Herman G.J. Smit/FZJ-COST723-WG-I Overview Noordwijk-11-13 March 2004

COST723-WG1- Working Group I: Data and Measurement Techniques Overview

Herman G.J. Smit Research Centre Jülich, Institute for Chemisty and Dynamics of the Geosphere: Troposphere (ICG-II),

P.O. Box 1913, 52428 Juelich, Germany (Email: h.smit@fz-juelich.de)

Objectives WG1:

• Collecting of observational data of key parameter

• Data access

• Assessment of data & techniques of observations

Herman G.J. Smit/FZJ-COST723-WG-I Overview Noordwijk-11-13 March 2004

COST723-WG1: Collecting of data of key parameter (1)

Key parameter are ???

Identification (September 2001) of:

• Humidity

• Ozone

• Temperature

• Pressure

Elaborate at this Workshop with requirements from WG 2&3

Herman G.J. Smit/FZJ-COST723-WG-I Overview Noordwijk-11-13 March 2004

COST723-WG1: Collecting of data of key parameter (2)

Observation platforms are ???

Ground based:

• Balloon sondes

• Remote sensing

Set up Inventory at this Workshop

Aircraft:

• In-situ

• Remote sensing

Satellites:

• Remote sensing

Herman G.J. Smit/FZJ-COST723-WG-I Overview Noordwijk-11-13 March 2004

Data access already on-line available???

On-line available:

Documentation data access

Not on-line available:

Create data base for on-line access

Elaborate at this Workshop

•Data Protocoll

•Documentation of data usage

COST723-WG1: Collecting of data of key parameter (4)

Herman G.J. Smit/FZJ-COST723-WG-I Overview Noordwijk-11-13 March 2004

Assessment of ???

Instrumentation & Data sets

Documentation of

• Techniques

• Sampling

• Precision &Accuracy

Action plan at this Workshop

Data Quality

Comparability of data from different platforms through:

• Cross validation of data sets

• In-situ intercomparisons

• Is there a standard data set

COST723-WG1: Assessment of Data & Techniques (1)

Herman G.J. Smit/FZJ-COST723-WG-I Overview Noordwijk-11-13 March 2004

COST723-WG1: Assessment of Data & Techniques (2)

State of the Art for Ozone and Water Vapor: SPARC-Assessments

SPARC Assessment of Upper Tropospheric and

Stratospheric Water Vapour 2000

STRATOSPHERIC PROCESSESAND THEIR ROLE IN CLIMATE

SPARCA project of the WMO/ICSU/IOC

World Climate Research Programme

SPARC/IOC/GAWAssessment of Trends in the Vertical Distribution of Ozone

May 1998

Edited by N. Harris, R. Hudson and C. Phillips

SPARC Report No.1. WMO Ozone Research andMonitoring Project Report No. 43

SPARC/IOC/GAWAssessment of Trends in the Vertical Distribution of Ozone

May 1998

Edited by N. Harris, R. Hudson and C. Phillips

SPARC Report No.1. WMO Ozone Research andMonitoring Project Report No. 43

Herman G.J. Smit/FZJ-COST723-WG-I Overview Noordwijk-11-13 March 2004

Chapter 1: Instrumentation and Data Sets

Chapter 2: Data Quality

Chapter 3: Distribution and Variability of H2O in UT and Stratosphere

SPARC Assessment of Upper Tropospheric and

Stratospheric Water Vapour 2000

However:

• Strong Focus on Stratosphere

• Lack of reliable H2O in UT/LS

Herman G.J. Smit/FZJ-COST723-WG-I Overview Noordwijk-11-13 March 2004

SPARC Assessment of Upper Tropospheric and Stratospheric Water Vapour 2000

Herman G.J. Smit/FZJ-COST723-WG-I Overview Noordwijk-11-13 March 2004

MOZAIC-UTH: Comparison with MLS/UARS Satellite

MLS observe no ice super saturation (retrieval and/or limited horizontal resolution) MLS lower than MOZAIC (Slope=0.64)

Large variations due to Atmospheric variability & Limited resolution of MLS (Z=4-5 km)

Source: Read et al., UARS Microwave Limb Sounder upper tropospheric humidity measurement: Method and validation, J. Geophys. Res., 2000

Coincidence criterion: 1º x 1º x 1 km x 3 hTotal: 384 Coincidences Aug.1994-Dec.1997

Herman G.J. Smit/FZJ-COST723-WG-I Overview Noordwijk-11-13 March 2004

MOZAIC-UTH: Comparison with POEM III Satellite

POEM III= Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement III satellite operational since April 1998 Good agreement POEM with MOZAIC (Slope=0.98)

Large variations due to Atmospheric variability & Limited resolution of POEM (X=250 km)

Source: Nedoluha et al., POAM III measurements of water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower most stratosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 2002

Coincidence criterion: 2.5º x 2.5º x 1 km x 6 hTotal: 200 Coincidences April 1998-Feb.2000

Slope = 0.98 (r=0.70)Offset= 3.6 ppmv

0 200100 300 400

200

100

300

400

POEM-UTH (ppmv)

MO

ZA

IC-U

TH

(pp

mv)

Herman G.J. Smit/FZJ-COST723-WG-I Overview Noordwijk-11-13 March 2004

Coincidence in Time and Space (1): Water Vapor Variability Versus Horizontal Scale

FISH-Lyman()

CRISTA-Satellite

CRISTA-Satellite

Z=12.5 km

Lat.35o-45oN

Source:

Offermann et al.

J. Geophys.Res., 107, 2002

Herman G.J. Smit/FZJ-COST723-WG-I Overview Noordwijk-11-13 March 2004

Coincidence in Time and Space (2): CRISTA versus FISH

Pressure: 160-280 hPaX 200 km ; t 2 hoursN = 413 , Corr.Coef=0.93

Pressure: 175-225 hPaX 50 km ; t 2 hoursN = 28 , Corr.Coef=0.97

Source: Offermann et al. J. Geophys.Res., 107, 2002

Source: Offermann et al. J. Geophys.Res., 107, 2002

Herman G.J. Smit/FZJ-COST723-WG-I Overview Noordwijk-11-13 March 2004

Coincidence in Time and Space (3): CRISTA versus CRISTA (Eigen Scatter)

Source: Offermann et al. J. Geophys.Res., 107, 2002

Pressure: 215 hPa ; X 400 km ; t 2 hours ;Shaded Area is instrumental noise (11%)

Herman G.J. Smit/FZJ-COST723-WG-I Overview Noordwijk-11-13 March 2004

RS80-Humicap-A: Comparison UTH with MOZAIC

Radiosounding station Lindenberg at 14.1oE, 52.2oN Coindence less than (1 hour ; 2 degree lat. & long. ; ZAC +/-250m )

Vergleich Flugzeug-Radiosonde

y = 1.107x + 6.5575

y = 0.9306x + 10.325

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 20 40 60 80 100

rH[%] Radiosonde

rH[%

] M

OZA

IC U_min

U_max

Linear (U_min)

Linear (U_max)

RH by Radiosonde (RS80-A, Corrected after MOL) [%]

RH

by

MO

ZA

IC [

%]

RS80-A are corrected at low temperatures after method of normalized frequencies developed by Leiterer at MOL/DWD:: http://www.metoffice.com/research/interproj/radiosonde/reports/index.html

Vergleich Flugzeug-Radiosonde

y = 1.107x + 6.5575

y = 0.9306x + 10.325

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 20 40 60 80 100

rH[%] Radiosonde

rH[%

] M

OZA

IC U_min

U_max

Linear (U_min)

Linear (U_max)

RH by Radiosonde (RS80-A, Corrected after MOL) [%]

RH

by

MO

ZA

IC [

%]

RS80-A are corrected at low temperatures after method of normalized frequencies developed by Leiterer at MOL/DWD:: http://www.metoffice.com/research/interproj/radiosonde/reports/index.html

Herman G.J. Smit/FZJ-COST723-WG-I Overview Noordwijk-11-13 March 2004

Targeted Variables IGACO

Group 1&

Group 2

CH4

CO2

aerosol optical properties

active halogens: BrO, ClO, OClOreservoir species: HCl, ClONO2sources: CH3Br, CFC-12, CFC-11, HCFC-22

SO2

active nitrogen: NOx = NO+NO2reservoir species: HNO3

C2H6

HCHO

H2O (water vapour)

UV-B j(O3)

UV-A j(NO2)

CO

O3

Stratospheric Ozone Depletion

ClimateOxidation Capacity

Air Quality

Chemical species

CH4

CO2

aerosol optical properties

active halogens: BrO, ClO, OClOreservoir species: HCl, ClONO2sources: CH3Br, CFC-12, CFC-11, HCFC-22

SO2

active nitrogen: NOx = NO+NO2reservoir species: HNO3

C2H6

HCHO

H2O (water vapour)

UV-B j(O3)

UV-A j(NO2)

CO

O3

Stratospheric Ozone Depletion

ClimateOxidation Capacity

Air Quality

Chemical species

1. Global Water Cycle2. Ocean3. Global Carbon Cycle4. Atmospheric Chemistry

(IGACO)

1. Global Water Cycle2. Ocean3. Global Carbon Cycle4. Atmospheric Chemistry

(IGACO)

Integrated Global Atmospheric Chemistry Observations IGACOAs part of IGOS = Integrated Global Observing Strategy

Herman G.J. Smit/FZJ-COST723-WG-I Overview Noordwijk-11-13 March 2004

Observed Variable: An overview of satellite, ground-based and aircraft measurements for H2OWATER VAPOUR C=column

P=profileCOMPONENT 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

SatelliteADEOS POLDER 96 CADEOS 2 AMSR 03 CADEOS 2 POLDER2 03 CADEOS 2 GLI 03 CAQUA MODIS 02 CAQUA AMSR-E 02 CAQUA AIRS 02 PAURA HIRLDS 04 PAURA MLS 04 PAURA TES 04 PDMSP SSM/I CDNSP SSMIS 99 CENVISAT MIPAS 02 PENVISAT MERIS 02 CENVISAT SCIAMACHY 02 CERBS SAGEII 84 PMETEOR-3M SAGE III 02 PMETOP MHS 05 CMETOP IASI 05 PMETOP AMSU-A 05 CNOAA HIRS C B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B BNPOESS CRIS P B B B B B B B B B BNPOESS ATMS PNPP CRIS PNPP ATMS PSCISAT ACE 03 PSPOT 2 POAM PSPOT 3 POAM II 93 PSPOT 4 POAM III 98 PTERRA MODIS 99 CTRMM TMI 97 C ?UARS MLS 91 PUARS HALOE 91 PUARS CLAES 91 P

Non-Satellite GlobalSurface in situ B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B BSurface total columnFTIRSurface total column MicrowaveSurface vertical profileLidar ?Balloon vertical profile >5kmBalloon vertical profile <5 km B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B

AircraftMOSAIC

Assimilation Model B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B

Measurement 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

DEMONSTRATIONPRE-OPERATIONAL Data available in near real timeOPERATIONAL B Data available in near real time and replacement guaranteed by agencyPROPOSED

IGACO-Theme Report (Draft January 2004): Time Line Water VaporIntegrated Global Atmospheric Chemistry Observations System

Herman G.J. Smit/FZJ-COST723-WG-I Overview Noordwijk-11-13 March 2004

LAUTLOS: Hygrometer intercomparison campaign at Sodankylä, February 2004 Table 2. Hygrometer payload (Medium meteorological balloons) NOAA chilled mirror hygrometer with RS80 radiosonde 1700 g Flash alpha-lyman hygrometer with RS80 radiosonde 980 g Snow White chilled mirror research radiosonde 900 g FN-radiosonde of Lindenberg Observatory 240 g Vaisala RS-92 digital radiosonde 180 g GPS device 300 g Battery package 400 g Kevlar-Carbonfibre frame; 400 g

Total 5100 g

Herman G.J. Smit/FZJ-COST723-WG-I Overview Noordwijk-11-13 March 2004

Herman G.J. Smit/FZJ-COST723-WG-I Overview Noordwijk-11-13 March 2004

Herman G.J. Smit/FZJ-COST723-WG-I Overview Noordwijk-11-13 March 2004

Observed Variable: LS=Lower stratosphere An Overview of satellite, ground-based and aircraft measurements for stratospheric O 3

Statospheric Ozone C=columnP=profile

COMPONENT 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

SatelliteADEOS TOMS 96 CADEOS ILAS 96 PADEOS 2 ILAS2 03 P cAQUA AIRS 02 CAURA HRLDS 04 PAURA MLS 04 PAURA OMI 04 C/PAURA TES 04 C/PENVISAT MIPAS 02 PENVISAT GOMOS 02 PENVISAT SCIAMACHY 02 C/PEP TOMS 96 CERBS SAGEII 84 PERS GOME-1 95 C/PMETEOR TOMS 92 CMETEOR3M SAGE III 02 PMETOP 1,2,3 GOME2 05 C/PMETOP IASI 05 CNOAA HIRS C B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B BNIMBUS7/TOMS 79 CNPOESS OMPS 10 C/P B B B B B B B B B B BNPP OMPS 06 C/PSCISAT ACE 03 PSCISAT MAESTRO 04 PUARS MLS 91 PUARS HALOE 91 PUARS CLAES 91 P

Non-Satellite GlobalSurface total columnSurfacebased vertical profile MicrowaveSuface based Lidar profileBalloon vertical profileAirc raft Mosaic LSAssimilation Model

Measurement 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

DEMONSTRATIONPRE-OPERATIONAL Data available in near real timeOPERATIONAL B Data available in near real time and replacement guaranteed by agencyPROPOSED

IGACO-Theme Report (Draft January 2004): Time Line Stratospheric OzoneIntegrated Global Atmospheric Chemistry Observations System

Herman G.J. Smit/FZJ-COST723-WG-I Overview Noordwijk-11-13 March 2004

Herman G.J. Smit/FZJ-COST723-WG-I Overview Noordwijk-11-13 March 2004

Observed Variable: LS=upper troposphere An Overview of satellite, ground-based and aircraft measurements for tropospheric O 3

Tropospheric Ozone C=columnP=profile

COMPONENT 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

SatelliteIndirect-Subtract Statosphere ADEOS TOMS 96 CAURA HRLDS 04 PAURA MLS 04 PAURA OMI 04 C/PEP TOMS 96 CERBS SAGEII 84 PERS GOME-1 95 C/PMETEOR TOMS 92 CMETEOR3M SAGE III 02 PMETOP 1,2,3 GOME2 05 C/PNIMBUS7/TOMS 79 CNPOESS OMPS 10 C/P B B B B B B B B B B BNPP OMPS 06 C/PSCISAT ACE 03 PSCISAT MAESTRO 04 PUARS MLS 91 PUARS HALOE 91 PDirect MeasurementENVISAT SCIAMACHY 02 C/PAURA TES 04 C/P

Non-Satellite GlobalSurface in situSuface based Lidar profileBalloon vertical profileAirc raft Mosaic P, UTAssimilation Model

Measurement 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

DEMONSTRATIONPRE-OPERATIONAL Data available in near real timeOPERATIONAL B Data available in near real time and replacement guaranteed by agencyPROPOSED

IGACO-Theme Report (Draft January 2004): Time Line Tropospheric OzoneIntegrated Global Atmospheric Chemistry Observations System