HEYWOOD

NOTES & QUERIES .

Reprinted from the Heywood Advertiser.

CONDUCTED BY J. A. GREEN .

VOL. II .] [No. 13

4 riaav, 3anuary 5th, 1906 .

[152 .] JOHN KAY TAYLOR.(See Query No . 109 .)

Under the above heading I recently askedfor information about the author of TheBurial of Burns : a poem, 1847 . A copy ofthis scarce pamphlet was given to me tznyears ago by a local gentleman, and I havesince then made several inquiries about theauthors connection with Heywood, but unsue-oessfully . I mentioned the pamphlet in alecture on Heywood books, etc ., which I de-livered to the Heywood Literary Society in1897, and in 1902 I gave a short notice ofthe author in The Bibliography of Heywood .It has fallen to the lot of a humorous contri-butor to the Heywood Advertiser to un-earth additional particulars, but, mistaking theright letter box, his contribution did not reach

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this columnar, it ought to have done. Thefollowing extract from the article just men-tioned gives some new facts on the authorityof Mr. William Crabtree, George-street, Hey-wood (a cousin of Mr . Taylor) :

It is to be regretted that so little is knownof the author of The Burial of Burns . Hisfather was a handloom weaver and one of theKays, of whom there seems to have always teena numerous family with several branches atHeywood. His mofher was Ann Taylor, andshe was the eldest of thirteen children . Herfamily lived at Black Dad Farm, situate be-tween Nab s Wife and Ashworth Chapel . Theauthor s parents ultimately came to live atHeady Hill, and it was there that the sonspent his boyhood . He was born in 1816. IIeafterwards took the name of John Kay Tay-lor, the two latter being the surnames of hisparents. When he arrived at the proper agehe was indentured to learn the business of adruggist, it is believed at Oldham, and it waswhilst serving his apprenticeship that he be-came the fortunate possessor of a copy ofBurns poems, which, as he informs us, hestudied with avidity, and to such purpo.=ethat anything relating to Burns or to the landof Burns became to him a subject of all-absorbing interest. On completing his appren-ticeship he took a situation at Glasgow, inwhich city he spent the greater part of hislife and almost ended his days there. Whilstat Glasgow he paid several visits to South-LastLancashire, and lived for a time at HeadyHill. On these visits but prior to the publi-cation of the poems, Mr . Crabtree (his cousin)saw and conversed with him on at least twooccasions . He speaks of him as having been ofa tall and prepossessing appearance, welldressed, of amiable disposition and manners,and standing high in the esteem of all whohad the honour of his acquaintance. One ohis brothers is buried at Birtle Church . Mr .Taylor was so much of an artist that bepainted a likeness of himself in Highland cos-tume, and in the same picture is a little gir!whom he named Sylvia. Amongst others ofMr. Taylor s Lancashire acquaintances was %Ir .John Critchley Prince, a fellow-poet, authorof Hours with the muses, who addressed tohim after reading his Burial of Burns a corn-plimentary sonnet which concluded as follows :

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sDear friend, the worshipper of Burns s name,Thine is no .worthless tribute to his undying

fame. -

From further particulars to hand since theforegoing was written, we learn that Mr . J .K Taylor had entered into a matrimonial en-gagement with Miss McNaught, whose parentshad a nursery at Old Hand, between Heywoodand Bury, on the Bury Old Road. In 1849Mr. Taylor was taken ill very suddenly, andwas brought home to Heady Hill, where hewas tenderly nursed by his fiancee, but hedied, and was buried at St . Paul s Churen,Bury. It will be of interest to state that MissMcNaught was sister of the founder of theengineering firm of Messrs . McNaught of Old-ham Road, Rochdale. The nursery at OldHand came to an end in 1848 owing to its sitebeing required by the Lancashire and York-shire Railway Company for extension pur-poses. The company, in addition to payingfor the site they took, offered another site inthe neighbourhood of Bolton for a nursery,but the offer does not appear to have beenaccepted .

It is rather singular that this pamphletappears to be unknown to the bibliographersof Burns, as it is duly recorded by Ander-son . Notwithstanding the fact that. Gla.-gow appears on the title as the principalplace of publication, the Burial of Burns isnot known there . I recently saw Mr . F. T .Barrett, the city librarian, Mitchell Library,Glasgow, and he assured me that he had noknowledge of Taylor s poem. There are oneor two copies in the Public Reference Library,Oldham, in the collection formed by the lateMr. Whitehead .

J. A . GREEEN .

[153 .] HEYWOOD AND EDUCATION .

In the Lancashire Directory for 1825, Hey-wood is described as a populous village, andit is added : Great attention is paid here tothe education of ycuth . What were the edu-cational facilities offered in Heywood at thattime?

STUDENT .

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[154 .] THE EXTINCT LNDU`TRIES OFHEYWOOD .

(Reply to Queries Nos . 123 and 144 .)The business of glass-blowing was carried on

by Mr. Simeock who, I believe, hailed fromStaffordshire. It was carried on for some timein a building off Hardfield-stroet . The work-ing plant was afterwards transferred to a cot-tage en the left hand side going to CrimbleBridge from Heywood . When the businesswas carried on in Hardfield I remember goin,at night before I retired to rest to watch OldMiek, the glass-blower, who used to turn outsome beautiful specimens of the glass-makersart . Mick often did his work in the nighttime, and he was considered a good workerbut very fond of his ale, but however muchhe drank he never seemed any worse, as heused to sweat very hard . My wife remindsme that Mr. Simcoek used to wear a potter scoat and cap . The coat was a long one andgathered at the front. Mr. Simcock and hisfamily attended the Wesleyan Chapel inMarket-street . Mr. Simcock hau a stall in theHeywood Old Market. I believe he gave upthe business and left Heywood about 1865or shortly after . I do not remember anythingabout candle-making in Heywood, but pipe-making was carried on at Vale Mill ; theowner, I believe, was Mr . Hardman . Myparents kept a shop, and I remember himbringing his pipes ; but I do not know whenthe business was discontinued . To the bestof my recollection the pipes were made in oneof the cottages .

T. M .

.ftrihng, 3inuarp 19th, 1906 .

NOTES.,[155 .) JAMES LANCASHIRE S CHARITY ;

HARDMAN FOLD .In the recently-published History of New-

ton Chapelry, by Mr. H. T. Crofton (Chet-ham Society s publications, vol . 54, newseries), there is an interesting reference to an

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sold local charity in that part of the Fails-worth section dealing with Lord Tone. Mr.Crofton says : Near Lord Lane was the AcreField, which Mr . John Taylor bought fromthe trustees of James Lancashire s Charity .It was a charity created by the will, datedJuly 30th, 1737, of James Lancashire, for thebenefit of the poor of Hopwood hamlet inMiddleton Parish. He left £20 to the Over-seers of the Poor of Hopwood to be invested,and the yearly produce to be laid out in buy-ing linen cloth for such poor as have parishrelief . He also left £50 apiece to the schoolat or near Unsworth Chapel, the school atHeywood Chapel, and the school in Walmsley[Walmersley], and directed the legacies to bepaid to the principal freeholders or inhabi-tants who had estates in those townships, andwho within three years after the testator sdeath should advance and raise £50 more foreach school for teaching poor children to readEnglish and for their better education in theprinciples of the Church of England as by lawestablished . He also willed that the mastersor dames of each school, in considerationthereof, should teach and educate so manypoor children, not eseesding ten in number,as from time to time should be nominatedby the Churchwardens and Overseers of thepoor of the township in which the school wasbuilt, by and with the advice and concurrenceof the minister or curate of. the Chapel, andwhere there was not or should not be anysuch curate, then with the advice of the rectorof the parish . This Acre Field had belongedto James Lancashire, and his trustees sold ?tin 1880 to Mr. Taylor, who in 1888 alsobought a small field at the corner of CemeteryRoad.

In the same volume it is shown that therewas some connection between the Hardmansof Failsworth and the Hardmans of Broadfield,Heywood. Referring to Hardman Fold, Failsworth, Mr Crofton says : On November 26th,1609, Thecphilus Aseheton, of Rochdale, con-veyed to Catherine, late wife of Francis Holt,of Grislehurst, in Middleton Parish, deceased,a messuage in Failsworth On August

630th, 1623, Katherin Houlb, widdowe, latewyffe of ffrances Hoult, of Grislehurst, esquier,bargained and sold to John Hardman, of Hey-wood, yeoman, for five hundred and four scorepounds, her messuage in Failsworth. . andthe close called Shippencrofte with theClough thereunto adjoining [and other lands .]. . . . On December 14th, 1647, John Hard-man, of Failsworth, yeoman, enfeoffed JamesHardman, of Broadfield, in Middleton Parish,yeoman, and Richard Chaderton, of Fails-worth, shoemaker, of the capital messuage inFailsworth in John Hardman s occupation,wherein he doth now inhabit, and purchasedby him from Dorothye Holte, late of Gristle-hurst, widow ; also certain lands at Failsworthin John Hardman s occupation, some of ithaving been lately purchased by him fromJohn Shack-locke, gent ., upon trust for JohnHardman for ute, and after his death forHenry, his e. est .son, for life, with remainderto Henry s issue in tail male, with remainderto John, second son of the settler in tail male,and remainder to the settler s right heirs.On September 6th, 1658, mention is made ofJohn Hardman and Alice, his wife, in rela-tion to properties at Failsworth, Oldham,Ashkon-under-Dyne, and Audenshaw ; HenryHardman, of Failsworth, yeoman, and John,his son and heir apparent, are mentioned ina Morton land transaction in January,1658-9 ; and John Hardman, yeoman, isstated to have sold property at Hollinwoodprior to 1681 .

With regard to the foregoing extracts, itmay be mentioned that James Lancashire, -gentleman, a descendant of an old Hopwoodfamily, died at Langley, and his will wasproved in 1738. James Hardinan, who diedin 1673, was the Broadfield yeoman, some-time overseer of the poor and of the highwaysin Pilsworth, who-as shown in a previousNote on the Hardman family-enjoyed thefriendship of eminent divines like Oliver Hey-wood and Henry Newcome, and whose housewas licensed for the use of Nonconformists, ause to which it was put not only in his own

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later years, but also in the time of his sonJames, who died at Broadfield early in 1712 .Catherine Holt had been a widow five yearswhen the Failsworth property was conveyedto her by Theophilus Assheton of Rochdale .She was a daughter of ovnliarn Assheton, ofClegg . Her husband, Francis Holt, of Gristle-burst, who died in September, 1604, was agreat-grandson of Sir Thomas Holt, Knt., ofGristiehurst, and it was Francis Holt s great-grandson, John Goodhand Hoii- the vcungson, onely child, and hopefull heir of ThomasHolt, of Gristlehurst -whose prematuredeath was the subject of a sermon preacb2d atSt. Martin s-in-the-Fields, London, by Dr .Robert Mossom, March 19th, 1659-61 (extractsfrom which discourse are given in the Pala-tine Note Bock, vol . i ., pp . 203-207 .) Sometime after her husband s death Mrs. FrancisHolt was living at Rochdale, as were some ofher sons .

LECTOR .

[156 .] OLD STOCKS IN HEYWOOD PARKWhat is the history of the old stocks in

Heywood Park? If they were ever used inHeywood, where they were stationed, andwhen last used, are some of the questions onesometimes hears from visitors .

LEMUEL .

[157.] SIR, ANDREW CHADWICK .Some years ago persons who had the good

or ill fortune to be called Chadwick weregreatly exercised in mind as to their possibleshare in the reputed great wealth of thegentleman named above . A good many amus-ing tales could be told of those who werevictimised by local would-be millionaires . Isit possible to recover a few of these stories?One old lady declared for years that she pos-sessed a portion of the deceased gentleman sclothing, but, alas! she herself passed over tothe great majority without even tasting thedelights of great riches .

UHURRICK .

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[158.] LOCAL PLACE+-NAMES ABROAD .

If this query should meet the eye of anemigrant from Heywood now residing in anypart of the world, would he kindly oblige bysending a note of any facts known to him?Have any places abroad been named afterHeywood, Lancashire, or of any neighbouringplace? The writer knows of Marland Farm,` ymore, Nebraska, the residence of one ofthe Fentons, formerly of Heywood, and it issaid that another of the Fentons named hisplace Heywood Farm, somewhere in Canada .Any information on the above will be accept-able .

NOMENCLATURE.

ANSWERS.[159.] EXTINCT LOCAL INDUSTRIES.

(See Queries and Answers Nos . 123, 144, and154 .)

At No. 123 Lemuel asked about the ex-tinct Industries of Heywood . Pipe-makingwas introduced into Heywood about 68 yearsago by Thomas Birchall . He was born atLiverpool and learnt his trade at Rainford .Coming to Bury when 17 years old he com-mnenced to work for Isaac Hazledene . Leav-ing Mr. Hazledene he set up in business forhimself at Heady Hill, near the old school .The business was a very successful one, em-ploying seven or eight men besides appren ,tices . During the plug drawing be wasvisited by a number of plug drawers who,however, passed him by on his paying them5s ., Mr. Birchall pointing out that he wouldbo ruined if they drew his fires, as his ovenswere full of pipes which were partlyburned . This business was afterwards carriedon by Mr. Kershaw Hardman in Litton sBuildings, who had served his apprenciceshi,nwith Mr. Birchall. Another apprentice ofMr. Birchall was Mr. Robert Diggle, whostarted pipe-making at Jericho, on Bury OddRoad, but afterwards removed to Bagsl .ate,near the Blue Ball Inn . There is only onefirm o€ pipe-makers in the neighbourhood that

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I am aware of, viz ., Turner Brothers, Roch-dale . This business was started by a Mr .Robert Sutcliffe, who was one of Mr . Bir-cLall a workmen .

GLASS-BLOWING .This industry was carried on in two houses

rear Crimble Mill, which were pulled downover a dozen years age . Many of your readerswill remember the cottages, which were about100 yards from the bridge . It was in one, ofthese houses that Mr. Wood lived, whosedaughter walked into the river after leavingher work, and whose body was never found .

J . L .

., friba , 3anu rv 26th, 1906 .

NOTES.[160 .] THE HOLTS OF GRISPLE11TTRST .

A NOTABLE JUDGE .As an administrator of the criminal law,

he shone by contrast to his immediate prede-cessors, such as Scroggs and Jeffreys, at oncecruel and corrupt . He was as scrupulouslyfair to the accused as Sir Matthew Hale .Such is the tribute paid by a recent writerto Lord Chief Justice Holt, a descendant ofthe once opulent family at Gristlehurst, someaccount of which has already been given nnthe Heywood Notes and Queries . SirJohn Holt, Knight, the Judge, was born atThame, Oxfordshire, on December 30th, 1642,and died at his residence in London on March5th, 1710, his funeral taking place at theparish church of Redgrave, Suffolk-a manorwhich he had purchased from Sir RobertBacon . Sir John was the eldest son of SirThomas Holt of Gray s Inn, barrister and Ser-jeant-at-Law, Recorder of Reading andAbingdon, whose wife was a daughter of JohnPeacock of Chawley, near Cummor, Berk-shire ; and he was educated at AbingdonGrammar School, Winchester College, andOriel College, Oxford .

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Looking through an old London magazinerecently I came across an interesting storyabout Judge Holt, a story supposed to havehad its beginning in the neighbourhood ofOxford, and which will probably be new tosome of the readers of Notes and Queries .It is as follows :-Sir John Holt, Lord Chief Justice of the

Court of King s Bench, 1709, who, it is said,was extremely wild in his youth, being onceengaged with some rakish friends in a tripinto the country, in which they had spenttheir money, it was agreed they should trytheir fortunes separately . Holt arrived at aninn at the end of a straggling village, orderedhis horse to be taken care of, bespoke asupper and a bed . He then strolled into thekitchen, where he observed a little girl of thir-teen shivering with an ague . The landladytold him that she was her only child, and hadbeen ill nearly a year, notwithstanding all theassistance she could procure for her fromphysic . He gravely shook his head, and badeher be under no further concern, for that herdaughter should never have another fit . Hethen wrote a few unintelligible words in acourt hand on a scrap of parchment, whichhad been the direction artixed to a hamper,and, rolling it up, directed that it should bebound upon the girl s wrist, and there allowedto remain until she was well . The ague re-turned no nrore ; and Holt, having remainedin the house for a week, called for his bill .God bless you, sir, said the woman, you re

nothing in my dent, Pin sure. I wish, on thecontrary, that I was able to pay you for thecure which you have made. Oh! if I had hadthe happiness to see you ten months ago, itwould have saved me forty pounds . Withpretended reluctance he accepted his accommo-dation . as a reconipence, -and rode away .Many years elapsed. Holt advanced in his

profession and went on circuit as one of theJudges of the Court of King s Bench, into thesame county, where, among other prisonersbrought before him, was an old woman undera charge of witchcraft . To support this accu-sation, several witnesses swore that the priso-ner had a spell with which she could cure suchcattle as were sick, or destroy those that werewell, •and that in the use of this spell she hadbeen lately detected, and that it was now readyto be produced . Upon this statement the

F

11Judge desired it might be handed up to him .It was a dirty ball, wrapped round with severalrags •and bound with packthread . Thesecoverings he removed, and beneath them founda piece of parchment, which he immediatelyrecognised as his own youthful fabrication.For a few moments Lord Chief Justice Holt

remained silent. Then he addressed the juryto the following effect : Gentlemen, I mustnow relate a particular of my life which veryill suits my present character and the stationin which I sit ; but to conceal it would be toaggravate the folly for which I ought to atone,to endanger innocence, and to countenancesuperstition . This bauble, supposed to havethe power of life and death, is a senseless scrollwhich I wrote with my own hand and gaveto this woman, who for no other reason isaccused as a witch .Sir John Holt proceeded to relate the parti-

culars with such effect that his .old landladywas the last person tried for witchcraft in thatcounty.Another characteristic story is related of

Judge Holt thus :-In the reign of Queen Anne, in 1704, several

freemen of the borough of Aylesbury had beenrefused the liberty of voting at an election fora member of Parliament, though they provedtheir qualifications as such : the law in thiscase imposes a fine on the returning officer of£100 for every such offence . On this principle,they applied to Lord Chief Justice Holt, whodesired the officer to be arrested. The Houseof Commons alarmed at this step, made an orderof their House to make it penal for either judge,counsel, or attorney to assist at the trial ; however,the Lord Chief Justice and several lawyers werehardy enough to oppose this order, andbrought it on in the Court of King s Bench .The House, highly irritated at this contempt oftheir order, sent a Serjeant-at-Arms for thejudge to appear before them ; but that reso-lute defender of the laws bade him, with avoice of authority, begone ; on which they senta second message by their Speaker, attendedby as many members as espoused the measure.After the Speaker had delivered his message,his Lordship replied to him in the followingremarkable words :- Go back to your chair,Mr. Speaker, within these five minutes, or youmay depend on it I will send you to Newgate :you speak of your authority, but I tell you I

12sit here as an interpreter of the laws, and adistributor of justice ; and, were the wholeHouse of Commons in your belly, .1 would notstir one foot. The Speaker was prudentenough enough to retire ; and the House wasequally prudent to let the affair drop .It may be added that this notable descen-

dant of the Holts of Gristlehurst was mar-ried, but had no issue.

LECTOR .

[161 .] EXTINCT LOCAL INDUSTRIES .(See Nos . 1i 3, 144, 154, and 159 .)

The Notes and Queries under the aboveheading awakened some old memories . I wellremember old Abraham Simoock, who, besidesglass-blowing, ran the present Auvertiser,office as a pot-shop . Fifty-five years ago Iattended the National day school (now thePost Office), and when a new crate of potscame to Simcock s what fun we had at all-outtime with rubbing the girls faces with roughstraw taken from the orates . Sometimes Mr .Wolstenholme, the master, caught us at it,and-he was a bachelor tnen living with hisparents in Hill-street-with his tongue in hischeek hollered out : Oh! you -cungwretches . Ave, but the girls liked it. Thatspot was the hub of the world to us young-sters . Old Billy Dykes kept the newspapershop in a cottage opposite to the schoolyard,who, though he could neither read nor write,was the chief, indeed the only, vendor ofnewspapers in Heywood, and fetched themfrom Manchester, wallking all the way thereand back. The Manchester papers only cametwice a week and cost fivepence halfpennyeach delivered . The old whitewashed churchthen stood in the churchyard ; and ParsonMinnitt lived in the nou,se now occupied byDr. Wisken. The two Misses Gee kept theRoyal Oak beerhouse opposite to Simcock s, andI rather fancy it is now the oldest beerhousein Heywood. Where the fire station is wasthen John Mills s timber yard, then the chiefbuilder in the town . Where the IndependentChapel is was then a wheelwright s shop,owned by Mr. Chaffer, and known as Chaffer syard . Old Ned Holllos ran the Ship Inn, then

13a beerhouse, and also dealt in brass lumps(taken out of coal)-another extinct trade .The Lamb Inn was then a grocer s shop, andwhere Mr. Taylor s wardrobe shops now arewas one of the gas company s gasometers . Thelocal authorities had not then bought theworks, and paid £208 each for every £100share, as they did afterwards. I have got onthe ramble, but must get out of York-street .I am obliged to T .M. (154) and should liketo have a chat with him . He does not re-member anything about candle-making inHevwood . I do. Mr. Sagar, who then keptthe druggist shop now existing at top ofTaylor-street, opposite corner to L . and Y .Bank, had a candle-making works close to theOwd Lone pump at Longfield, and we boysused to hang around, and when opportunityoffered pinch some resin to rub on our jacketsleeves, which made a cracking noise . OldBilly Wolstenholme looked after the pump,and every family that used it paid twopenceper week for the water . Grand water, freshfrom the sand hill . No fun now, helping thegirls to carry the water home . Longfield thenwas a far different place from now .January 7th, 1906 . S . H .

[162 .] JOHN HIEYWOOD AS A COMPOSERIn various accounts of the late John Hey-

wood stress is laid upon his ability as a com-poser . Many of his old friends and pupils willbe able to recall examples of his skill in thisdirection, and I shall be glad to know of such .A friend has kindly reminded me that Mr .Heywood, when living at Caxton Cottage,Hevwood, composed music to the followinglines from Pope s Essay on Man :-All nature is but Art unknown to thee ;All chance, direction which thou canst not see ;All discord, harmony not understood ;All partial evil, universal good ;And, spite of pride, in erring reason s spite,One truth is clear, whatever is is right .Perhaps some other correspondent will

kindly furnish additional particulars .J . A. GREEN:

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, riban, Jfiebrunry 2nD, 1906 .

NOTES.[163 .] OBLIGATORY KNIGHTHOOD .By a statute, the date of which is now

believed to be the 6th Edward I. [1273]called Statatum de Militibrs, all persons pos-sessing at that time an income of £20 perannum were considered worthy of knighthood,and in the thirteenth and fourteenth een-turies everyone who held a knight s fee ofland and was of age was liable to be sum-moned to accept the order of knighthood orelse pay a fine to the King . In the fifteenthcentury, in the reign of Henry VI ., the an-nual income of those considered worthy ofknighthood was raised to £40 . On importantoccasions such as coronations, Royal marriages,

etc ., it became customary for procla-mation to be made that all those persons whowere of age and who held one or more knight sfees should take up their knighthood or, indefault of so doing, should pay a fine . Inprocess of time the holders of lands ortherwisethan by knight s fee were included, so longas they had the requisite annual income .On the coronation of Charles I., 2nd Feb

ruary, 1625-6, the usual proclamations weremade and a Royal warrant issued to ourright, trusty, and well-beloved Counsellor, SirThomas Coventrey, Knight, Lord Keeper of ourGreat Seale of England, commanding him to.̀make out writes under our great Seale ofEngland directed to all and every Sheriffe andSheriffs within our realme of England anddominion of Wales . This proclamation, whichwas ordered to be read in all counties, gavenotice of the King s intention to be crowned,and called upon all men within the jurisdic-tion of the said Sheriffs, having forty poundsper annum in lands or rent in their own hands,or to their use in their hands of feoffees andhaving had the same lands or rent for thespace of three years to take upon themselvesthe order of knighthood . In a paper on

15Obligatory Knighthood temp . Charles I .,

printed by the William Salt Archo3ologicalSociety, the writer, Mr. H . S . Glazebrook,says : It cannot be doubted that these pro-clamations were regarded by the majority ofthose to whom they were addressed as havingno real meaning, and nobody dreamed of de-manding the honour which he was thus in-vited to obtain . But a few years later thereal object of this proclamation was disclosed .A Commission dated 29th May, 1628, wasissued to assess the fines of those who hadmade default ; on January 28th, 1629-30,there was a second Commission to treat andcompound with all those who were willing tomake fine with the King for their contempt inthe premisses, and in July, 1630, step weretaken to collect the fines of those who livedin the country .The Commissioners for Lancashire and

Cheshire included : William Earl of Derby,James Lord Strange, Richard Viscount Moli-neux, and Ralph Ashton, Baronet . They say,that these compositions weare made atseverall places within the said countio in themouth of September Anno Septimo CaroliRegis, 1631, and are for the hundrethes ofWestderby Leyland Salford and Blackburnethe other twoe hundrethes of Amoundernesand Loynsdalo [Lousdale] beinge soe dan-gerously infected with the plague that theCommissioners dun.t not adventuae to call anyassemblyes of people togeather or at this tymemedle with the inhabitants of those twoe hun-drethes .

The list is divided into hundred,, as statedabove . That part for the Hundred of Salfordwas made at Bane the thirteenth daie ofSeptember Anne Septimo Caroli Regis, 1631,and contains the following local names .-

Richard Holland of Heaton, Gent . xJordan Chadwicke of Healey, Gent . xEdmund Asshton of Chadderton, Esq . xxvWilliam Bamford of Bamford, Gent . xEdmund Hopwood of Hopwood, Esq . xxvRoberto Heywoode of Heywood, Gent . xEllize Fletcher of Walmersley, Gent . x

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The total amount exacted in the Hundredof Sai ford is ;C718 7s. 8d., and the total forthe whole of the four hundreds visited £2,343 .In Nov.?uber, 1631, the Commissioners met

to compile the list of defaulters in the Loyns-dale [Lonsdale] and Amondernes [Amounder-ness], and the total collected from these twois £851 13s. 4d. The names of several per-sons, not previou ly compounded, follow,and include those of £Edward Stanley, Baronet 1Raphe Asheton of Midletcn, Esquire xxv

The total of the fines levied by the SecondCommission is £1,215 .

The signatures of the Commissioners are at-tached to the list from each hundred, and itis worthy of note that the signature of RalphAssheton of Middleton is written RapheAsshoton, thus differing from the spelling inthe lists [Ralph Ashton and Raphe Assheton .]

The above particulars are taken mainly fromthe List, of the Esquires and Gentlemen inCheshire and Lancashire who refused the orderof Knighthood at the Coronation of Charles I .,edited by Mr. J . P . Earwaker, M.A., F .S .A .,and published by the Record Society of Lanca-shire and Cheshire .The fees for knighthood at that time were

so very much larger than the fines imposedon defaulters (the former being from £60 to£70 and the latter £10 to £25), and at thesame time thare was the expense of a longjourney to London, and the certainty of much

I ay there, to ether with a strong proba-bility of refusal, there can be little doubtthat those who were summoned compoundedto save further -expense and trouble . A.P.W.

QUERIES.[164 .] PETER HEYWOOD, Gent .

During the Civil War Commissioners wereappointed by Parliament to fine-and in manycases to take away the estates of-all thosegentlemen who in any way assisted theRoyalist forces. One Peter Heywood of Hey-wood, described as a gent ., was com-pounded for Delinquency, de .ertiog his habi-

17tation, going into the garrisons held againstthe Parliament, and adhering to those forces .It is recorded that he paid the sums of £60on August 10th, 1649 ; £341 on March 6th,1652 ; and on 31st January, 1650, was - per-mitted to enjoy the estate mentioned in thisparticular annexed, haueing compounded thatthe same amounting to the sume of three-score pounds .A Petrua Heywood de Heywood, Gent ., is

mentioned in the list of freeholders in theSalford Hundred of Lancashire in the year1600 .Could any reader furnish me with further

particulars of this Peter Heywood? A.P.W .

Iribap, lebrunrg 16th, ) 906 .

` NOTES.[165.] MRS. SUNDERLAND .

The following anecdote of Mrs . Sunder, ,and(who has been mentioned as having vi-itedHeywood on one occasion) was related by thelate Morgan Brierley of Saddleworth :-

Perhaps I may be allowed to relate an anec-dote of the late Mrs . Sunderland., a Yorkshiresor:gstreas of well-deserved fame, both in theprovinces and in the capital . Going aboutbegging for sixpences and half-crowns, andadding a bit of my own, I got money sufficientto purchase an organ for Lane Bottom Chapel .Mrs . Winterbottom gladly proffered her ser-vices for the opening, and pressed me hardto get Mrs . Sunderland to assist her, and Mr .Sam Mellor of Lees Brook-as good a basssinger a ; Lancashire ever produced-and DickGreaves, the well-known Shaw organist. Awritten request was of no use, so off I set toBrighouse one day . Although in my youngdays not clumsy at getting ladies into goodhumour, I could only get Mrs . S. to the con-oession of saying she would come if I wouldsecure the permission of the authorities ofSt. Paul s, Huddersfield, where she was thenVOL . 2.-Part 14 .

1 8engaged on Sundays. There I went, but theold skinflints refused, saying that Mrs . Sun-derland had too often played truant lately .I went back to her pretty little cottage, and,seeing how doleful I was, she took my handand led me into her . study, kindly remark-ing that she would sing a bit for me in spiteof all the churchwardens in England . Andshe did, the bonnie lady! When the birds,for me, cease to sing, I shall for et thathappy day.

QUERIES.[166.] BURY BIBLIOGRAPHY .

A pamphlet with the following title wasissued some time between 1870-80 :--

A Drama. The Dancing Bear, or, Howto pay the rent. (The whole of the scenesbeing founded on fact .) Price twopenceeach. Bury : printed and published by J .Welsby, Haymarket .street. ManchesterJohn Heywood . 8vo., pp. 24, printed

The name appears again in the list of thosewho paid the 1st Ship Money of the Clergy asV. de ffrodsham, Rowland Heywood, £4 4a .

It would appear that he also paid the secondShip Money of the Clergy of the county of

wrapper .Can anyone tell me the name of the authorand the date when the little comedy was pub-lished?

J. A. GREEN. 114[167.] ROLAND HEYWOOD .

Among the contributors from the Clergy ofthe Diocese of Chester, 16334 was :-Vicar ffrodsham, Mr . Heywood pd £1 3s . 8d .

The objects of this contribution are given onthe manuscript as follows : -

ffor Repaire of St . pauls in London con- Itribution promised by the ministers ofchester dioces yearly for 3 yeares to con-tinue, viz . : Anna 1634 : 1635 : 1636 : if theylive so long incumbents ther .

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Chester, 1636, for under the heading Pfrodsham Deanery is writtenR. ffrodesham. Mr. Heywood. £1 15s . 5d.The contribution to the King for the warresagainst the Scots made by the L : Bp, Deanand Chapter and Clergy of the Chester diocese,anno 1639, furnishes still another mention .Under Ffrodsham Deanery isV. ffrodsham . Roland haywood £3 Os . Od .

I should imagine from the entry in the listof those who paid A subsidy from the clergy,ffrodsham Deanery, 1624, that it was aboutthat year when Roland Heywood became vicarof Frrodsham . The entry is as follows : -

V. frodsham . Vic : Roland Haywoodpost Bickerton, £4 4s . Od .

The name Bickerton has been crossed out andthat of Roland Heywood substituted .

1v as this Roland (Rowland) Heywood (Haywood), a relative of any Heywood family, ora Heywood man himself P I should very muchlike to know . A. P. W.

[168.] SAND OR BOND KNOCKERS.The business of sand or sond knocker was a

very common one before the Lancashire house-wife became so well-off that she now coversher floor with a neat carpet or linoleum,whereas aforetime she used to sprinkle ahandful of fine gritty stand over thewell-scrubbed flags . There used to be somecurious characters engaged in this businesswho travelled through the neighbouring townsselling the sand to small shopkeepers . Somehave been celebrated in dialect stories . Oneof the best of these is entitled :-

Sam Sondnokkur s ryde fro Ratchda toManchistur : iz vizit to ManchesturMekaniks Hinstitution Sho ; wi o fullokeawnt a wot bee seed un wheer hee went,wi o iz adventurs . Bi Sam Iz Sel. Pricetwopenee . Manchester : John Heywood .[1857 .] 8vo , . pp. 24 . Printed wrapper,with view of Manchester Mechanics Insti-tution .

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This amusing skit was written by the lateJohn Petrie. It first appeared in the Roeh-,ale Standard in 1856, and afterwards wasvery popular when issued in pamphlet form .It relates the adventures of a sandknockerfrom Smobridge [Smallbridge], a placewhich until recently was noted in this busi-ness. Can anyone tell whether this also maybe named among the extinct local industries?

J. A . GREEx.

, frxbau, lebrurg 23rb, 1906.

NOTES.[169 .] DESCRIPTIONS OF HEYWOOD AND

THE VICINITY .-I .The following is the first of a series of

descriptions of Heywood and neighbourhoodextracted from various authors . Interestingselections from the writings of EdwardBaines, Edwin Butterworth, Samuel Bamford,Edwin Waugh, and others will be offer : d .

` Heywood-it-Heap, an extensive village andchapelry in Bury parish, county of Lancaster .Living a curacy in the archd . and dio . ofChester, returned at £111 10s. and endowedwith £2,200 . Patron, the Rev. G. Hornby .The district of Heap extend : along the southand east banks of the small river Roch, whichwanders through a romantic woody glen, orna-mented by many gentlemen s seats, enlico-print and paper-works, and large cotton mills,the southern part of the township is entirelyagricultural, being inhabited by farmers, whilethe northern or more unlevel portion iscovered by wide stretching populous manufac-turing village of Heywood, reaching above amile in length east and west, forming aregular street an the Rochdale and Buryroads, which towns are both equi-distant fromthis place . The cotton manufacture is thestaple trade ; the village being situated withineight miles of Manchester and plentifully sup-plied with coal from the numerous pits inthe neighbourhood . There are twenty or

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more steam engines employed in movingmachinery, and manufacturing power-loom,and woollen cloth, spinning fine cotton, makingpaper, and constructing wheels . There areno fairs held here, nor a regular marketexcept Saturdays, but there is an annualfestival . The government of the place is en-trusted to the churchwardens and constables ofHeap. Here is a post office, newsroom, andassembly room . Thirty or forty years agothis now extensive town was a mere countryhamlet, known only for its chapel, which waserected prior to the Restoration .Adjoining the churchyard is a national school,

erected by the wealthy inhabitants of the town-ship in 1815, where a large number of poorchildren are educated by subscription . TheIndependents, the Methodists, and the fol-lowers of Emmanuel Swedenborg, have each aneat place of worship in the village, all ofthem erected within a few late years . Thecommanding shtuation of Heywood affordsseveral fine prospects of the hills to the northand the rich valley in front, disclosing Hey-wood Hall, a rural edifice amongst trees, latelythe seat of James Starkie, Esq ., formerly theresidence of the Heywood family, one ofwhom, Peter Heywood, was the first personthat seized Guy Fawkes when he was proceed-ing to blow up the Paiiliament House.Whittle-in-Heap is a secluded village to thesouth of Heywood. Heap Bridge is a popu-lous hamlet to the west, and Hooley Bridge,a similar place, lies to the north . Distancefrom Bury 3 miles E. by S. The populationof Heap, according to the last census, is10,429.-Copied from A New and Compre-hensive Gazetteer of England, Wales, etc .Edited by James Bell. Glasgow : Fullartonand Company, 1833 . J. L .

[170.] LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS TO ST .LUKE S REBUILDING FUND .

(This very interesting list of subscribers tothe rebuilding fund was given to the writerby a Manchester bookseller . The list will begiven in full as in the original . It containsseveral important items showing the amounts

22

given by the principal donors, and also pro-mises for six bells . The list further shows thegreat interest taken by the workpeople ofHeywood in the project, and it is altogethera valuable document in the history of St .Luke s. Of the twenty-three persons formingthe committee only two are still living .)

REBUILDING OF ST. LUKE S CHURCH,HEYWOOD .

Chairman of ithe CommitteeThe Rev. Julius Shadwell, Incumbent .

Treasurer :Mr. Samuel Smith .

SecretaryMr. John James Mellor .

CommitteeRev. Julius Shadwell, Rev . E. J . Hornby,

Messrs. Joseph Fenton (Bamford Hall),Richard Kay, Robert Kershaw, RobertClegg, William Clegg, John Turner, JohnJames Mellor, John Hargreaves, JacobChadwick, Jesse Leach, William Hartley,Junr., William Holland, Joseph Jameson,Samuel Smith, John Crabtree, WilliamSmith, Mark Smith, Abraham Stout,Richard Batterdby, Silvester Litton, andThomas Crabtree .

The rebuilding of St. Luke s Church, Hey-wood, having been for many years a matterof acknowledged necessity, a public meetingwas held on the 25th of October, 1858, whena committee was appointed and the followingre.olutions were passed :-

(1)-That the present church is utterlyinadequate to the wants of the people,and ought to be replaced as speedily aspossible by a building much superiorboth in size and construction .

(2)-That the present site is that bestadapted for the future church .

In accordance with these and other resolu-tions the committee engaged the services ofMr. Joseph Clarke, a London architect of highstanding, and have received subscriptions,

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which (exclusive of promises made for bells),amount at the present time to £7,887 16s . 6,-d .The church, as designed by Mr . Clarke, is

in the decorated style of Gothic architecture ;and whilst affording ample space for 1,012adults, will contain a mixed congregation ofnot less ithan 1,200 persons.

It is estimated that the contract price forthe church will be £8,000 or thereabouts ; butas this sum will not provide for the architect scommission, the charge for a faculty, theerection of organ and clock, the rebuilding orrepair of boundary walls, or for any unfore-seen contingency, it is evident that a con-siderable sum beyond that already subscribedwill be required for the completion of thework in a substantial and satisfactory way .The committee cannot calculate the total

outlay in connection with the rebuilding of St .Luke s at less than £10,000, not including thecost of bells . They have therefore to meet anestimated deficiency of somewhat more than£2,000 .They trust that under these circumstances

all persons who may have an interest in thework, but who have not yet declared theirsubscriptions, will do so at their earliest con-venience-it being of the first importance thatthe committee should ascertain as nearly andspeedily as possible the exact amount of fundsto be placed by the public at their disposal .

It only remains for the committee to remindsubscribers to the St . Luke s Rebuilding Fundthat as the period for commencing activeoperations is fast approaching, it is desirablethat their promised payments should be madeat their earliest convenience .

Subscribtions to the fund may be paid eitherat once in full, or by two or more instal-ments, and will be thankfully received bymembers of the committee, who will hand overthe same to the treasurer .

Signed by order of the committee,JULSUS SHA,DZVELL, Chairman .

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J riba , 4 arch 2tth, 1906 .

NOTES.[171 . LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS TO ST.

LUKE S REBUILDING FUND .Subscriptions already announced:-

2 s. d . -Rev William Hornby 500 0 0Mr Joseph Fenton 500 0 0

and a BELL0 0Messrs Wm. Smith and Bros 500

a:nd a BELLWorkpeople of Messrs Wm . Smithand Brothers, Sun Iron Works-aBELL

Mr Robert Kay 500 0 0- Richard Kay 500 0 0Mrs Kershaw and Sons 500 0 0Collected in St . Luke s SundaySchools 464 13 6*

Mr. John Hargreaves 350 0 0and a BELL

Messrs H . & J . Chadwick and Co . . . 300 0 0Messrs Win . Hartley and Sons 300 0 0Mr Samuel Smith 300 0 0Mrs Fenton, (Bamford Hall) 200 0 0Mr William Clegg 150 0 0- Robert Clegg 150 0 0- Thomas Clegg 100 0 0- John Crabtree 131 5 0- Thomas Crabtree 100 0 0- Jesse Leach 100 0 0

and a BELLRev Julius Shadwell 100 0 0Mrs Shadwell 10 0 0Mr William Holland 100 0 0Mr John James Mellor 100 0 0Messrs Langton 100 0 0Mrs Briggs 100 0 0Mr Thomas Wolstenholme 50 0 0- J . B . Jameson 50 0 0- Joseph Jameson 50 0- Richard Battersby 50 0- James Diggle 25 0- George Dewhurst 15 0- John Kershaw 10 0Messrs Edwin Crabtree & Co 10 0Mr John Leach 10 0- John Chadwick 10 0- Russell 10 0- Edwin Buckley 10 0- James i ilkmgton 10 0- Jesse Cheetham 10 0Mrs Rigby s 0Mr Mark Heywood 5 0- Daniel Brayshaw 5 0- Joseph Schofield 5 0 0- JOhn Coupc 5 0 0Miss Mary Walsh 5 0 0

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25£ s. d.

Mr John Turner, Bamford-rd 5 0 0- R illiam Pollitt 5 0 0- Robert Leach 5 0 0- Joseph Astin 5 o o 6- Thomas Nuttall 2 15 0- Joseph Diggle 2 2 0- Williams 2 2 0

f 1 Mr John C . Oldham 2 2 0- John Kay 1 1 0Messrs S . Litton and Sons 100 0 0Mrs Walker 15 0 0Mr John Wood 10 o 0- Robert Williams 1 1 0Mrs Shepherd 20 0 0Mr Thomas Hill so o 0- Knight 5 0 0Two Friends 5 0 0Mr Thos. Whalley, Manchester 5 0 0- Ralph Gee 20 0 0- Abraham Mills 0 10 0Mrs or Miss Mary Gee 1 1 0Mr James Warburton 0 5 0- William Greenhalgh 10 0 0Miss Ashton 0 2 6Mr Hugh Taylor 0 5 0- Thomas Schofield 5 0 0- Samuel Schofield 5 0 0Maria Chadwick 1 0 0Mr Robert Gee 0 10 0- Thomaa Burchall 0 5 0- John Hardnian 2 2 0Mrs Butterworth o io 0Mr Thomas Butterworth 5 0 0Mrs Barlow 5 0 0Mr B . Cropper 0 5 0- Edmund Rhodes 1 0 0- John Holden 0 5 0Betty Horrox . . 0 5 0Messrs Spencer and Co 5 0 0Mr Robert Aspinall 0 10 0- Horrox 4i olstenholme 0 10 0- Peter Dale 1 0 0- Andrew Shaw 2 0 0- William Beckett 5 0 0Miss Spivey 1 1 0Mr T . S . Rayner 10 10 0- George Holt 1 0 0- John Siddall 5 0 0Mrs Hanson 1 5 0- Pickup 10 0 0- Mary Robinson 0 5 0Messrs M . & D . Glazebreok 10 10 0Mr Edward Howarth 1 0 0- Andrew Chadwick 1 1 0- James Jackson 1 1 0Mrs Townrow 1 0 0Mr Charles Turner 5 0 0- James Greenhalgh 0 3 0- Richard Gorton 10 0 0- Jacob Smith 1 1 0- John Fenton 0 5 0- Thomas Fenton 2 2 0- :loses Ashton 2 0 0- William Todd . . . . 10 0 0Messrs Joseph Nall and Co 5 0 0A Friend 10 0 0

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26£ s. d .

A Friend 5 0 0A Friend 1 0 0Mr Abraham Stott 200 0 0

and a BELLMrs Howard 1 1 0Mr John Jenkinson 0 5 0Miss Holland 1 1 0Mr Abraham Collings 10 0 0Messrs Norris Brothers 50 0 0Mr Samuel Booth 4 0 0- William Pilkington 2 0 0- Edmund Lord 3 0 0- Thomas Booth 3 0 0- J . R . Richardson 2 0 0- Thomas Gee 1 0 0Mrs Ashton 1 0 0Mr Peter Dewsbury 5 0 0- James Ogden 10 0 0- James Aspinall 2 0 0- John Butterworth 0 10 0Mary Ogden 5 0 0Mr James Livsey 10 0 0- Tames Greenhalgh 10 0 0- Hilton Greaves 5 0 0- John Brierley 1 0 0- Samuel Entwistle 0 10 6- Samuel Ogden 2 0 0- Job Leach 0 11 0Mrs Thomas Schofield 0 5 0Mr Job Leach 0 10 0-Dan Travis 0 1 0- W. S . Sanders 0 0 6- Robert Faulkner 0 10 0- Henry Thorp 5 0 0Ruth Turner 0 5 0A Friend 20 0 0Messrs A. Watkin and Son 20 0 0Mrs Edward W. Watkin 5 0 0A Friend 10 0 0Mr Thomas Battersby 20 0Messrs James Clegg and Co 5 5M: Eli Whitely 2 2S . and Co 10 0A friend 1 0Mr James Howarth 0 10- James Wild 5 0- Joseph Partington 5 0- Edward Brierley 1 1 0Mrs Thomas Schofield 1 0 0Mr John Butterworth 3 0 0- Robert Whitworth 0 10 0- Jonathan Lee 5 0 0- James Ashworth 0 5 0Ann Lee 0 10 0Mr William Wescoe 5 0 0- George Vickers 1 1 0- Abraham Clegg 0 5 0- Joseph Foster 2 2 0- Robert Livsey 0 10 0Miss Taylor 1 10 0Mr Eubank 5 0 0Mrs S . Hardman 5 0 0Mr James Millett 5 0 0A Friend 1 1 0A Friend 6 0 0Mr James Chadwick 25 0 0

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27£ s . d .

Mr. Thomas Chadwick 25 0 0- William Chadwick 25 0 0- Samuel Taylor 25 0 0Messrs John Baron and Co 30 0 0Mr Robert Horrox 1 1 0Mrs Porcher 5 0 0Miss M . J . Keate 3 0 0Messrs Mellor, Cunningham, andPowell 10 0 0

Mr James Whitworth 1 1 0- James Kenyon 50 0 0- Samuel Moscrop 5 0 0- John Howarth 5 0 0Miss Smethurst 5 0 0-A. Mason 5 0 0- Ann Gee 20 0 0Mr James Fitton 5 0 0- John Schofield 1 11 6- Jeffrey Hoyle 1 0 0- Henry Farrar 1 0 0- Robert Frankland 1 1 0- John Thomas Wilson 5 0 0

William Booth 5 0 0Mary Aspinall 30 0 0Mr E. G. Hopwoo 50 0 0Messrs J . and W. Whitehead 10 0 0Mr Lawrence Hall 5 0 0Messrs Whittaker and Milner 2 2 0A Friend 4 0 0Mrs Alice Royds 1 10 0Mr William Hall 5 0 0Miss Atherton 10 0 0Mr T. W . Lloyd 10 0 0- Thomas Barlow 10 0 0- James Taylor 2 2 0- John Holt 2 0 0- C. Hodgkinson 1 0 0- Richard Clegg 25 0 0-- Squire Diggle 5 0 0- William Hanson (for a bell) with£10 additional when he hears thefirst peal 10 0 0

Workpeople of Messrs . Kershaw, a BELL .0 0Mr Adam Partington 10

- Edmund Ridings 10 0 0- John Barratt 0 2 6- Adam Grindrod 0 2 6- Edmund Whittaker 0 10 0- Samuel Ogden 0 5 0- Edmund Horrocks 0 5 0- William Hope 1 6 0- Ellis Tattersfield 0 5 0Miss Patience Rhodes 1 0 0Mrs J . Bates 0 13 0Mr Henry Street 0 10 0- Joseph M oore 1 6 0- U. Collinge 1 0 0- James Entwistle 1 6 0- Isaac Whatmough 5 5 0

William Greenhalgh 2 12 0- Edmund Greenhalgh 1 6 0- Benjamin Greenhalgh 1 0 0- James Horrocks 0 3 6

James Lawton 1 1 0- Thomas Farrow 0 2 6- Thomas Spencer 0 8 8

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£ s. d.Mr. William Chew 1 1 0Mrs Alderson 0 13 0Mrs Hanson 1 0 0Miss Ellen Howarth 5 5 0Mr Joseph Horrox 1 6 0Miss Sarah Brooks 1 6 0Mr James Chadwick 0 10 0- Thomas Pomfret 1 1 0- Abraham Dawson 1 12 0- John Beardsworth 1 6 0- Thomas Ashton 0 8 8Mr Edward Crabtree 0 13 0Mrs Mary Townrow 4 5 0Mr Thomas Chadwick 0 4 4Miss Mary Fletcher 0 8 8Mr James Wild 0 13 0- Thomas Slater 1 6 0- Robert Wolstenholme 1 1 0- James Ashton 0 13 0- Richard Turner 0 5 0- Duerr 0 8 8- David Crabtree 1 6 0- Robert Diggle 0 5 0- John Ashton 0 5 0- Thomas Stansfield 0 5 0- James Pilkington 0 10 0- John Wolstenholme 0 5 0- Alexander Black 0 8 8- William Schofield 0 5 0Miss Sarah Jacques 0 13 0Mr John Hanier 0 10 0- James Hall 0 13 0- Robert Pendlebury 0 13 0- James Ratcliffe 0 4 4- John Mawson 0 8 8- Abraham Stansfield 0 17 4- William Belshaw 0 13 6- James Howard 1 6 0- James Mills 1 0 0Miss Eliza Gee 5 5 0Alice Schofield 0 0 6- William Oldfield 0 10 0- Thomas Lewis 0 5 0- James Holt 0 10 0

Total £7887 16 6j

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.Jfriaip, Aarch 9th, 1906 .

NOTES.[172 .] SMETHURST HALL .

A friend has asked me to state through themedium of Notes and Queries what I knowabout Smethurst Hall . It is the first farm-house-on the south side of Rochdale OldRoad-past the Bury Union Workhou-e, andthe land in connection with the farm extendsto the Heywood boundary in the Roachvalley . What I know on the subject is verylittle, but it may be information to same ofyour readers .Of Smethurst Hall in the beginning I know

nothing. Presumably it was built by a gentle-man whose surname is given to the hall, theSmethursts being a very old South-East Lan-cashire family. In the reign of Queen Eliza-beth, however, the hall had come into theoccupation-and probably the ownership--ofthe Meadowcrofts, a family which rnultinliedgreatly, with branches centuries ago in variousparts of the tow-rishipa of Bury, Heap, Bam-ford, etc . The early Meadowcrofts ofSmethurst Hall ranked as gentlemen . Thewill of Richard Meadowcroft, of that place,was proved in 1581 . His widow was buriedat Middleton Church on May 7th, 1599 .Francis _Meadowcroft of Smethurst Hall wasburied at the same church on April 3rd, 1616 ;his wife on Septeimber 27th, 1614 . In Oug-dale s Visitation the pedigree of the familybegins with Richard Medowcroft ofSmethurst and his wife Jan daughter andco-heir of Gyles Aynesworth of Ayneswort-h--this Giles Ainsworth, I bel eve, being in - .ematernal line an ancestor of the late memberfor the Heywood Division, Colonel GeorgeKemp .The Richard Meadowcroft mentioned by

Dugd,ale, who gives the year of death as 166),would no doubt be identical with the gentle-man of that name who was buried (fromSmethurst Hall) at Middleton Church on Onto ,ber 23rd, 1661 . Richard Meadowcroft-whose

30arms are described by Dugdale as Argent,on a saltire, sable, five fleurs-de-lis of the first-had half-a-dozen sons and three daughters .One of the daughters, Dorothy, married JohnBrearcliffe (or Brearcliffe) of Halifax, and theyhad a son, Thomas Brearcliffe, who marriedSarah Bvrom, a sister of the famous JohnByrom of Manchester . The eldest of RichardMeadowcroft s eons was ale named Richard,who was 62 years of age at the time of Dug-dales Visitation (1664.) The last-namedRichard married Jane, daughter of JamesLever of Daroy Lever, and had four sons andseven daughters, the eldest son (againRichard) being 30 years old at the time of,the Visitation . kAfter the Meadowcrofts, Smethurst Hall

was occupied for many years by a familynamed Taylor. There was a John Taylor ofSmethurst Hall, who died in 1758, two yearsafter carrying out some structural alterationor restoration, which he signalised with thefollowing inscription on a doorhead stone (theletters signifying John and Mary, or Mar-garet, Taylor)

TI M1756.

There is very little left of the original hall,and time s effacing finger

has also accounted -

for the part which John Taylor took in hand-now covored by a substantial hen e whichwas erected some eighteen or twenty yearsago . But his memorial doorhead stone is pre-served, having been fixed over a doorwayinside the barn . The farm., I understand,belongs to Mr . Edmund Milnes, and for thelast six years or so it has been occupied byMr. John Ryding .

LECTOR .[173.] WILLIAM FITHIAN, BOOKSELLER .The following account of an incident m the

career of the late Wiiliani Fithian was writtenseme years ago by the veteran author, Mr .Joseph Johnson of Douglas, Isle of Man :-Mr. William Fithian was at one time a

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bookseller in Heywood. The shop which heowned in that town was a branch shop ; hischief business was in Shudehill, Manchester,which he carried on for a number of years .The Ileywood business was not very success-ful, and after a few months was relinquished .I remember being employed to dispose of thestock by auction . One fine summer s evening,a Saturday, was selected for the sale, as theworkpeople on that day were supposed to havesome spare cash in their pockets, and mightbe induced to spend a little of it on books .On arriving in Heywood I found the shopwas in aside street, not at all likely to attracta crowd . At the time announced for thebeginning of the sale no buyers turned up . Itwas soon evident that on that evening no salewould be held in the shop . As the peoplewould not come to the shop it was resolvedthat the shop, or at least its contents, shouldgo to the people. A stall was rigged up inthe Market Place and covered with books, inthe centre of which I stood, and was soonbusy knocking them down to the highestbidder . In the midst of what promised to bea good sale a pretentious vehicle passedthrough the market . It was driven by a manwho certainly was got up regardless of ex-pense . He was dressed in a suit of faultlessblack, gloves, white choker, and a shining hat .In the back seat sat his servant, a negro, inplush breeches, white stockings, and the usualbedizenments that, decorate the flu,nkevs ofMay Fair . The horse, a magnificent animal,was decorated with a set of silver-plated har-ness, which shone in the sun like gold .

Who is that? I asked .0b., said Fithian, that is the Quack

Doctor ; we shall sell no more ; all the peoplewill go to hear him .So far as the people going Fithian was right,

as I was presently left alone in the midst ofthe books . Not caring for this ignoble end-ing of the sale I cast about for the means ofassisting the Quack-as he had assisted us .Observing a tub near the stall I had it re-moved to within a yard of the Doctor s car-riage, and I mounted on the top of it. The

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Doctor was evidently taken aback with theproceeding, and ceased his operations until helearned the intention of the man on the tub,who began an address to the crowd with thewords : What is the great want of the age :?Common sense ; anct then followed a populardescription of the several organs of the body,their wants and purposes, ending with the ap-plication that a man who professed to makeand sell a box of pills for twopenee whichwould cure all diseases was either a knave ora fool, and that they certainly were fools whobelieved him and bought his pills, whichdoubtless were innocent of any substance otherthan mottled soap . What, I asked, is the .remedy for this class of imposition ?-Know-ledge-tbe dispersion of ignorance. How is itto be obtained? By reading books . Whereare they to be gof ? At the book auctionwhich I am about to re-commence, and whichI would recommend you to attend . Ageneral and immediate move was made, leav-ing the Doctor, who had not uttered aword, alone in his glory . Shortly afterwardshe drove away minus the bucketful of copperhe was accustomea to carry away as the resultof selling his pills-and the people. Beforeleaving he dolorously complained to a neigh-bouring stallkee,er that the book auctioneerhad no need to spoil his pitch ; and that hewould have shared the bunte with him .Mr. Fithian ultimately left Manchester, and .

was employed by the united Kingdom Alli-ance in London, where his son completed hislaw studies and was called to the Bar, andwhere he is now a practising barrister .

To the above may be added- that Mr .William Fithian died in 1894 . He is the heroof the story quoted at No . 65 of our Notesand Queries . His son, who was born in Hey-wood, is now Sir Edward W . Fithian, a shortaccount of whose career was given at No . 83 .

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-fribtg, march 30th, 1906 .

NOTES.[174.] DESCRIPTIONS OF HIYYWOOD AND

THE VICINITY.-H .HEYWOOD IN 1841-2 ; BY SAM. BAMFORD .The following account of the state of Hey-

wood in 1841-2 is extracted from Walks inSouth Lancashire, and on its borders, withletters, descriptions, narratives, and observa-tions, current and incidental . By SamuelBamford . 1844 . [J . Heywood, printer, Hey-wood] :-Hevwood is a large and modern village, in

the township of Heap, the parish of Bury,the magisterial division of Middleton, andabout eight miles north-west of Manchester .The township is near two miles in length, oneand a half in breadth, and comprises about twothousand two hundred and forty statute acres .It, is bounded on the north by the townshipof Birkle-cum-Bamford, on the south by thoseof Pilsworth and Unsworth, on the west bythat of Bury, and on the east by the townshipsof Castleton and Hopwood. Heywood has butrecently come info note as one of the largestand most populous villages in the county ofLancaster ; for which advancement it is in-debted to the mines of excellent coal in thetownships of Bamford and Hopwood, and toits industry in the production of manufactures .Forty-five years ago there was not probably afoundry, a machine-maker s shop, nor a cottonfactory in the places that of Makin Mill(commenced by old Sir Robert Peel) excepted .It was then inhabited by a few hundreds ofhandloom fustian weavers and manufacturersit has now the appearance of a busy and popu-logs manufacturin€ town, having several cattlefairs yearly, but no market. The number ofhouses, according to the last census return, istwo thousand nine hundred and fifty-two, viz :occupied, two thousand six hundred andninety-one ; empty, two hundred and fifty-VoL. 2.-Part 15.

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nine ; and in building, two . The number ofcotton factories and of woollen and fallingmills is, according to the same return, f-rty-ane-of which thirty-one are at present work .ing full time, three are working four days aweek, and seven are standing unemployed .The amount of population in the township isfourteen thousand eight hundred and forty-seven, viz . : seven thousand and seventy-onemales, and seven thousand seven hundred andseventy-six females .From enquiries and observations made by

the writer on the spot, it would seem thatt tueworking classes in the township of Heap, andthose in the village of Heywood in particular,are by no means in so destitute a condition asthe operatives of other districts are currentlyrepresented to be . Here (at Heywood) apublic officer states, That the rates are cer-tainly somewhat difficult to collect, but thatthe poor are not yet in that low, starvingcondition of which so much is heard at otherplaces ; that a new rate of one thousand fivehundred and fifty-four pounds has been laid,and it must be collected by the twenty-fifthof March, 1842 ; that there are no arrears ofrate, for the churchwardens and had over-sers will not allow a new rate until the oldone has been collected or accounted for ; andthat about• seventy persons only have beensummoned for rates during the year, and thosewere cases arising as much from a spirit ofreluctance as inability to pay . The system ofthe collector of rates in this township deservesnotice, and is worthy of imitation. He callson the working people on Saturdays after theyhave received their wages, and before they areentirely disbursed ; and be generally receivesa trifle, more or less, towards keeping themclear in the book . Shopkeepers and othertradesmen he makes aa point to call upon onTuesdays ; and the large ratepayers, the manu-facturers and landowners, on Wednesdays .And thus, by an undeviating method, afford-ing the poor opportunities to pay when theyhave money, he keeps his book clear ; and atthe close of the year he can say, There areno arrears of rates .

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Most of the manufacturers pay their work-people fortnightly ; one or two pay weekly ;and at one mill it is found more convenientto pay for the work on the same day on whichit is finished . From the -information thewriter received he would suppose the overageearnings of cardroom hands to be seven shil-lings weekly ; those of piecers, at six to eightshillings ; those of weavers, from nine totwelve shillings, according to their number oflooms ; and those of spinners, at twenty shil-lings clear ; supposing all to be working fulltime . Ono manufacturer, a most respectablereferee, supposed the average weekly earningsof the whole of hi, hands (and he employedeight hundred) one with another, would hetwelve shillings a week ; at a rough guess hecalculated that the average weekly earningsof the factory population of the township,when in work, would be about ten shillingsper head per week ; but if we suppose nineshillings, we shall be pretty safely within themark .

It is only recently that the three mills work-ing short time have, commenced doing so . Oneof them is in the twist line only, and anotheris in the manufacture of light cloths . It .sprobable that three out of every four lbs . ofcotton brought to Heywood are made into fus-tians, which is a branch of manufacture whichhas felt less of the depression of trade than,perhaps, has any other of the cotton fabric ;three-fourths of the hands have, therefore,with slight interruptions, been kept at work,and, as was observed by one party, so longay a family are in employment they knowlittle of distress . The workers, observedthe same person, have not yet begun to feelthe pressure of actual distress ; the shop-keepers and others of the middle class aremore embarrassed ; and, next to them, are themanufacturers, whose credit and capital areat stake ; many of these classes are in realitydistressed ; for though they do not experiencewant of necessaries, they feel distressed by thebadness of trade and the consequent involve-ment of their money transactions . Most ofthe shopkeepers, it was stated, sold their goods

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on credit, and took pay by instalments ; whena family was thrown out of employment, orpartially so, the payments would cease unlesswork was again obtained speedily. In thatcase the debt would be worth very little,factory hands being in the habit of removingto other places, and their habitations beingrarely so well furnished as those of operativesworking at their own houses .A person, well acquainted with the con-

dition of the operatives, informed the writerthat many of those out of work were in amost distressed condition, both as it regardedtheir_ food, clothing, and bedding ; and, thatso numerous were the applications for reliefat the residence of a wealthy and benevolenttradesman, that the lady of the house wasquite at a less how to comply with their soli-citations . A schoolmaster said his receiptsthis year had been so much as fifteen shillingper week less than the year previous . liedescribed the condition of his neighbours asvery bad ; he had from sixty to seventy veryfine children of both sexes in the school, allof whom were, no less than well dressed, verycleanly in their apparel, and, with one or twoexceptions, healthy in their looks ; and, with-out doubt, well fed . On this being remarked,he said they were mostly the children of per-sons above the common level of working men,such as book-keepers, overlookers, and thebetter sort of workmen. The children ofanother school were, however, going to dinnersoon after, and the writer observed that theywere about as good-looking as those he hadjust left .

The habitations of the factory hands were ofa slighter build than those which the writerhad noticed at Crompton and Oldham ; theyseemed to have been run up quickly, and forpresent need almost ; they were not in generalso well finished in the interior . In one ofthese houses a working family were just finish-ing their dinner of butcher s meat and pota-toes . They all seemed to be in good health,well clothed, and cleanly, and two good-look-ing young girls were in robust health . Thefloors were clean, the walls white, and the

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housewife had gottei her week s clothes wellwashed and hung to dry on lines across thehouse. They gave the same account of thecondition of the unemployed, as well as theshort-time workers, which others had done,saying they were very much distressed, andmany families were actually starving . Theirown condition, they candidly acknowledged,was much better . They were five of a family,and three were workers . One of the daugh • ,ters earned eight shillings a week at a cardingframe, and s nother daughter and the fathergot seven shillings a week each at steamweaving. Out of this they paid one shillingand a penny per week for coal, two shillingsand sixpence for rent ; and soap and candlescould not be less than ninepence per week,so they would have four shillings and four-pence to pay for these extras, leaving themseventeen shillings and eightpence for meatand clothing . This may be considered a fairaccount so far as they were concerned ; butit must be remarked that the two weaverswere working short tine.Perhaps the best opportunity of noticing a

mixed crowd of factory hands is at noon, whenthey are going from, or returning to, theiremploy . The latter was the case in the pre-sent instance, and tae writer does say, that,at Heywood, he was both surprised and pleasedon beholding the hands, of all descriptions,going along the main street in cheerfulness andcivility . He recollects a time when suchwould hardly have, been the case. The younlads were, moreover, cleanly and well clad ;there was not a ragged jacket in the wholelot, and they all wore good warm wooden clogs .The girls were as well dressed and as cleanly,or more so, if it were possible . There wasnot a torn petticoat nor gown to be seen (forthey all wore gowns) nor one dim or sluttish .All were neat and becoming. It was rainingsmartly at the time, and the girls, in conse-quence, were all covered, either with stoutcotton napkins tied round their heads, or withgood woollen shawls, or else they carried um-brellas, and not one of these latter were eitherbroken or shabby. A very pleasing and be-

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coining pride, the pride of decency, appearedto be commonly felt and acted upon by theyoung people of both sexes . So much for thefactory working population .

Blacksmiths were earning twenty-four shil-lings per week when at full work, but manywere working short time . A master, how-ever, allowed that there were other places atwhich the smith trade was doing worse .Moulders in iron works were getting theirusual wages of thirty shillings a week, whendoing full time ; mechanics, turners, and filerswould have twenty-four shillings, but all thesebranches were often on short time . Fustiancutters, of whom a considerable number residein one part of the village (Goodwin Lane) wereall doing very well ; many of them would pro .bably earn their fifteen shillings a week regu-larly, and some of them so much as twentyshillings .

On the whole we may conclude that, as atother places, those of the population only aredistressed who are in want of employment,and, according to the estimate of an intelli-gent person, they were here about one-sixth ofthe whole number . Nor were all such in theextremity of destitution, but some were muchbetter, some much worse off, than were thebulk of those out of employ. Of the numberof factory hands there was not any account inthe town, and, therefore, for the present, thenumber out of employ, or partially so, canonly be approached by a guess which, in theabsence of sufficient data, it were best todecline.

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,fxibap, A pril 61h, 1906.

NOTES.[175 .1 DESCRIPTIONS OF HEYWOOD

AND THE VICINITY .-II .(CONTINUED .)

HEYWOOD IN 1841-a ; BY SAM BAMFORD .

The slight sketch only which, owing toboisterous and excessively wet weather, I wasenabled in my last communication to give ofthe important village of Heywood, left meample room, as I considered, for further andmore particular observations, and the result-of these observations I now proceed to state .

Having a wish to visit Makeant Mill (notMakin, as spelled at page eighty), I turned offto the right of Wrigley Brook, and traverseda good cindered road for probably about half-a-mile, away from . the gloom and smoke, andright out into the open fields . On my leftwere retired winding paths along the bottomsand declivities of what, in spring time, arebeautiful and verdant slopes, each with itsrill of clear water hurrying to join the streamof the Roch which floats, as yet unseen,though we are within a few yards of itsmargin . In advance of us is a fold of houses,built somewhat in the form of a triangle ;and just before we arrive at these we shallprobably feel surprise at beholding on ourleft the black top of a square funnel or factorychimney, thrusting itself, as it were, out ofthe ground, and within a few yards of ourtrack. That was the top of the chimney atMakea-nt Mill . Of the mill itself we have, asyet, seep_ nothing, nor much of the landbeyond, save some young woods on a slopingbank, and some tenter grounds with whiteflannels drying in the wind. The place wherethe houses we have mentioned are situated iscalled Back-o th -Moss, and the houses them-selves were the habitations of persons workingat Makeant Mill. A house of superior appear-ance marks the resi, .ence of the manager ofthe works. The houses of the workers seem

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to have been built a considerable time ; theywere probably erected when the mill was en-larged and first became a cotton factory . Theinterior appearance of some which I enteredhardly bespoke so much of comfort, nor sogood a system of housewifery, as many I hadnoticed in Heywood . But much allowancemust, in such cases, be made for circumstances-for poverty and mental and bodily depres-sion . These poor people, I understood, had,during several previous years, been sadly dis-tressed for want of work, and had also muchto complain of with respect to the absenceof moral and social comforts . They were nowdifferently circumstanced, and were beginningto reap the advantages of improved manage-ment. A little further than these houses isa row of good-looking modern cottages, in-cluding a provision shop and a public-house .

Turning to the left at the top of this triamgular fold we come, after advancing a fewyards, within view of the valley and streamof the Itoch, which here, after bending toreceive the waters of the little brook Nadin(No-din, or silent water), pursues its coursebetween the woods of Birkle and the steepand less wooded banks of Heap. After takinga glance at this fine, deep, and silent valley,with its lonely cottage at the bottom and itsbroad straight stream gliding down, one islittle prepared for any other objects save thoseof wild and unadorned nature ; but one turnoff the eye towards the left, and downwards,brings within our ken the roof of an irregularbuilding, evidently a manufactory from itschimney, and the form and arrangement ofmany windows. We descend then rapidly agood cindered cart road ; an old woman in acottage directs us to the counting-housewhere, if the gentleman, Mr . Olemishaw, whohas had the management about eighteenmonths, be within, we shall receive any infor-mation which might to be asked respectingthe present state of the operatives, the natureof their employment, and the amount of theirremuneration . I walked through every roomof this mill, and I do say that for cleanliness .good air, and the comfortable -appearance of

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the worker,-,, I never saw anything that ex-ceeded it. It is a throstle spinning establish-ment, and employs about one hundred andeighty hands. The boys of thirteen or four-teen years of age were decently clad, and theirclear plump looks showed they did not go toa scanty porridge dish at home . The girlsand young women were as well looking . Theyouths and up-grown men were decent andcleanly ; and the only drawback to my entiresatisfaction in looking through the mill wasthe observation that several of the married,child-bearing women and women in yearsseemed weekly and emaciated ; some of theelder ones also were deformed as if from weak-ness . But others of the married femaleslooked quite well . The hands had been inconstant work during the last eighteen months,and their earnings would average about nineshillings per week .

This mill was at first a small woollen manu-factury ; afterwards Sir Robert Peel, the elder,purchased it and, making some additions, con-verted it into a cotton factory ; it was the first

,~ which ever worked in the township of Heap .alt has been frequently surmised that the pre-sent Sir Robert has a share in this and othermanufacturing establishments in Lancashire ;

ybut such is not the fact, and Make-ant M44-as well as a factory at Radcliffe, are the pro-perty of a relative of Sir Robert s.As I ascended the road again I could no`~

but turn and enjoy another look of thevalley : and I left the place with a wish thatnone of God s human creatures were worse offthan those I had just seen in the old quiet-looking mill below .

From this place to the large manufacturingestablishment of Messrs . Fenton at 1~oo1eyBridge was but a step . On a sudden weccme upon the edge of a deep bank of theRoch . Immediately below are the gas-works ; on the other side of the river arisesthe huge pile of building which the Messrs .Fenton have constructed for a manutacntory .Numerous cottages extend in rows along thevalley and beside the highway . One row inparticular below the mill and above the

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stream are fronted with spacious and neat gar-dens, and the whole together looks like apretty new village, with aa large workshop inthe middle. I descended the bank and overthe bridge, and observed that the houses werein decent and respectable condition, and,judging from the appearance of the habita-tions, we might suppose that the inmates wereall of the better class of workpeople . I wasprevented from entering the factory . Ayoung man in the yard referred me for per ,mission to Mr . Fenton at Bamford Hall or toMr. Schofield, the manager, who was at homebut indisposed . I preferred calling on thelatter, and, having explained the object of myvisit to aa servant, she returned with the mes-sage that my request must have two or threedays consideration ; I must call again in afew days . I told her I could not do that,and came away .At four schools which I visited, viz ., one

built by Mr. Kershaw, a manufacturer, nearWrigley Brook ; St . James s Infant andJuvenile School ; and St . Luke s InfantSchool, I found remarkably fine and healthychildren, to say nothing of their pretty andintelligent looks, of which their parents areno doubt a little proud already, and not with-out cause. I know something of Heywo :edand have done so during forty years, but Imust say that I never expected to have beheldin that place so fine a race of children as Isaw this day ; not a dim-looking shirt-collardid I observe, save on one boy, in the wholelot of about five hundred and fifty-not asmutty-looking face except those of some twoor three lads who had probably soiled themat play . When the little folks held up theirhands which, at one school they (lid at thebidding of the master and in the course oftheir daily exercise, it was really pleasing tobehold so many innocent countenances beam-ing with joy, and their tiny fingers and palmsas clean as were ever seen in human mould ;and then their neatly-combed hair and theirclean apparel were in keeping with the purelittle beings themselves . Of one thing I feltsatisfied, that however we might have changed

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as a community in some respects the mothersof these children were an improved racedecidedly ; and would, doubtless, impart totheir offspring a due portion of their advancedcivilisation and humanity . At the same build-ings Sunday schools are held, and about onethousand five hundred scholars attend on thosedays .

I next went into an extensive weaving shed,i .i which several hundreds of looms were atwork. The hands differed but little in appea .•-once from those I had seen at other places .I thought, however, that this shop was morecrowded than any I had yet visited . A dustarose from the dried paste with which thewarps had been dressed, and rested on every-thing on which it fell : this would be scmedrawback on health . The further parts of theroom appeared somewhat dim in consequenceof the dust . This, however, might be acci-dental, and the result of the quality of someparticular lot of flour from. which the pastehad been made . In other rooms of the samemill I found the arrangemer_ts quite as goodas any I had seen of the same description ofn,ranufacture . The carding-room was certainlyrather close, but not so much ;o as some I

bad entered . The scutching room was, as isusual, thick-aired and dusty ; about the sameas are some places in a flour or a logwoodmill .At Messrs . Cleggs and Hall s mill there were

about four hundred looms, weaving fustians ofvarious dc_ criptions . I went through oneroom and observed the same appearances ofgeneral good health and personal neatnessamongst the operatives as I had noticed atother places . Most of the weavers were youngpersons, and of those both sexes were ern-ployed-the greater part, perhaps, beingfemales ; others seemed to be married womenand men, and some of the latter were over-lookers . The place, I thought, was betteraired than the last I had visited, but it wasstill crowded, and there seeuied in this as inother weaving shops to have been the strictesteconomising of room . An old veteran waspointed out who bad been in many battles

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during the last war : he was also with SirJohn Moore at Corunna . After the war hewent to Canada, and had some land allottedto him on being discharged ; but he left itand returned to England to end, as it seems,his days as a factory worker .

Standing at the door of this mill, and look-ing southward, we may catch an idea of theorigin of the name of the township (Heap) .A number of broad green mounds, exactly liketumuli, rise amongst the fields and meadowsto a considerable distance . Some are larger,.some are smaller than others, and Hind Hill,on which the residence of Mr . Clegg, one ofthe partners, is situated, appears to have beenamongst the largest of the mounds on thatside . The mill itself stands on what wasoriginally one of these Heaps, but northward,towards Rochdale, several large ones havebeen out into for sand, and now afford, asthey long will do, a plentiful supply of thatvery useful article .

Izzbay, April 13th, 1906 .

NOTES.

[176.] HEYWOOD HALL AND SMETHURSTHALL FAMILIES .(See Note No . 172 .)

By way of addendum to the Note printedon -larch 9th, it may be stated that HenryBury, the founder of Bury s first GrammarSchool, stated in his will, bearing date Octo-bEr 22nd, 1634 :- I desire Mr. Robert Hey-wood, of Heywood Hall, and Mr . RichardMeadoweroft, of Smethurst Hall, to be over-seers of this my will and assistants to nineexecutors, and I do give unto either of themforty shillings for their pains . Robert Hey-wood and Richard Meadowcroft were also ap-pointed by Henry Bury to act, along withseveral other gentlemen, as feoffees orgovernors to the said school .

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One of the a£orenamed overseers ofHenry Bury s will would be identical withRobert Heywood, the poet, who is said tohave rebuilt Heywood Hall in 1611, and someaccount of whom is given by Mr . J. A. Greenin his excellent local Bibliography . Mr .Green says that Robert Heywood died in1645 . In the Bury Parish Church registers itis recorded that Mr. Robert Heywood ofHeywood was interred on January 19th,1646-7 . Was this Robert, the poet, orRobert, his son? Several of the poet s ch ;l-dren were christened at Bury, includingRobert (on July 19th, 1639 .)As regards the Meadowcrofts of Smethurst

Hall, it has already been pointed cut that inDugdale s Visitation the pedigree begins withthe Richard Meadowcroft who died in 1661(the Visitation erroneously giv ng it 1660 .) Ifind that ;n a local lawsuit which was at hear-ing in 1549-50, one of the witnesses wasRichard Medowcrofte, gentleman, aged 29 .

This, no doubt, would be the RichardMeadowcroft of Smethurst, whose will wayproved in 1581 ; and probably he was grand-father of Mr. Richard Meadoweroft, of Smet-hurst Hall, mentioned in Henry Bury s will.

LECTonn .

[177.] A 1670 CONVENTICLE 1N A DARKCORNER OF BURY PARISH .

In 1845 the Chetham Society publishedThe Life of Adam Martindale, written by

himself and now first printed from theoriginal manuscript in the Briti-h Museum .Adam Martindale was born at High Heyes,

Moss Bank, Present, and was baptized 21stSeptember 1623, at the Parish Church, Pres-cot . He was clergyman at Rostherne ParishChurch from 1649 to August 27th, 1662, andthen deprived of his benefice for non-compli-ance with the Act of Uniformity in the reignof Charles H. He was nursed from his cradlein the atmosphere of that great Revolution,mixing from his childhood in the military andreligious turmoils which then agitated everyportion of society from its surface to itscentre .

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He gives the following account on page 193of an interesting incident in his life whichtook place in the neighbourhood of Bury about1670 .

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In the interim, there way so great conni-vance at public and private preaching inBolton parish, and several of the parishes ad-acent, that, except it was now and then togratify some great person or special friend(and that so as would consist with my mini-sterial work) I did not practice teachingmathematics at all . Yea, even such highEpiscopal men as Dr . Howorth (1), and Mr .Moseley (2), justices of the peace, were en-gaged to me, and paid me nobly to teachin their houses, though they knew I preachedpublicly in two neighbour chapels, Gorton andBirch, and possibly might hear that I did thelike in my turn at Cockey, Walmseley, Dar-win, etc . ; and for all this I never fell intoany considerable trouble but only once-andthat ended well . It is true my great friend,the Bishop, sent out his Significavit againstme with several others ; and Mr. James woodof Cbowbent (3) was catched and sent toprison ; but to his great advantage, throughthe kindnesses done him by many . But thatagainst me, through the civility of Dr .Howorth, was a little delayed, and shortlyafter it died with its author, the Bishop .This, therefore, I reckon not as any trouble.`But that I hinted at before, was this :

when the former Act against Conventicles wasout, and no new one made, Adam Fearneside(4), a good friend of mine, desired me to joinwith a worthy neighbour of his, Mr . JamesBradshaw (5), late of Macclesfield, to keep aday of preaching and prayer at his son-in-law s house, in a dark corner of Bury parish .His daughter (the wife of the house) beingneither able to go on foot nor on horsebackto any place for her soul s good, I consented,and began the exercise ; but Dean Bnuge-man, being then at his son Greenhalgh shouse,of Brandesham (6), and hearing of it, peoplewere sent to take us up, and return ournames, etc. But the door being shut, andthey having no warrant to break it, I went on

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se.mingly unconcerned, till I had done mywork and then calmly concluded, all mybrothers being unwilling to go on . All thiswhile the doors were guarded that we mightnot escape (forsooth), and after a time openedby the master of the house. All the resthaving their names taken, were suffered togo at liberty, but I was carried before theReverend Dean who, knowing me well, saidhe wondered that I would expose myself tothe lash of the law for conventicling andunder his nose. I told him he was mistakenit was no conventicle, either by statute,common, or canon law . As for the first, therewas no statute in force that defined it ; andfor the second a Conventicle, by commonlaw, his own brother, the Lord Chief Justice,had defined it, upon the bench, to be a meet-ing together to plot against the King andState, which he could not imagine of a com-pany of men, women, and children, whereofmany had never seen others face before . Asfor the canons, I told him there were onlytwo cases that were made oonventicles bythem, and this was neither as I clearlyproved. He said then it was a riot, for wewere mire than ten. I answered, what ifwe were ten score, when none of us wore aweapon, gave an uncivil word, or (lid anyunlawful act? After some other discourse ina loving and familiar way he dismissed me,pretending kindness to me for my LordDelamer s sake, desiring of me only twothings : first, that I would not go publiclythrough Bury, but take a more private waytoward Bolton ; secondly, that I would for-bear preaching near that place for a fort-night s time, at the end whereof he was togo to Chester . I promised him I would not,and kept my engagement exactly ; but whenI was gone home he caused my companionsand me to be indicted at the Sessions thenholden at Manchester, and ney name was putin the front of all . In due time we appearedto the indictment, and overthrew it ; therebeing but two witnesses produced against us,whereof one was set in a place so far fromthe house that he knew not what was said

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nor done, as he upon oath affirmed . Theother being a Bury man that died soon after)swore so desperately what he could not knowthat our council, Mr. Pennington, made histestimony ridiculous to all the court, for heswore that he, being without, heard me preach-ing in the house ; and yet he confessed hehad never seen me nor heard my voice before,nor had I spoken a word in court till he hadtaken this oath . So that he had no pretenceto ray that he knew my voice nor that heheard it again. The jury forthwith returnedus not guilty ; apd the costs, being 24 shil-lings, were paid by the friend that invitedme (7) .

(1) There were two men of considerableeminence in Manchester of the name ofHoworth during and subsequent to the CivilWars, both descended from the same house,though of very opposite principles, and bothin the commission of the peace . RichardHoworth of the Thureroft family, born 1598,was a bencber of Gray s Inn and an activePresbyterian He died in 1663, leaving largeestates to an only daughter . TheophilusHoworth of Howorth Hall, in the parish ofRochdale, was a man of lofty pretensions tonoble descent, and was honoured with the con-fidence of all the distinguished Royalists ofthe county. He was skilled in heraldry, etc .,and was the correspondent of Dugdale, Ash-mole, and other literary men of the time .He married Mary, daughter of HenryAshurst, Esq., and had a son (afterwards Cap-tain Henry Howorth) to whom Martindalewas tutor

(2) Nicholas Mosley, of Ancoats, Esq ., bore10th September, 1612, married Ann, daughterof John Lever of Alkrington, Esq ., and wasjustice of peace for the county at this time .

(3) Calarny says that Mr. James Woods, ofChowbent Chapel, was the son and father ofa dissenting minister, and that the Woodspreached there for above a century .(4) Adam Fearnside was maternal ancestor

of the Hardmans, of Allerton Hall, Rochdale,a Presbyterian family of some note in the lastcentury .

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(5) Mr. James Bradshaw was a native ofDarcy Lever, of a considerable family . Hewas at one time minister at Wigan and thenat Macclesfield, where he was silenced. Hewas at one period allowed to preach atHoughton Chapel in Dean Parish, and after-wards at Bradshaw Chapel, by the connivanceof Mr. Bradshaw, of Bradshaw Hall . He diedin 1683, being reputed a man of considerableability .

(6) Thomas, son and heir of Richard Green-halgh, of Brandlesome Hall, in the parish ofBury, Esq., married a daughter of JohnBridgman, D.D ., Dean of Chester, and after-wards Bishop of Man, of which island hisgrandfather, John Greenhalgh, Esq ., hadbeen governor under the great Earl of Derby .

(7) Once more does Adam s legal ingenuityliberate him from the fangs of the law.Indeed, it seems all to have been required inthose persecuting days .

JOHN FENTON .

,fribtj, April 20th, 1906 .

NOTES.

[178.] DESCRIPTIONS OF HEYWOOD ANDTHE VICINITY.-III .

HEYWOOD IN 1839; BY EDWIN BUTTERWORTH .The following account of Heywood in 1839

is extracted from An historical descriptionof the town of Heywood and vicinity . ByEdwin Butterworth . Heywood : V. Cook,printer, Market Place . 1&40. The authorwas occupied for six years in collectingmaterials for Edward Baines s History ofLancashire, and his account of Heywood isbased on these notes .Heywood is a town in the township of Heap,

the parish and manor of Bury, the magis-terial division of Bolton-le-moors, the hun-dred of Salford, and the county of Lanca-ter,or Lancashire .VOL . 2 .-Part 16.

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The district of Heap is of oblong form, prin-cipally stretching on the southern bank of theriver Roch ; the portion on the northern sideof that river seems to belong naturally to theadjoining township of Birtle-cum:-Bamford inthe parish of Middleton, but it is probablethat this section was attached to Heap bythe ancient lords of the manor of Bury ; thethird part of this parochial division is entirelyisolated from the rest by the intervention ofPilsworth and Hopwood in Middleton parish ;it is, however, invariably styled Whittle-in-Heap .

The body of the township is about two milesin length, and nearly one mile and a half inbreadth ; comprising 2,240 statute acres,the aggregate of acres Lancashire measure inHeap has been stated at 1,478, and inWhittle at 5524 ; a third author gives thetotal acreage - in customary measure orCheshire acre as nearly 1800 .On the north Heap is bounded by Birtle-

cum-Bamford, on the south by Pilsworth andHopwood, and partly by Unsworth, on thewest by Bury, and on the east by Bamford,C,zstleton, and Hopwood .Heywood, the principal place in Heap, is

situated on gently rising ground, not half-a-mile from the southern bank of the Roch, inabout north latitude 53 . 35, and west longi-tude from Greenwich in degrees 2-15, 8-miles N.N.W. of Manchester, by the turn-pike road, and 921 by the Heywood branchcanal, and Manchester and Leeds railway ;192 N.N.W. of London, 51 S .S.E. of Lan,caster, 3 E .S .E. of Bury, 3 W .S.W. of Roch-dale, and 3 N.W. of Middleton .The origin of the designation Heap is not

at all obvious ; in the earliest known mentionof the place it is termed Hep, which mayimply a tract overgrown with hawthorn-herrie3. The name might arise from the un-evenness of the surface, beep (Saxon) indica-ting a mass of irregularities . The denomina•tion Heywood manifestly denotes the site ofa wood in a field, or a wood surrounded byfields .

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The manor of Bury, and other valuableestates, were granted under the great seal toThomas Stanley, Earl of Derby, the first ofhis family who bore that title . The manor isstill enjoyed by the noble family of Stanley,the Right Hon . Edward Smith Stanley, thepresent and thirteenth Earl of Derby, beingthe present lord of the manor of Bury, ofwhich Heap is a part.A court leet is held at Bury annually, at

Whitsuntide, at which the constables of i.url,Heap, Elton, and Walmersley are appointed ;and a court baron for the recovery of debtsunder £2 within the manor may be held .Heap is also in the jurisdiction of the Burycourt of requests for the recovery of debtsunder £15 .During the several centuries which passed

away without any important events occurringto the ancient possessors of Heap, the die-trict was slowly progressing in the amountof its population and the extent of its culti-vated land,-yet there was not even a groupof houses, for the homesteads were far apartfrom each other; generally seated in shel-

--tered spots, by the :ides of the woods, andon the banks of rivulets ; then it was that alarge portion of this part of the countryabounded in scenes of rural beauty, from theintermixture of groves and lawns, in a stateof almost native wildness .

Flow flll d with quiet were these fields !Far off was heard, the peasant s tread!How clothed with peace was huanan life!How tranquil seem d the dead!

In the fifteenth century there were in thetownship several closes or heys of land arounda wood, not far from the centre, henceoriginated the name of Heywood .A few houses were shortly afterwards

erected, and they received the designation ofHeywood . A family bearing this nameflourished here for many generations ; butthey were never of much note in countygenealogy, though more than one were activein public affairs .

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In the visitation of 1664 are traced two linesof the Heywoods, those of Heywood andWalton, from the latter was descended SamuelHeywood, Esq ., a Welch judge, uncle ofSir Benjamin Heywood, Baronet, of Clare-mont, near Manchester . The armorial bear-ing of the Heywoods, of Heywood, was argent,three torteauxes, between two bendlets gules .The property of this ancient family prin-

cipally consisting of Heywood hall and adjoin-ing lands . . . . purchased by Mr . JohnStarky, of the Orchard, in Rochdale, in theletter part of the seventeenth, or the begin-ning of the eighteenth, century .-Mr. Starkywas living in 1719 ; his descendant JohnStarky, Esq ., married Mary, daughter ofJoseph Grebge, Esq ., of Chamber Hall, Old-ham,-John Starky, Esq ., who died March13th, 1780, was father of James Starky, Esq .,of Fell Foot, near Cartmel, Lancashire, thepresent possessor of Heywood Hall, born Sep-tember 8th, 1762, married September 2nd,1785, Elizabeth, second daughter of EdwardGregg Hopwood, Esq .-In 1791, Mr. Starkyserved the office of high sheriff of the county ;from this family branched the Starkies ofRedivals, near Bury . Heywood Hall is aplain but ancien_t house, partly shrouded inivy, and seated on an agreeable well-woodedeminence, overlooking the river Roch ; thiswas once a sweet retired spot, cool wit. thegreen shade of masted foliage, and cheeredby the pleasing aspect of tastefully disposedgrounds :

Pound a holy calm diffusing,Love of peace, and lonely musing .

The present occupant of Heywood Hall isJohn Hilton Kay, Esq .

Bamf ord gave name to a family at a remoteperiod. Thomas de Bamford occurs, about 1193 .Adam de Bamford granted land in vill deBury to William de Chadwyke in 1413 ; andSir John Bamford was a Fellow of the Colle-giate Church of Manchester, in 1506 . Forupwards of a century there is no mention ofthis family ; but I find that in 1719, Mr.William Bamford gave a bequest to the curacy

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of Heywood ; and that his descendant, Wil-liam Barnford, Esq., died in 1761, accordingto a monument in Bury Church . A WilliamBamford, of Bamford, Esq., served the officeof high sheriff of Lancashire, in 1787, he mar-ried Ann, daughter of Thomas Blackburne,Esq., of Orford and Hale, and was father ofAnne, lady of John Ireland Blackburne, Esq .,M.P . He was succeeded by Robert Bamford,Esq., who from his connection with the Hes-keths of Cheshire took the name of RobertBamford Hesketh, Esq., and married aliasFrances Lloyd, of Gwrych Castle,-their son,Lloyd Hesketh Bamford Hesketh, Esq ., whois now of Gwryoh Castle, Denbighshire, mar-ried Emily Esther Anne, youngest daughter ofEarl Beauchamp . The Bamford Hall pro-perty was sold several years ago to JosephFenton, Esq ., woollen manufacturer .-Thepresent mansion is situated an high ground,skirted by a wood on the north-west, and isa venerable house of three gables, apparentlyof the Elizabethian period-in the valley tothe west flows Nadin water . A handsome andspacious residence has been lately erected byJames Fenton, E q ., a short distance to thesouth, with the view of superseding the oldhall.

QUERIES.[179.] MISS E. LIVSEY .

Information about this local writer iswanted. For the benefit of the local CottonFamine Fund she wrote some lines On theDistress of Lancashire in 1862 . The lineshad the merit of being tender and pathetic,and doubtless achieved the writer s object. Ithas been said that Miss Livsey wrote severalother pieces, got married, and with her hus-band settled in Amer ca, I shall be glad tolearn more of her .

J. A . GREEN.

[180.] JOHN BRIGHT IN HEYWOOD .Will anyone supply details of the two or

three meetings in Heywood which were ad-dressed by John Bright?

LEMuaL.

5 4[181.] WILLIA-11 HOLLAND, Esq .

What is there known of the career ofWilliam Holland, a successful local iron-monger, who bought Heywood Hall?

GARCIA .

[182.] THE OLD COACH DAYS .Now that Bury, Heywood, and Rochdale

are joined in the electrical bond of brother-hood, it may serve the purpose of this columnto recall the means of communi_ation informer days . As there are nanny persons stillliving in Heywood who remember the oldcoaching days, it would be a good thing tohave some account of that mode of travel-lag. Will some old Heywoodite

kindly

send me this information?J. A. G11ESN.

,fribap, April 27th, 1906 .

NOTES.[183.] DESCRIPTIONS OF HEYWOOD AND

THE VICINITY. III .HEY WOOD IN 1839 ; BY EDWIN BUTTERWORTf .One of the principal abodes of the memor-

able family of Holt, formerly existed atGristlehurst, which Dr . Whitaker incorrectlydescribes as in the parish of Middleton .Ralph Holt, the first of his rave at Grizzle-hurst, is said to have been a second son ofa Holt of Stubley ; his great grandson,Thomas Holt, Esq., of Grizlehurst, wasknighted by Edward, Earl of Hertford, inScotland-Sir Thomas Ho .lt received a grantof the manor of Spotland, from Henry theEighth in 1542 for £641 16s . 8d.! His grand-son, Thomas Holt, Esq ., was great-grand-father of Thomas Posthumous Holt, Esq ., oneof the intended knights of the order of theRoyal Oak, who, according to a AIS. memo-

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randum, died 26th March, 1669, after sown-sett a hower, as they report it . He devisedGrislehurst to his cousin Alexander Holt, ofLondon, goldsmith ; his great-grandson, Wil-liam Hoit, Esq ., was of Little Mitton .-Elizabet-h, eventually sole heiress of William,married Richard Beaumont, of Whitley-Bee umont, Esq., Yorkshire, in 1747, and died1791 ; he sold Grislehurst about the middleof the last century, and was father of RichardHenry Beaumont, Esq ., F.S.A., an accom-plished antiquary . Of the habitation of theHolt s, there are few remains; it is now in-habited by a farmer.

Bridge Hall or Bridge House, on the banksof the Roch, in the westerly part of the town-ship, near Heap Bridge, was the residence ofRoger Holt, gent., living in the reign ofCharles the First, his son, Peter Holt, gent .,was brother-in-law of Robert Gregge, Esq .,father of Joseph Gregge, Esq ., of ChamberHall, Oldham . The family of Nuttall havepossessed the estate some time ; and RobertNuttall, Esq ., of Kernpsey, Worcestershire,is the present owner . This early abode isdecorated by mullion windows .Within a mile of Heywood in an easterly

direction, in the township of Castleton, in theparish of Rochdale, stands Chamber House,some years ago the habitance of anotherbranch of the prolific family of Holt, of whomwas Robert Holt, gent ., who died March 23rd,1825, aged 89 ; his daughter, Elizabeth, mar-ried Mr. John Orford, of Manchester, andRobert Orford Holt, Esq ., is the present re-presentative of the family . In the vicinityis Merland, an ancient but small village, theseat of the Merlands, as far back as the twelfthcentury. Andrew, son of Alan de 1lerland,bequeathed his body to be buried at the prioryof Stanlaw ; the place received its name fromthe adjacent meer or small lake ; which coversabout seven Lancashire acres ; the morassesaround afforded the last retreat in this coun-try to the black game .The yeomanry family of Hill were residents

of Heady Hill, an elevated situation not farfrom the centre of Heap, for a considerable

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time-see article St . Luke s Chapel. A dwel-ling at Heady Hill is pointed out as havingbeen a place of meeting of the rebels in 1745,though it would certainly be out of the lineof their march from the northward . In acopy of a terrier of the rectory of Bury (inthe possession of the author) dated November5th, 1696, it is stated that parcels of mossupon Heap Moor and Bullow Moor are in theoccupation of the rector himself for gettingTurves .During the sixteenth century Heywood

became a village of agricultural labourer s cot-tages ; and as intercourse gradually increasedbetwixt the towns of Bury and Rochdale, thelocal importance of tha spot was seen, andaccordingly rendered available to the con-venience and advantage of an augmentingpopulation . In the course of a few years anepiscopal chapel was requisite for the spiritualwelfare of the villagers, and such an edificewas therefore built ; cniefly by the munificenceof the owners of Heywo d Hall.The place formed a group of rural dwel-

lings, at the period when the cotton manufac__ture began to prevail ; and the apparatus thenin use to carry on this now extraordinarybusiness was about as rude and simple as thecotter s habitations of the olden time werecompared to those of the present day .

For the first fifty years of the fast century,the cotton trade was slowly extending here ;but in the succeeding fifty, such was the de-mand for goods and the large amount ofwages received, that the prudent handloomweavers and the thrifty spanning housewivesaccumulated. money, extended their manufac-turing transactions by employing additionalhands : thus population and trade rapidly in-creased .

The great sheet anchor of all cottages andsmall Earns was the labour attached to thehand wheel ; and when it is considered . thatit required six or eight hands to prepare andspin yarn sufficient for the consumption ofone weaver, it will be evident that there wasan inexhaustible source of employment forevery person from seven to eighty Sears of

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age who retained their sight and could movetheir hands. From 1770 to 1788 the use ofwool and linen - in the spinning of yarns bad.almaost disappeared, and cotton was becomethe a.hnast universal material for employment,the hand wheels were superseded by commonennies, hand carding by carding engines, andhand picking by fly shuttle . From 1788 to1803 was the golden age of this great trade,the introduction of mule yarns assimilatedwith other yarns producing every de=scriptionof goods, gave a preponderating wealththrough the loom. The mule twist beingrapidly produced, and the demand for goodsvery large put all hands in request, andweavers workshops became yearly morenumerous ; the remuneration for labour washigh, and the population were in a most com-fortable condition . (Radcliffe s Origin ofPowerloom Weaving, p. 59-66 .) The disso-lution of Arkwright s patent in 1785, and thegeneral adoption . of mule spinning in 1790concurred to give the most extraordinary im-petus to the cotton manufacture ; numerousmills were erected and filled with waterframes ; and jennies and mules were madeand set to work with almost incredible rapi-dity .The first cotton factory erected in Heap

was Makin Mill, on the banks of the Roch,north of Heywood, built about 1780, by theopulent firm of Peel, Yates and Company ofBury, the head of which was Robert Peel,Esq., afterwards created a Baronet, Novem-ber 29th, 1800, father of the present RightHon. Sir Robert Peel, Bart., and of EdmundPeel, Esq ., the present owner of the worksat Makin Mill . The first spinning mill com-menoed in the VTrra7gt- M Hey-wood was atWrigley Brook ; and is the one now belong-ing to Robert Kershaw, Esq . ; it was inexistence in the latter part of the last cen-tury. At that period Heywood was a villageof about two thousand inhabitants . Thecotton spinning and weaving trades materiallyaugmented during the first fifteen years ofthe present century, and consequently millsand dwellings increased every year . In 1817

58there were in Heap ten cotton mills, in 1824seventeen, in 1828 twenty, and in 1833 twenty-seven . The number of steam engines en-gaged in the cotton trade in 1833 was thirty-four, the aggregate of the horse power ofwhich amounted to 905, exclusive of oneengine used in machine making, one in paper-m-aking, and four in collieries, and of threewoollen mills, where the machinery was movedby water .

QUERIES .[184.] RIOT IN 1808 .

I have met with the following record underdate June 17th, 1808 : Six men were broughtto Lancaster Castle charged with rioting atHeap . A detachment of Dragoons came withthe coach which brought them . What werethe circumstances of this riot, and whatbecame of the prisoners? B .H .

,Jfribap, , aV 4th, 1906.

NOTES.[185.] DESCRIPTIONS OF HEYWOOD AND

THE VICINITY.-III .HEYWOOD IN 1839 ; BY EDWIN BUTTERWORTH .

In 1834-5 a return of Robert Rickards, Esq .,factory inspector, states the number of cottonmills in Heap at 31, the steam engines asequal to 801, and water wheels to 160 horsespower, and the total number of persons em-ployed 4,467 . The number of mills newlybuilt or enlarged during 1835-6 was three,the power of whose engines was equal to thatof 94 horses. [Returns of the Factory In-spectors, 1835-6 .] The number of cottonmanufacturing concerns, or firms, in 1838 wasabout 37, and the number of cotton mills inHeap in 1839 was about 34, and of steamengines 42 ; of the latter there are 38 in thevillage of Heywood and vicinity, whose poweris equal to that of 1,038 horses . The number

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59of carding engines is 377, power looms 4,167,spindle, 236,121, and the amount of handsdirectly employed 5,190 [Communication ofMr. Richard Burch, Heywood . There is awoollen manufactory at Heap Bridge, whichis 85 yards in length, by 75 in width, sup-ported by 253 pillars, and containing 2,688feet of shafting and 4,50 gas jets . In thevicinity is a large paper manufactory .] Thedescriptions of cotton goods manufacturedhere are chiefly velveteens, velvets, beaver-teens, swandowns, pillows, moleskins, etc .The spinners, eardroom hands, powerloomweavers, and other cotton mill operatives aretolerably remunerated for their labour ; thehours of work are limited by law to twelveper day, and nine on Saturday. Upwards ol .one-third of the millworkers are under-eighteen years of age, but none are belownine. The conduct and manners of a eon-s erable manufacturing community arediversified. The social condition and moralfeelings of the factory class of Heywood donot differ in any material features from thecharacter of the vast population similarlyemployed in other places. Notwithstandingthe marked improvement effected within thepresent century in provincial behaviour by ex-Umive means of education and increased reli-gious instruction, there is yet a large proper--tion of the operatives, adults as well asyouths, lamentably indifferent to any effortsaffecting their moral culture. This debasedportion of the population suffer more fromtheir improvident habits and intemperate con-duct than from lowness of wages or deficiencyof work . Amongst all degrees of the workingpeople even with many inconsiderate of theirdomestic welfare, an extended taste forgeneral reading is manifest. This cheeringchange is of recent growth, and is to beattributed to the late diffusion of religiousand scientific knowledge ; yet decided indica-tions of mental improvement are few .The districts abounding in cotton manufac-

tories present some singular features of ex-ternal aspect. The stranger in approachingsuch tracts is struck by the increase of dwel-

60lings at every step ; by the tall lofty chim-neys of glaring brick, which are soinetamesseen when in elevated situations at the dis-tance of miles, and by the huge extensivebuildings to which they are annexed . Suchis the appearance Heywood of

Thy crowded streets and manufactories,Where smoky volumes the gayprospectdim,While song and labour echo to the humOf vast revolving wheels!

A poetising factory operative thus metricallydescribes the interior of a cotton mill :

Here belts and roilers, spindles, shafts andBeer,

~lnd strange machinery to the sight appear ;Wheel within wheel in curious order rise,Of various metal and of various size ;Bands cross d and open, numerous here abound,While pleasing discords in the ear resound,Like the low murmurs, when the rising breezeDisturbs the surface of the ample seas .

[The Cotton hill, a poem, by John Jones .]The grosser operations of art are felt to

injure the beauties of nature . Cotton mills,pleasant vallies, ranges of uniform but neatcottages, groves of trees overshadowing fer-tile pastures, foul unsightly looking coalshafts, and productive corn fields but ill accordwith each other, yet they are all met within manufacturing districts intermixed to-gether .

The condition and disposition of the popula-tion employed in the cotton trade vary withtheir situation as to amount of earnings, ortheir desire for mental culture. The highersection such as managers, etc ., are generallywe11-behaved, well-situated, and prudent men,of considerable tact in their business, but des- .tiitute of extensive intelligence . Their neatdwellings, and the comfortable, even elegantcondition of their families, manifest that ex-pensive habits are perhaps required by im-proved circumstances . The spinners andweavers, with the vast number of youths andyoung females employed in conjunction withthem are, taken in a mass, of pale and sicklycountenances ; still many have most healthyand pleasing features, the difference may be

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owing to temper and constitution of body aswell as to the state of the mills and dwellings .In one respect there is little variation amongstthe young, this is in their assurance and thewantonness of their behaviour . The olderoperatives are addicted to habits of intem-perance, and the young ones imitate theirex-imple at an early age. It is lamentable toperceive the ignorance prevalent amongstmany females employed in factories as to themanagement of a household ; this is owing toall the early years of female life amongstthis class of people being entirely devoted tothe factory, where vicious courses are muchmore largely pursued than virtuous . Thelight and delicate fabrics of the loom, en-riched by the tasteful impressions of the calicoprinter and rendered cheap by their abun-dance, serve to impart to the humblest factorygirl neatness of dress .

This manufacture furnishes nearly one-halfof the exports of British produce and manu-factures ; it supports more than ono-eleventhof the population of Great Britain ; and itsupplies almost every nation of the world withsome portion of its clothing . [Bainests His-tory of the Cotton Manufacture, p . 432 .]The extraordinary growth of the cotton

trade at Heywood is of recent date, but itultimately produced a rapid increase of popu-lation . I have not met with any informationrespecting the number of inhabitants in Heap,prior to the commencement of the presentcentury .

In the Parliamentary return of populationcompiled 1801, the total of persons in Heap .is stated at 4,283-males 2,007, females 2,276 .In 1811 theumber of inhabited houses was831, families 866, houses building 1, unoccu-pied 22, families employed in agriculture 42,in trade, etc ., 817, other families 7, males2,400, females 2,748, total of persons 5,148 .-In 1821 there were inhabited houses 1,060,families 1,134, houses building 5, unoccupied14, families engaged in agriculture 50 . intrade, etc ., 1,018, other families 66, males3,220, females 3,332, total persons 6,552 .-In1.831 the decennial return of population pre-smt-ed the subjoined results : Inhabited house

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1,693, families 1,981, houses building 37, un-occupied 39, families employed in agriculture97, in trade 722, other families 1,162, males5,048, females 5,381, total of persons 10,429,males twenty years of age and up\vaidg2,275, occupiers of land employing labourers24, occupiers not employing labourers 42,labourers employed in agriculture 83, in manu-facture or malting manufacturing machinery499, in retail trade and handicraft 340-capi-talists, professional men, etc ., 28, labourersengaged in labour not agricultural 1,188,other males upwards of twenty years of age,except servants, 56, male servants twentyyears of ago 15, under twenty 5, female ser-vants 58 . There is an obvious defect in thereturns for 1831, arising from the number offamilies unconnected with trade being statedat 1,162 ; this is evidently too high an esti-mate of the amount of that section of thepopulation .

In an analytical table of the births anddeaths registered in each district of the BuryUnion, according to the provisions of theRegistration Acts, from July 1st to Septem-her 30th, 1837 it is stated that in Heywooddistrict, consisting of Heap, Hopwood, andPilsworth, and containing 15,234 persons, theregistered births were 107, -deaths 71 ; fromOctober 1st to December 31st, 1837, births121, deaths 74 ; the results of the generalregistration for one year, from July 1st, 1837,to June 30th, 1838, in this district were,births 535, males 287, females 248 ; deaths421, males 217, females 204 . The presentnumber of inhabitants in Heap is about14,000 . The estimated annual value of thelands, messuages, and other property in 1815way £8,861, in 1829 £27,820 .

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