C S T M I C R O W A V E S T U D I O ®H F D E S I G N A N D A N A L Y S I S

C H A N G I N G T H E S T A N D A R D S

CSTdevelopsandmarketssoftwareforthesimulationofelectromagneticfieldsinallfrequencybands.CST’ssimulationtoolshavebenef itedfromover20yearsexperienceintheareaofnumerical fieldcalculation.Acomprehensivenetworkof distribution andsupportcentresinEurope,theFarEastandNorthAmerica,ensureoptimalserviceforeverycustomer.CST-ComputerSimulationTechnology»Changingthestandardsfor3DEM simulation«.

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CST develops and markets software for the simu-lation of electromagnetic fields in all frequencybands. CST’s simulation tools have benefitedfrom over 20 years experience in the area ofnumerical field calculation. A comprehensivenetwork of distribution and support centres inEurope, the Far East and North America, ensureoptimal service for every customer.

CST – Computer Simulation Technology »Changing the standards for 3D EM simulation«.

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Beside the flagship module, the broadlyapplicable Time Domain Solver, CST MWSoffers two further modules for specificapplications: the Eigenmode and Frequen-cy Domain Solvers. Filters for the importof specific CAD files and the extraction ofSPICE parameters enhance design possi-bilities and save time. In addition, CSTMWS is embedded in a larger design en-vironment through CST DESIGN STUDIO™whose open architecture provides a linkwith external simulators.CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® is seen by anincreasing number of engineers as an industry standard development tool.

CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® is a specialisttool for the fast and accurate simulationof high frequency problems on a PC in aWindows® based environment. Applica-tions include, amongst others: couplers,filters, planar structures, connectors, EMCand SAR problems, packages, and all kindsof antennas.

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CST MWS’s features will secure your designsa major time-to-market advantage.

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PerformanceHigh speed and low memory require-ments. Excellent geometrical represen-tation through PBA. Parallelisation formulti-processor boards.

Ease of useIntuitive GUI makes CST MWS easy tolearn and use. Special templates forantenna design, EMC problems, filtertuning, TDR and other applications areincluded to make your life easier.

Import / ExportImport / export filters for CAD data withautomatic and powerful healing optionssave valuable time.

OptimisationFull parameterisation promotes excellentdesign through the use of a highly effi-cient optimiser.

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PerformanceCSTsimulatorshaveproventheiroutstandingaccuracyandspeedinnumerouspublicbenchmarkspublishede.g.byMicrowaveEngineeringintheyears19951999and2000.AllkindsofMWdeviceshavebeenanalysed:awaveguidepowersplitter,microstripphaseshifter,waveguidefeddualmodecavityfilterandavivaldiantennaasillustratedonthissite.The combinationoftheprecisegeometricalrepresentationofthePerfectBoundaryApprox

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The combination of the proprietary PBA(Perfect Boundary Approximation®)technique with the unbeatable efficiencyof the Finite Integration method (FI) isthe basis for this success. Its numericaleffort increases more slowly with theproblem size than other commonly em-ployed methods.

It is this advantage which plays an increa-singly important role as problems becomemore complex and frequencies rise.The natural way to excite the structurein the Time Domain allows TDR-analysis(Time Domain Reflectometry), digital signal excitation for Signal Integrity ana-lysis, etc. and also the extremely fastextraction of the Frequency Domainresponse by Fourier transforming theTime Domain signals. Just one analysisautomatically delivers the S-Parametersfor the desired frequency band withoutthe risk of missing sharp resonance peaks(unlike with single frequency calculations).

Performance

CST simulators have proven their out-standing accuracy and speed in nume-rous public benchmarks published e.g.by Microwave Engineering in 1995, 1997and 2000.All kinds of HF devices have been analysed:a wave-guide power splitter, microstripphase shifter, waveguide fed dual modecavity filter and a Vivaldi antenna as illustrated here.

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Ease of Use

Many software vendors claim to have aneasy to use program. We find the mostconvincing arguments for CST MICRO-WAVE STUDIO® come from our usersthemselves:» CST MICROWAVE STUDIO is redefiningthe way we work. Never before had weanticipated having such flexibility atour fingertips from a 3D EM simulation package… The flawless layout of the GUIinterface enables the users to haveaccess to the design, parameterization,optimization and analysis tools in amouse click… CST MICROWAVE STUDIO

CAD Import Options

Reliable CAD interfaces are an importantrequirement to augment the design en-gineer’s throughput, since the redrawingof existing structure parts has to be re-garded as a major drawback.CST MWS is renowned for its excellentCAD-data import capabilities and thesophisticated healing mechanisms whichrecover the integrity of flawed or non-compliant data.The latter aspect is particularly momen-tous because the presence of one corrup-ted element can prevent the usage ofthe whole part. CST MWS provides theuser with an unprecedented robustnessand reliability in dealing with CAD-data.The diversity of mechanical drawing toolsentails a number of proprietary and stan-

CST MWS allows the generation of complex 3D sweeps. Any profile can beextruded along any path.

CST MWS features a multitude of CADimport options. In this RJ 45 connectorexample the 3D parts were importedthrough the STEP interface, while thePCB was provided in GERBER format.They were mounted in CST MWS, wherethe structure was completed using thebuilt-in modelling capabilities.

has turned out to be the most versatileand powerful 3D EM simulation tool wehave ever used. Furthermore, an extre-mely helpful and knowledgeable staffbacks up this package. «Frederic Lecuyer, RF Antenna Design Engineer,Radio Frequency Systems, Inc.

» The parameter and optimisation sys-tems have saved me so much time thatI'm looking for more things to do! «Mike Tonge, Broadcast Antenna Engineer,Alan Dick & Co Ltd.

» Your program ‘Microwave Studio’allows the design and calculation ofstructures in a very user-friendly man-ner. In this way it is accessible to everyHF / RF design engineer. «Ivo Germann, RF Design Engineer R&D,Motorola (Switzerland) AG.

dardised exchange formats.CST recognises the advantages of theintegration of CST MWS into a company’sCAD-environment by enhancing therange of available import options. In addi-tion to the already intensely used 2D(DXF, GERBER, GDS II) and 3D (IGES, SAT,STL) import formats, CST now featuresimport filters for STEP, CATIA® and Pro/E®.

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Optimisation

With the easy to use and fully automaticCST MWS optimiser, every parameter canbe varied and even complicated goals canbe defined in a very intuitive way.New and powerful optimisation strategiesallow optimisation even for multiple para-meters in a reasonable length of time.

The figures 1-4 illustrate the optimisationof a microstrip coupler. The goal of a per-fect S 41 transmission was reached byvarying the structure’s 4 parameters inless than 8 minutes simulation time on aPIII 800 MHz CPU.

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■ This octagon antenna consists of eightpatches and a microstrip network fedby a coaxial line.

■ This pillbox antenna is operated at 30GHz. The width amounts to 40 wave-lengths, leaving almost no alternativebut to use CST MWS. One U.S. customercommented »We would not havebuilt and tested the hardware if wehad had this software earlier«.

■ Wire antenna over a photonic band-gap (PBG) structure.The arrow plot illustrates the currentsof the improved set-up.

■ Sierpinski Multiband fractal antennawith reference to C. Puente-Baliarda et al., IEEE Trans. Ant. & Prop., 1998.

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■ Radiation of a mobile phone. The SARanalysis can indicate if a mobile phoneconforms with international standardsand regulations.

■ Electrically large structures, such asthis BMW, can be solved with relativelylow memory requirements. Manifoldimport options help to integrate theEM simulation into the developmentprocess.

■ CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® offers a wide range of application specific features. After the broadband calcu-lation of this enclosure’s farfield itis automatically shown whether theelectric field conforms with the desired norms and regulations at a distance of 3m or 10m.

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Radiated field versus EMC norms.

■ IC package TSSOP 24 simulated in co-operation with Infineon, Munich.With increasing clock rates in the fieldof high speed digital design, run timeand cross talk effects become evermore critical.

■ Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR),exclusive to the Time Domain, deli-vers valuable information such as signal delay, impedance jumps, andthe origins of reflections.Probes inside the structure can recordthe time dependent behaviour of thepropagating signals.

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■ The design of multipin connectorsand IC packages often requires theextraction of SPICE models.CST MWS is able to create SPICE net-lists, taking into consideration thebroadband HF behaviour.

■ Electric field propagation along thelines of an RJ 45 connector previouslyillustrated in the import options section.

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…■ ■ LTCC structure embedded in a lossysubstrate. The zoom shows thecurrent density on the metallic sur-face of the vias and of the multiplelayers.

■ ■ Interdigital capacitor with micro-strip excitation. For electrically smallstructures which are only studied at a few frequency points, the Fre-quency Domain Solver of CST MWSis an interesting alternative to theTime Domain.

■ ■ Current distribution of a 5 turn spiral inductor with an operatingbandwidth of 0 to 5 GHz.

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■ ■ 8-pole filter from TXRX, USA.The figure shows one of the modescalculated by CST MICROWAVESTUDIO®’s Eigenmode Solver. In ad-dition,the integrated Modal Analysisyields the complete S-Parametermatrix.

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■ E-plane waveguide diplexer from BSCFilters, UK.

■ Propagation of the electric fieldsthrough an H-plane triplexer at thethree pass bands. All results derived inone single broad-band Time Domain simulation.

■ ■ 3-post combline filter with induc-tive coupling through wire loops.

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■ Microwave plasma source µ SLAN,developed by the Microstructure Research Centre (fmt) in Wuppertal,Germany. The frequency dependentproperties of a plasma can be takeninto consideration.

■ Electric field distribution in a Y-junction circulator at 72.5 GHz. Thecentral sphere consists of an aniso-tropic ferrite material. Results are invery good agreement with E.K.N.Yung et al., IEEE Trans. MicrowaveTheory Tech., 1996.

■ Through the use of the new dispersivematerial models, the frequency depen-dent losses of a microstrip conductorcan be simulated broadband from 0 - 10 GHz in very good agreementwith measurements.

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CST’sdesignenvironmentisbuilttoanalyseandoptimiselargesystems.Acomplexstructureisbrokendownintosmallerparts,so-calledblocks,thatcanbetreatedindividually.CSTDSrecombinesthembytheirS-matrixdescription.InanoptimisationprocessCSTDSmaystartothersimulatorsondemand.Itsopenarchitectureenablestheusertopickthebestsolveravailabletotackleaparticularproblem(e.g3DEM,2.5DEM,in-housetools…).Itpossesses

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CST MWS 3D-model of a patch-antenna array with feed network.

CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® and CST DESIGN STUDIO™

CST’s design environment is built to analyse and optimise large systems.A complex structure is broken down in to smaller parts, so-called blocks, thatcan be treated individually. CST DESIGN STUDIO™ (CST DS) recombines themusing their S-matrix description. In an optimisation process CST DS may startother simulators on demand. Its open architecture enables the user to pick thebest solver available to tackle a particular problem (e.g. 3D EM, 2.5 D EM, in-house tools…).It possesses a continuously extended library of analytically described blocksthat can be quickly incorporated into a design through the drag and drop capable toolbar. CST DS’s interface is another example of CST’s efforts to createeasy to use software, based on the latest available technology. It is customisableby adding individually defined, parameterised blocks to the library (and thetoolbar). CST DS supports the creation of hierarchical models.The tight integration with CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® reveals synergetic effects, that can dramatically increase the engineers throughput. Resonantstructures may be broken down into non-resonant parts, that are much faster to access in a broadband Time Domain approach. Higher order modecoupling at the interfaces can also be taken into account, this can be particu-larly advantageous for filter designs.The combination of analytic elements and parameterised full 3D-models gives another speed up. Modifications can be made to parts of the structurewithout re-simulating the whole. CST DS takes over the control of the CSTMWS parameters. For library blocks based on CST MWS models, the results ofthe 3D simulations are stored in a data-base and accessed whenever needed.A new simulation will be launched when the results for a required parameterset are not available. CST DS’s de-embedding block allow the access to innerwaveguide ports in CST MWS models.

The CST DESIGN STUDIO™ graphical userinterface.A patch-antenna array is hierarchicallymodelled. At the uppermost level ➊ thestructure is represented by 2 Blocks.The feed network ➌ and the antennas(including de-embedding blocks) ➋ aretreated separately.CST DS can display the S-Parameters forevery block individually. In addition to thebuilt-in analytic blocks, CST MWS andSONNET em® models are used.

Please see CST DESIGN STUDIO™ brochure for further information.

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Design Environment

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* Included in standard package** Optional extras

CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®

■ T – Time Domain Module [ CST’s general purpose High Frequency Solver]■ E – Eigenmode Module [ Special solver for highly resonant structures]■ F – Frequency Domain Module [ Especially efficient for periodic and LF structures]

Optimisation, parameter studies, and VBA macro language are available within all modules. Multiprocessor capability** is optional for T and E.

CST DESIGN STUDIO™ [ CST’S Design Environment to combine schematic, layout, and EM simulation]

Anatomical Data Set

3D Import / ExportSAT*, STL*, IGES**, STEP**

3D ImportCATIA®**, Pro/E®**

2D Import / ExportBasic DXF*, Extended DXF**

2D ImportGerber**, GDS II**

OLE automation server*

CAD Tools (Pro/E®, AutoCAD®, CATIA®, I-DEAS®, …)

Data exchange withExcel®, Matlab®, Word …

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SPICE model extraction**

Human Data Interface**

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CSTMWS/TechnicalSpecificationsPleasenote:CSTMICROWAVESTUDIO®isaconfigurabletool.Notallfeaturesareincludedinthebasiclicence.Notallofthespecificationsapplytoallsolvers.ModuleoverviewBroadbandtimedomaincalculat ionofS-parameterandantennaproblems(MWS-T)Eigen-modecalculationincluding-modalanalysis(MWS-E)Frequencydomainsolverwithadaptivefrequencysampling(MWS-F)GeneralfeaturesFullyparameterised

CST MWS / Technical Specifications

Please note: CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® is aconfigurable tool. Not all features are includedin the basic licence.Not all of the specifications apply to all solvers.

Module overview- Broadband Time Domain calculation of

S-Parameter and antenna problems (MWS-T)- Eigenmode calculation including modal

analysis (MWS-E)- Frequency Domain Solver with adaptive

frequency sampling (MWS-F)

General features- Fully parameterised

(immediately or subsequently)- Powerful optimiser

(Powell and Quasi-Newton type, advancedmulti-level interpolation schemes)

- Automatic, multi-dimensional parameter sweeps

- VBA compatible macro language - Automatic macro recording- OLE automation server

Advanced Materials- Isotropic / anisotropic materials- Finite electric and magnetic conductivity- Lossy metals (skin losses)- Frequency dependent materials (1st and 2nd

order Debye, Lorentz, Drude media) - Realistic substrate losses

(frequency dependent conductivity) - Gyrotropic, ferrite materials

Modelling

- Fast interactive, mouse supported model input

- Design intent capture, using relationshipsbetween objects

- Template assistance for specific applications- Fully parametric 3D modelling- History list with unlimited undo / redo - Geometric representation ACIS based- Advanced modelling features such as helices,

blends, chamfer, extrusion, lofts- Profile editor- 2D object sweeps along 3D curves- Boolean operations on objects- Import of 3D-CAD

(SAT, STEP, CATIA®, Pro/E®, IGES, STL)- Import of planar structures

(DXF, Gerber and GDS II)- Parameterisation of imported objects- Interface to the anatomical volume data set- Automatic, powerful healing of imported

geometries- Automatic mesh generation (expert system)

and adaptive mesh refinement

Solver features- Precise geometry description due to Perfect

Boundary Approximation® (PBA) and ThinSheet Technique (TST)

- Excitation with port modes, discrete elements (inner ports), and plane waves

- Port mode calculation by 2D-Eigenmode Solver- Multi-port/multi-mode excitation- Advanced symmetry detection- Lumped elements including RLC

and diode models- Electric, magnetic, symmetric, periodic, im-

pedance and PML open boundary conditions- User-defined time excitation including

digital signals

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- Recording fields in Time and FrequencyDomain (multiple frequency points in one solver run for electric field, magneticfield, power flow, current density, losses,electric and magnetic field energy, voltages,field probes)

- True TDR calculation- Advanced de-embedding and renormalisation

of S-Parameters- Enhanced EMC capabilities in terms of field

sources and normalisation

Post Processing- Video display of field distributions- AR-filter analysis for resonant structures- SAR calculation - Farfield calculation

(2D, 3D, gain, directivity, angular beam width)- Calculation of antenna arrays

from single antennas- RCS- Z- and Y-matrix- VSWR- Dynamic SPICE model extraction- Q-factor calculation- Combination of results- Integration and visualisation of fields along

arbitrary paths - Export to Touchstone® - Export of electromagnetic field data- Geometry and mesh export to MAFIA 4

Hardware requirements- Pentium PC - Windows 95/98/2000/NT/XP- CD-ROM drive- 128 MB RAM- 1GB hard disk- Open GL compatible graphic card

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