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N E T W O R K I N G
Networking is the concept of sharing resources,services and applications.
or
Sharing of
RESOURCES + SERVICES + APPLICATIONS=
NETWORKING
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Hierarchy of network types
Types of network
LAN (Local Area Network)
MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
WAN (Wide Area Network)
HYBRID Network
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WAN
MAN MAN LAN LAN
LAN LAN LAN
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LAN
a group of computers and network communicationdevices interconnected within a geographicallylimited area such as building or campus.
Characteristics of LANThey exists in limited geographical area. (within 10
km)
Data transfer speed in high from thousand bits persecond to 10 million bits per second.
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computers are connected using any physicaltransmission media.
commonly used LAN for microcomputers is
Ethernet, Novell PC network,ARC Network(Attached Resource Computing
Networking developed by data point corporation.)
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MAN
This covers comparatively lager geographical areathan LAN but restricted to a town or city.(10km -100km)
It has capacity to link up different LANs withincity area.
It requires different hardware and differenttransmission media to cover the distance.
Data transmission speed is slower than LAN.
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Data transfer capacity is more than LAN
This network setup is more complicated than LAN.
N:B- It is called as middle network in between LAN
and WANEx:T.V cable,Telephone network
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WAN
Characteristics
It covers a very large geographical area hence called globalnetwork.
It is interconnection of LAN & MAN.
Data transmission speed is slower .kbits/sec.Data transfer capacity is more.
Wireless communication media is used for data transfer.
Most advanced technologies are used for data transfer.
Installation cost is high as compared to others.Ex: internet
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Network models
Types
1. Centralized
2. Decentralized
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Centralized
All processing takes place in the central main framecomputer.
Terminals are connected to the central computer and
function only as input/output devices. They do nothave any independent memory or processor.
The central computer is of high power ie high speed& large storage capacity.
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computers are connected to central computer onlybut not to each other.
Thus these terminals cannot communicate with each
other directly.Advantage
This model worked well in large organization.
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Disadvantages
Not suitable for small organizations.
If central computer fails, whole network is damaged.
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Mainframe
100% computing
No computing No computingNo computing
Dumb
terminal
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Decentralized
All stand-alone computers are interconnected toeach other.
Multiple computers can operate independently.
Tasks are completed locally on various computers.
Network enabled the computers to exchange dataand services between each other.
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Advantages
Suitable for small organizations.
Increases storage capacity with security.
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30% of the
processing
70% of the processing
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HYBRID Network
Hybrid Networks :- Modern Microsoft operating systems such asWindows for Workgroups, Windows 95 and Windows NTWorkstation and NT server straddle(REMOVE) the boundarybetween peer- to- peer and server-based networks. Because each
of these operating systems can function as a peer in a peer to peernetwork and all above mentioned three operating systems can actas clients on a server-based network.
In hybrid networks, workstations function simultaneously as
peers on peer-to-peer networks and as clients on server-basednetworks. Hybrid networks are also called as combinationnetworks.
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Advantages of Hybrid Network
(a) Hybrid network elements provide both data and opticaltransport to deliver bandwidth and service enhancement morerapidly.
(b) Hybrid network offers integrated view of the network. It movestraditional barrier between data and optical transport.
(c) It helps to make the most of available resources that use thinclient technology to fit customer needs.
(d) Lock file and database records: Hybrid network allows tochoose applications that allows you to lock in use files that morethan one user can access simultaneously. Locking these files
prevents simultaneous accesses from corrupting the files.
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Limitations in Hybrid network
1.Some new services introduced are not supported.
2.Hybrid networks are complicated to administer
3.It creates a strain on non-mainframe servers, since the lesspower you allow for clients, then more power you must give toservers.