HIGH-CAPACITY HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING POWER CABLES
Jean-Maxime SAUGRAIN
NEXANS Corporate VP Technical
IASS Workshop Postdam – May 13, 2011
NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam – May 13, 2011 – 2
High-capacity High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) cables provide electric utilities with a new tool to address key drivers
Safety Transformers can be removed from city centers through high-capacity medium voltage HTS cables
Eco-friendliness . No thermal or magnetic impact on the environment . Lower losses . The cooling fluid, liquid nitrogen, is a low-cost, abundant and environment-friendly fluid
Growing power consumption in urban areas Additional power can be transmitted through existing right-of-way
Rationale
NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam – May 13, 2011 – 3
Contents
! Introduction to HTS power cables
! High-capacity HTS cable projects
! Expectations
! Conclusion
NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam – May 13, 2011 – 4
Contents
! Introduction to HTS power cables
! High-capacity HTS cable projects
! Expectations
! Conclusion
NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam – May 13, 2011 – 5
Application voltage MV HV
Lapped dielectric HTS tape (conductor)
HTS tape (shield) Copper shield stabilization
Former
Inner cryogenic envelope wall Outer cryogenic envelope wall
Outer cable sheath
Liquid nitrogen flow Protection layer
Introduction to HTS power cables
NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam – May 13, 2011 – 6
1. Corrugated inner tube 2. Low-loss spacer 3. Vacuum space (<10-5 mbar) 4. Multilayer superinsulation 5. Corrugated outer tube 6. PE jacket (optional)
Nexans is the world leader in flexible cryostats with more than 30 years of experience
Introduction to HTS power cables Cryogenic envelope
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Contents
! Introduction to HTS power cables
! High-capacity HTS cable projects
! Expectations
! Conclusion
NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam – May 13, 2011 – 8
! Long Island Power Authority – Holbrook Substation
! 600 m long cold dielectric cable system 138kV/2400A ~ 574MVA
! Design fault current: 51 kA @ 12 line cycles (200ms)
! 600 meter cable pulled in underground HDPE conduit
World’s longest HTS cable and first installation at transmission voltage level
Holbrook Substation
Switching Station
600 meter
LIPA1 project Overview
Demonstrating feasibility of HV HTS cable technology
NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam – May 13, 2011 – 9
LIPA1 project Team
Nexans AMSC AIr Liquide LIPA
Technical Project Manager HTS Wire Supplier System Planning/ Transmission System Integration
Cable System Installation Support & Terminations
Cooling Systems Installation Support
System Planning
Commissioning
American Superconductor Prime Contractor / Consortium Lead
Permitting Right Of Way / Land Acquisitions Switch Gear
System Operations
Department of Energy SPI - Long Island
O&M Contract
Construction Management Civil Work
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HV Termination
Redundant Cooling & Control
Cold Termination
Bul
k LN
2 S
tora
ge
Heat
Pow
er
SC
AD
A
Supply
Return
LIPA1 project Cable cooling flow
NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam – May 13, 2011 – 11
! Vertical part:
! Thermal gradient management (from 77 to 300 K)
! Connection to grid
! Horizontal part:
! Connection to HTS cable
! Management of cable thermal shrinkage
LIPA1 project Termination concept
NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam – May 13, 2011 – 12
! Cable and termination prototypes were tested in a dedicated high voltage test field in Hanover
! The 30 m x 12 m x 9 m screened room is connected to a liquid nitrogen cooling system liquid nitrogen (temperature around –200°C)
LIPA1 project Qualification of prototypes
NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam – May 13, 2011 – 13
! Pulling was carried out for all phases without any issue
! Cryogenic envelope vacuum integrity verified after pulling
Cable Pulling Force
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Distance [m]
Forc
e [N
]
Phase 1Phase 2Phase 3
LIPA1 project Cable pulling
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Terminations were assembled on site after cable pulling
LIPA1 project Assembling of terminations
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LIPA1 project Assembling of terminations
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LIPA1 project Connection to grid
World’s longest HTS cable successfully energized on April 22, 2008
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Redundant Cooling & Control
Bul
k LN
2 St
orag
e
Heat
Power
SCA
DA
Supply
Return
Replacement of one phase (introducing second-generation HTS tapes and repairable cryogenic envelope)
Field joint
Preparing for multi-kilometer HV HTS cables
! Project funded by the U. S. Department of Energy ! Same partners (American Superconductor, Air Liquide and LIPA)
and same site as for the LIPA1 project
Installation and commissioning around the end of 2011
LIPA2 project
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! Project funded by Endesa in Spain
! Other partners: ICMAB, Labein
! Key features:
! One 30-meter phase
! 24 kV, 3200 A
! Cable manufactured by Nexans and tested in the Hanover laboratory
Supercable project Overview
World’s ampacity record: 3200 A
Project successfully completed in December 2009
Supercable termination
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Main HTS AC cable projects
NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam – May 13, 2011 – 20
Contents
! Introduction to HTS power cables
! High-capacity HTS cable projects
! Expectations
! Conclusion
NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam – May 13, 2011 – 21
3 single cores
1000
2000
Transmitted power (MW)
100 200 300 400 Voltage (kV)
3000
4000
5000
500
AC resistive
Expectations High-capacity HTS AC cables
With HTS AC cables, the same power can be transmitted at a lower voltage
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! High-current HTS tapes (to minimize the number of HTS layers):
! Avoid current distribution issues
! Reduces mechanical issues
! Low-loss system:
! HTS tapes with low AC-losses
! Low-loss cryogenic envelope
! High-efficiency cooling system
! High-voltage accessories (complexity increasing quickly with voltage):
! In-field demonstration of 138 kV terminations completed
! Ongoing developments: 138 kV joint, 154 kV system, 275 kV system
High-capacity HTS AC cables Technical hurdles to be overcome
Losses similar to the ones of conventional systems
NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam – May 13, 2011 – 23
High-power 10 kV link for feeding the center of Essen
110 kV substation (Herkules in suburban area)
40 MVA
Conventional 110 kV cable
10 kV substation (Dellbrügge in city center)
HTS 10 kV cable
40 MVA
Dellbrügge
Herkules
Main train station
! Key features: ! Cable system with concentric phases ! World’s first combination with HTS fault
current limiter
! End user: RWE
! Funding: RWE and BMWi
HTS cable project under discussion Supply of city center with MV HTS cable
NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam – May 13, 2011 – 24
Bipole +/-
1000
2000
Transmitted power (MW)
100 200 300 400 Voltage (kV)
3000
4000
5000
500
DC resistive
Expectations High-capacity HTS DC cables
With HTS DC cables, a much larger power can be transmitted
NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam – May 13, 2011 – 25
High-capacity HTS DC cables Technical hurdles to be overcome
Lower losses than with conventional systems
! High-current HTS tapes (to minimize the number of HTS layers):
! Reduces mechanical issues
! Low-loss system:
! Low-loss cryogenic envelope
! High-efficiency cooling system
! High-voltage accessories (complexity increasing quickly with voltage):
! Laboratory demonstration at Nexans of 200 kV termination
NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam – May 13, 2011 – 26
Contents
! Introduction to HTS power cables
! High-capacity HTS cable projects
! Expectations
! Conclusion
NEXANS PROPRIETARY Postdam – May 13, 2011 – 27
Conclusion
! The feasibility of HTS AC power cables has been demonstrated up to 138 kV and this technology is now mature enough for in-field implementation
! Demonstration projects are now moving to longer lengths (up to 6 km !), higher voltages eyond 200 kV for both AC and DC !) and greater currents (up to 5 kA AC whereas more than 10 kA DC are envisioned !)
! High-capacity HTS cable systems constitute a new energy-efficient solution to improve congestion management in both distribution and transmission AC power grids but there are only economically viable in some niche applications
! HV HTS DC systems are expected to lead to much lower losses than conventional systems
! The industry needs to focus on reducing the HTS technology cost
! Incentives from local governments could help significantly
Thank you for your attention !