult to navigate the small streets. The streets were not built for streets. The streets were not built for cars. This causes a lot of traffic. cars. This causes a lot of traffic.

3.3. No parking in Vieux Quebec due to the No parking in Vieux Quebec due to the small streets.small streets.

4.4. A lot of noise.A lot of noise.

5.5. Since Vieux Quebec is mostly used by Since Vieux Quebec is mostly used by tourists, businesses like grocery stores tourists, businesses like grocery stores have left. This forces the remaining have left. This forces the remaining residents to shop elsewhere.residents to shop elsewhere.

6.6. Very high prices in stores.Very high prices in stores.

7.7. Residents cannot remodel their homes Residents cannot remodel their homes without approval.without approval.

Some SolutionsSome Solutions

What would be some solutions to the What would be some solutions to the problems mentioned?problems mentioned?

1.1. Make Vieux Quebec for pedestrians only.Make Vieux Quebec for pedestrians only.

2.2. Outlaw buses in Vieux Quebec.Outlaw buses in Vieux Quebec.

3.3. Underground parking nearby.Underground parking nearby.

The image above is the Arc de Triomphe in The image above is the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.Paris.

The The Arc de TriompheArc de Triomphe is one of Paris’ is one of Paris’ heritage sites.heritage sites.

This arc was built to This arc was built to commemorate French commemorate French military victoriesmilitary victories..

NapoleonNapoleon commissioned (paid for) the arc in commissioned (paid for) the arc in 18061806 and was finished in and was finished in 18361836..

The arc was The arc was first given heritage site status first given heritage site status in 1981in 1981. .

The arc is The arc is 51 meters (165 ft) in height, 51 meters (165 ft) in height, 45 meters (148 ft) wide and 22 meters (72 ft) 45 meters (148 ft) wide and 22 meters (72 ft) deep. deep.

A brief history of ParisA brief history of Paris Paris is France’s Paris is France’s capital and largest citycapital and largest city.. Historians believe that Paris has been Historians believe that Paris has been

inhabited since inhabited since 4200 BCE4200 BCE.. The first people were The first people were CeltsCelts.. Since its founding modern day Paris has Since its founding modern day Paris has

been ruled by the Romans, Gauls, Vikings, been ruled by the Romans, Gauls, Vikings, and many Kings.and many Kings.

The French revolution gave control of the The French revolution gave control of the country to the people in 1799.country to the people in 1799.

Since the Since the EnlightenmentEnlightenment Paris has Paris has been the cultural and philosophical been the cultural and philosophical center of Europe.center of Europe.

During the During the Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution, Paris , Paris led the way in the development of many led the way in the development of many technological advances.technological advances.

Today Paris is considered a “Today Paris is considered a “world world citycity.”.”

It remains the cultural, artistic, fashion It remains the cultural, artistic, fashion capital of Europe. capital of Europe.

Paris’ flag is Paris’ flag is blue and redblue and red. It was Paris’ . It was Paris’ flag that inspired the Revolutionaries to flag that inspired the Revolutionaries to adopt the Tri-color flag for France.adopt the Tri-color flag for France.

Heritage Sites in ParisHeritage Sites in Paris FranceFrance has has 31 official heritage sites31 official heritage sites

and many more up for consideration.and many more up for consideration. Of these 31 Of these 31 Paris has 10Paris has 10.. Most of France’s and Most of France’s and all of Paris’ all of Paris’

sites are culturalsites are cultural. (not natural or . (not natural or mixed)mixed)

These sites draw millions of tourists These sites draw millions of tourists every year.every year.

Positive effects of TourismPositive effects of Tourism

What are some of the positive effects of What are some of the positive effects of tourism on Paris?tourism on Paris?

1.1. Tourism brings in large sums of money Tourism brings in large sums of money into Paris.into Paris.

2.2. Increases jobs in and around Paris.Increases jobs in and around Paris.3.3. Ranks Paris as one of the world’s most Ranks Paris as one of the world’s most

“cutting edge” cities in terms of culture, “cutting edge” cities in terms of culture, economics, and science.economics, and science.

4.4. Recognition as a “World City”Recognition as a “World City”5.5. Growing Population.Growing Population.

Negative effects of TourismNegative effects of TourismWhat are some of the negative effects of What are some of the negative effects of

tourism on Paris?tourism on Paris?

1.1. Higher levels of pollution.Higher levels of pollution.2.2. A lot of noise.A lot of noise.3.3. Very dense traffic and lack of parking.Very dense traffic and lack of parking.4.4. Very high prices in stores.Very high prices in stores.5.5. Overcrowding of popular public spaces Overcrowding of popular public spaces

and cultural attractions. and cultural attractions.

The image above is the Dresden Elbe Valley The image above is the Dresden Elbe Valley in Germany.in Germany.

The The Dresden Elbe Valley, GermanyDresden Elbe Valley, Germany is a is a cultural heritage site.cultural heritage site.

It received its status due to its many historic It received its status due to its many historic 1818thth and 19 and 19thth century buildings. century buildings.

It obtained heritage site status in 2004.It obtained heritage site status in 2004. This site was in danger of loosing it’s This site was in danger of loosing it’s

heritage site status. It is now safe.heritage site status. It is now safe. This was due to growth in the size of the This was due to growth in the size of the

surrounding cities and new building projects.surrounding cities and new building projects.

Heritage Sites in DangerHeritage Sites in Danger To become a world heritage site a To become a world heritage site a

property must meet a property must meet a certain set of certain set of standardsstandards..

To maintain this status the property must To maintain this status the property must be in the be in the same conditionsame condition (look/surrounding areas) when it was (look/surrounding areas) when it was given its status.given its status.

If its If its condition changescondition changes a heritage site a heritage site may be placed on the may be placed on the danger listdanger list. .

The danger list is meant to The danger list is meant to create create awareness and push governments and awareness and push governments and other cultural groups to take actionother cultural groups to take action..

A site A site can be taken offcan be taken off the danger list if it the danger list if it is restored to its condition at the time its is restored to its condition at the time its status was given.status was given.

In total there are In total there are 31 sites31 sites all over the world all over the world that are in danger.that are in danger.

Since UNESCO began only one property Since UNESCO began only one property has lost its heritage site status, has lost its heritage site status, The The Arabian Oryx Sanctuary in OmanArabian Oryx Sanctuary in Oman. .

Sources of DangerSources of Danger Dangers could be “Dangers could be “ascertainedascertained” (happening ” (happening

or about to happen) or “or about to happen) or “potentialpotential” (could ” (could happen.happen.

Sources of danger to heritage sites include:Sources of danger to heritage sites include:

1)1) War/armed conflictWar/armed conflict

2)2) Earthquakes/natural disastersEarthquakes/natural disasters

3)3) PollutionPollution

4)4) Poaching (stealing)Poaching (stealing)

5)5) Uncontrolled city growthUncontrolled city growth

6)6) Uncontrolled tourismUncontrolled tourism

What can you do?What can you do? There are There are no heritage sites in North no heritage sites in North

America that are in dangerAmerica that are in danger.. However, the loss of any heritage sites is a However, the loss of any heritage sites is a

global issueglobal issue.. Maintaining and protecting heritage sites is Maintaining and protecting heritage sites is

a a government responsibilitygovernment responsibility.. People could start People could start foundations, petitions, foundations, petitions,

and raise moneyand raise money to help protect to help protect endangered sites. endangered sites.

Can a city have heritage Can a city have heritage sites and be modern at the sites and be modern at the

same time?same time?

Can a city develop without Can a city develop without destroying heritage sites?destroying heritage sites?