High Performance Buildings

Thank You for the invite

The U.S. Chamber of Commerce, American Chemistry Council (ACC) and American Coatings Association (ACA) announced that they and more than 24 other industry associations have united to form the American High-Performance Buildings Coalition (AHPBC). http://www.durabilityanddesign.com/news/?fuseaction=view&id=8064&nl_versionid=2195, 2012

High Performance Buildings

These homes can be completely off the grid (ZERO) combined with Apricus evacuated hot water system, solar PV cells and rainwater tanks.

• 3 Bed

• 80m2 internal

• Argon Filled Double glazing, solar tinted

• >R5.0 Walls, floors and roof

• Single 3.5kW AC unit does entire house – heating and cooling

Building Performance

Heat loads in a space – fabric and internal loads are generated – energy is used to keep spaces within the comfort range

You tell meWhat is it? What is it made of?How do we measure the performance?Why do we want one?Is it just about the façade?

High Performance Building

Some of the Current Tools in the Market Place BCA Section J & BCA energy efficiency provisions ASHRAE 90.1 GreenStar/LEED – Green Rating Tools GreenGlobe Living Building Challenge

Building Energy Modelling

High Performance Building Envelope

International Green Rating Tools

Guide Developed by SKM – ESD team (www.skm.com)

BCA section J – or Energy efficiency provisions Section J Certification:

Section J1 - Fabric review and advise Section J2 - Glazing calculation and advise JV3 – Energy Modelling

ASHRAE 90.1 / LEED Modeling Analysis

Thermal Energy Daylight Glare Access to views

Building Envelope Performance

What is BCA Section J? Who can provide a BCA Section J report? What are the parts of Section J? What is required to achieve compliance?

NOTE: Section J – INCREASED AND CHANGED REQUIREMENTS OVER TIME

Compliance

BCA Section J relates to Energy Efficiency. The objective of Section J is 'to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by efficiently using energy'.

Section J Assessment and Compliance reports are required for all buildings for certification.

It is recommended that a review of the building form, fabric and glazing, to comply with Section J1 & J2 be conducted prior to the Development Application process. This is to avoid any major design alteration post DA.

Section J Assessment is a complex task and requires a thorough understanding of the BCA and building thermal dynamics. Hence this is done by either mechanical engineer or ESD

consultant

Section J - Energy Efficiency

Part J1 – Building Fabric Part J2 – Glazing Part J3 – Building Sealing Part J4 – (Removed)

Part J5 – Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems Part J6 – Artificial lighting and Power Part J7 – Hot Water Supply Part J8 – Access for Maintenance and Facilities for

Monitoring

What does Section J consists?

We will just discuss these 3

There are 10 Class of buildings. Climate Zones – are for thermal Design

Climate Zones determine the fabric, glazing, ventilation requirement of the building

The most populated areas of QLD are Climate zones 1 & 2.

Classification & Climate Zone

Applicable to building elements forming the envelope of all Class 2 to 9 buildings, Calculation of R-Values

Complex process – involves knowledge of behaviour of materials and thermodynamics

Insulation is the “largest” contributor

What about thermal mass?

Part J1 - Fabric

Part J1 – Fabric – Wall Example

A wall requires typical R-value of 2.8

Applicable to all buildings, except:

Sole Occupancy Units of Class 2 or Class 4 parts of a building

Glazing calculator – Excel Spreadsheet

• Aspects, Orientation, U-Value, SHGC, Shading device

Part J2 – Glazing

Process of achieving complianceImprove glazing properties or introduce shading device to achieve complianceIterations required e.g. less glass more wallTo achieve better thermal performance, double glazing is not always the correct solution

i.e. thermal break on window framePitfalls:

Glazing properties have to include window frame e.g. If not selected carefully, performance glass maybe

proposed Calculates “floor by floor” and “orientation by

orientation”, not entire building

Part J2 – Glazing

Part J3 – Building Sealing Generally, this section require the building to be

sealed to restrict air infiltration Roof Light, Windows and doors, ventilation openings

Entrance to building require special treatment Chimneys and flue require a damper or flap to

seal the opening

How does this contribute to a high performance façade?

Part J3 – Building Sealing

Part J3 – Building Sealing

A perforated ceiling in this application may not comply with J3, even if there is insulation applied in compliance with J1.

Ceiling space – included or not in air-conditioned space – ‘buildability’

What is practical?

Comparing the Method of Assessment

A – Architecture B – Building Services C – Compliance

JV3 - Energy Modeling

Run 1: Set energy target - benchmarking DTS Fabric/Glass and DTS Services

Run 2: Determine fabric requirements Proposed Fabric/Glass and DTS

Services

Run 3: Determine services requirements Proposed Fabric/Glass and Proposed

Services

Section J – JV3 Alternative Solution

NABERS, GreenStar, LEED, BREAAM all use similar modelling protocols for benchmarking

RUN 2Proposed Fabric &

DTS Services Can wall insulation be

reduced? Can roof insulation be

increased or reduced? Decision on glass type? Decision on shading

options? Effects on daylighting

and occupants?

Section J – JV3 Alternative Solution

Roof insulation

Wall constructions?

Glass Type?

RUN 3Proposed Fabric &

Proposed Services

Can services be changed?

Section J – JV3 Alternative Solution

Economy cycle required?

Is the efficiency adequate?

Energy models form the IES-VE software

Daylight & Glare Modeling

Energy Modeling – of building massing

Energy Modeling – of building massing

LEED & ASHRAE 90.1

ASHRAE 90.1 is the US compliance requirements for energy efficiency.

Uses all the same principles as Section J

 American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers

Energy consumption in commercial buildings in the

US

LEED & ASHRAE 90.1

This standard provides the minimum requirements for energy-efficient design of most buildings, except low-rise residential buildings. It offers, in detail, the minimum energy-efficient requirements for design and construction of new buildings and their systems, new portions of buildings and their systems, and new systems and equipment in existing buildings, as well as criteria for determining compliance with these requirements. It is an indispensable reference for engineers and other professionals involved in design of buildings and building systems.https://www.ashrae.org/about-ashrae

LEED & ASHRAE 90.1

LEED is flexible enough to apply to all project types.

LEED projects currently certified - 71,835 results

LEED & ASHRAE 90.1

http://www.usgbc.org/leed

LEED & ASHRAE 90.1

http://www.usgbc.org/leed

LEED & ASHRAE 90.1

http://www.usgbc.org/leed

Living Building Challenge

Living Building Challenge

The Living Building Challenge™ is the built environment's most rigorous performance standard. It calls for the creation of building projects at all scales that operate as cleanly, beautifully and efficiently as nature's architecture. To be certified under the Challenge, projects must meet a series of ambitious performance requirements over a minimum of 12 months of continuous occupancy.

Living Building Challenge

The 7 Petals are: SITE

Limits to Growth Urban Agriculture Habitat Exchange Car Free Living

WATER Net Zero Water Ecological water

flow Energy

Net zero energy

Living Building Challenge

HEALTH Civilized Environment Healthy Air Biophilia

MATERIALS Red List Embodied Carbon

Footprint Responsible industry Appropriate Sourcing Conservation +

Reuse

Living Building Challenge

EQUITY Human Scale + Humane Places Democracy + Social Justice Rights to nature

BEAUTY Beauty + Spirit Inspiration + Education

Large project cost is US$25,000

Living Building Challenge

The Method Paradigm Home features a rooftop solar array, rainwater harvesting, a greywater system, a composting toilet, a ductless mini split HVAC unit, and a super insulated envelope. The materials and fixtures that were chosen to finish the building are also very sustainable and show a conscious effort to produce a holistically designed product. The interior design includes renewable bamboo flooring and cabinets, sustainable wooden cladding and decking, LED lighting and home automation systems.

The prefab home, designed by New York The prefab home, designed by New York City-based Bogue Trondowski Architects, is City-based Bogue Trondowski Architects, is targeting LEED Platinum, it’s designed to targeting LEED Platinum, it’s designed to have 6 of the 7 petals of the Living Building have 6 of the 7 petals of the Living Building ChallengeChallenge

Green Building Initiative

Sustainable Building Assessment & Certification The Green Building Initiative (GBI) provides sustainability

assessment and certification services to help you reduce operational costs, qualify for tax incentives, meet federal mandates, or increase the marketability of your buildings.

See more at: http://www.thegbi.org/#sthash.T4JlwXsc.dpuf

GBI offers Green Globes® environmental assessment and certification programs for commercial buildings. These online and on-site programs are flexible, affordable alternatives to LEED.

Green Building Initiative

GBI – Green GlobesGreen Globes Rating Scale

85% - 100%

Demonstrates national leadership and excellence in the practice of

energy, water, and environmental efficiency to reduce environmental

impacts.

70 - 84%

Demonstrates leadership in applying best practices regarding energy,

water, and environmental efficiency.

55 - 69%

Demonstrates excellent progress in the reduction of environmental

impacts and use of environmental efficiency practices.

35 - 54%

Demonstrates a commitment to environmental efficiency practices.

See more at: http://www.thegbi.org/green-globes/#sthash.9WT3orIJ.dpuf

Large project cost is US$25,000 for certification

Registration  is based on its Typology:$500 : Renovation$900 : Landscape + Infrastructure and Building$1200 : Neighborhood

Green Star

Green Star rating tools:Green Star - Education v1 Green Star - Healthcare v1 Green Star - Industrial v1 Green Star - Multi Unit Residential v1Green Star - Office v3Green Star - Office Interiors v1.1Green Star - Retail Centre v1Green Star - Office Design v2Green Star - Office As Built v2Green Star - Public Building v1

Green Star PILOT rating tools:Green Star - Interiors Green Star - CommunitiesGreen Star - Performance

Green Star tool under development:Green Star - Design & As Built

Green Star

The Green Star rating tools assess building or community projects against a number of categories. The nine categories  included within the various Green Star - Design and Green Star - As Built rating tools are:•Management•Indoor Environment Quality•Energy•Transport•Water

• Materials• Land Use &

Ecology• Emissions• Innovation

Green Star

Point Score Green Star Rating Outcome

45 - 59 4 Star Best Practice60 - 74 5 Star Australian Excellence

75+ 6 Star World Leader 

Project Size (Total GFA including car

parking*)

Standard fee (excl GST)

Member discounted fee**

(excl GST)0 - 9,999m2 $20,000 $15,000

10,000 - 29,999m2 $25,000 $20,00030,000m2 + $30,000 $25,000Small project exception†

N/A $8,000

Green Star

Repeatable and consist outcomes, GBCA are looking at a streamlined tool and process to allow faster and more consistent certification of buildings with repeatable elements.

Exercise

Applying the tools to a high performance

building

Lets work through it