High resolution RIXS from cuprates:

results and perspectives

L.

Bra

icovic

h

CN

R S

OF

T a

nd U

LT

RA

S,

Dip

. di F

isic

a,

Po

litecn

ico

di M

ilano,

Italy

,

lucio.braicovich@fisi.polimi.it

Acknowledgments

-The

rese

arch

ers of M

ilan

o P

olite

cnic

o

Cla

udia

Dal

lera

Gia

com

oG

hirin

ghel

liA

lber

to T

agliaf

erri

-The

ERSF (G

renoble

) direc

tion

and the

staf

f of th

e ESRF-EX

AFS g

roup

(N.B

. Bro

okes

, J. G

oulo

nan

d c

o.)

-A

ll c

o-a

uth

ors

liste

d in the

follow

ing v

iew

gra

phs

-A

ll m

y stu

den

ts

-The

Sw

issLig

htSourc

e (S

LS)direc

tion

and the

staf

f of th

e A

DRESS-S

AX

ES g

roup

(T. Sch

mitt an

d V

. Stroco

v a

nd c

oll.)

-The

theo

rists (J

. van

den

Brink, L. A

men

tan

d c

oll.)

-The

EPFL g

roup (M

. G

rionian

d c

oll.)

-The

pre

siden

t of th

e M

ilan

o P

olite

cnic

o

and the

direc

tors

of D

ptm

of Physics

Lay-o

ut

PA

RT

1 C

upra

tes

His

tory

Spectr

osco

py o

f colle

ctive m

agne

tic e

xcitatio

ns

The inte

rpla

y b

etw

ee

n R

IXS

at vario

us e

dg

es

The c

ross fert

ilization w

ith n

eutr

ons

PA

RT

2 W

hat

do w

e n

ee

d t

o d

o b

ett

er

?

The n

ew

pro

ject

at th

e E

SR

F (

RIX

S +

XM

CD

)

The im

port

ance o

f cupra

tes

doe

s n

ot

need t

o b

e d

em

onstr

ate

d

Som

e h

isto

ry

Energ

y loss (

eV

)

La

2C

uO

4excited a

t C

u-3

d

-4-3

-2-1

02

1

AX

ES

@ ID

08, 2003. G

. G

hir

inghelliet al.,

Ph

ys R

ev L

ett. 92, 117406 (

2004).

∆ ∆∆∆E~0.8 eV

L. C

. D

udaet al., J. E

lectr

on S

pectr

osc.

Rela

t. P

henom

. 110–111, 275 (

2000).

∆ ∆∆∆E~1.2 eV

K. Ic

hik

aw

a et al., J. E

lectr

on

Spectr

osc. R

ela

t. P

henom

.

78, 183 (

1996).

∆ ∆∆∆E~1.6 eV

AX

ES

@ ID

08, 2007. L. B

raic

ovic

het al.,

arX

iv:0

807:1

140v1, (2

008).

∆ ∆∆∆E~0.45 eV

SA

XE

S @

SLS

, 2008. G

. G

hirin

ghe

lli, L.

Bra

icovic

h, T

. S

chm

itet al., unpublis

hed

∆ ∆∆∆E~0.13 eV

Incid

ent photo

n e

nerg

y ~

931 e

V

Com

bin

ed r

esolv

ing p

ow

er

incre

ase b

y a

facto

r of 12

World

record

2003

World

record

spring

2007

World

record

spring

2008

World

record

2000

Mila

no

Up

psa

la

ES

RF

SLS

La

2C

uO

4=

LC

O

Energ

y loss (

eV

)

La

2C

uO

4excited a

t C

u-3

d

-20

AX

ES

@ I

D08

, 2003

. G

. G

hirin

gh

elliet al.,

Ph

ys R

ev L

ett

. 92

, 11740

6 (

20

04

).

G.

Gh

irin

gh

elli

, N

. B

. B

roo

ke

s,

E.

Anne

se

, H

. B

erg

er,

C.

Da

llera

, M

. G

rio

ni, L

. P

erf

ett

i, A

. T

aglia

ferr

i, a

nd

L.

Bra

ico

vic

h

ES

RF

First L2,3

evid

ence

of th

e d

d

dependence

on the

str

uctu

re

x 2

00

Very

sm

all

cro

ss s

ection

Essentially

no K

of th

e p

hoto

n

(< 7

% o

f th

e B

Z a

round (

0,0

))

Energ

y loss (

eV

)

La

2C

uO

4excited a

t C

u-3

d

-20

FIR

ST

EV

IDE

NC

E O

F D

ISP

ER

SIO

N

AX

ES

@ ID

08 (

ES

RF

)

fall

of 2007.

L. B

raic

ovic

het al.,.

L. B

raic

ovic

h,

L. J. A

ment, V

. B

isog

ni, F

. F

ort

e, C

. A

ruta

, G

. B

ale

str

ino, N

. B

. B

rookes, G

. M

. D

e L

uca,

P. G

. M

edag

lia,

F. M

iletto G

ranozio

, M

. R

adovic

, M

. S

allu

zzo,

J. van d

en B

rink, and G

. G

hirin

ghelli

Phys.

Rev.

Lett. 102, 167401 (

2009)

ES

RF

Energ

y loss (

eV

)

La

2C

uO

4excited a

t C

u-3

d

-20

1.0

0.5

0.0

010

20

A

B

CD

Ene

rgy lo

ss (

eV

)LC

O a

t 15

K a

nd

q// 1

.85

5

Normalized intensity

(b)

XA

S 933

92

9 Ph

oto

n e

nerg

y (

eV

)

L. B

raic

ovic

h,

J. van d

en B

rink, V

. B

isog

ni, M

. M

ore

tti S

ala

, L.A

ment, N

.B. B

rookes, G

.M. de L

uca,

M.

Sallu

zzo, T

. S

chm

itt, a

nd G

. G

hirin

ghelli

(to

be p

ublis

hed)

FIR

ST

Dis

en

tan

glin

g o

f m

agn

on

and

bim

ag

no

n

SA

XE

S @

AD

RE

SS

(SLS

)

fall

of 2008.

SL

S

Mila

n +

The N

eth

erland +

ES

RF

+ S

LS

+ N

aple

s

-3-2

-10

12

3

0

100

200

300

q

Energy (meV)

400

LC

O a

t 15 K

RIX

S

L. B

raic

ovic

h,

J. van d

en B

rink, V

. B

isog

ni, M

. M

ore

tti S

ala

, L.A

ment, N

.B. B

rookes, G

.M. de L

uca,

M.

Sallu

zzo, T

. S

chm

itt, a

nd G

. G

hirin

ghelli

(to

be p

ublis

hed)

RIX

S b

y

Neu

tro

ns

Ne

utr

ons b

y

SLS

What about bim

agnons

?

Any o

ther

way t

o e

xp

lore

bim

agn

ons

?

Yes

Direct

exp

lora

tion

if there

is

NO

SP

IN-O

RB

IT

in t

he

inte

rmed

iate

sta

te

Cu K

-ed

ge R

IXS

(J. H

ill e

t al.)

Oxy K

-edg

e R

IXS

-1.0

-0.5

0.0

Tra

nsfe

rred e

nerg

y

-10

Tra

nsfe

rred e

nerg

y

SLS

Cu-L

3

RIX

S

8.97

8.98

8.99

9.00

9.01

ener

gy (K

eV)

0-0

.5-1

.0

transfe

rred

energ

y

Cu-K

RIX

SID

16 –

ID12 –

Mila

no c

oll.

V.

Bis

ogni, L

. S

imonelli

et al.

ES

RF

Cu-K

RIX

S

528

530

532

534

Energ

y (

eV

)

XA

S

SLS

ES

RF

Oxygen

-0.5

0.0

Cu-L

3

Oxy-K

Go

to

Oxyg

en

K-e

dg

e

(ES

RF

)

Diffe

rent sam

plin

g !!!!

Sum

marizin

g p

art

I

The h

ighlig

ht

is t

he D

ISP

ER

SIO

N

at

all

edge

s (

in p

art

icula

r S

OF

T x

-ra

ys)

Cro

ss f

ert

ilization w

ith n

eutr

ons

Very

sm

all

sa

mple

s (

a f

ew

monola

yers

)

Goal: m

onola

yer

sensitiv

ity

Dra

matic e

xp

ansio

n o

f th

e f

ield

with r

espect

to n

eutr

ons

What

do w

e n

eed ?

A c

onsid

era

ble

incre

ase o

f re

solu

tio

n

in t

he s

oft r

ang

e

7000

10000

20000

3000

0

4000

0

ela

st

ph

ma

gb

ima

g

Aro

und

½of

the B

Z

-0.3

-0.2

-0.1

0.0

0.1

energ

y loss (

eV

)

ES

RF

+ M

ilano

goa

l

Sca

ling u

p b

y a

facto

r of

2 i.e.

10 m

ete

rs s

pectr

om

ete

r

Movable

Pla

tform

SAXES, a high resolution spectrometer

for resonant x-ray emissionin the 400–1600 eVenergy range

G. G

hirin

ghelli

, A

. P

iazzalu

nga, C

. D

alle

ra, G

. T

rezzi, a

nd L

. B

raic

ovic

h

DipartimentodiFisica, PolitecnicodiMilano, Piazza Leonardo daVinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy

T.

Schm

itt,

V. N

. S

trocov, R

. B

ete

mps, and L

. P

atthey

Swiss Light Source, Paul ScherrerInstitut, CH-5232 VilligenPSI, Switzerland

X.

Wang a

nd M

. G

rioni

Institutde Physique des Nanostructures, EcolePolytechniqueFédéderalede Lausanne,CH-1015 Lausanne,

RE

VIE

W O

F S

CIE

NT

IFIC

IN

ST

RU

ME

NT

S 77, 11

3108,2006

Mila

no

Up

psa

la

ES

RF

SLS

ES

RF

Framework: Electronic and magnetic properties of matter.

Goal: To understand the interplay between the electronic, spin and orbital

degrees of freedom which determ

ine the physical properties of materials.

Evo

lutio

n o

f B

L8 o

f th

e E

SR

F in a

ne

w a

mbitio

us p

roje

ct

Ne

ed

of

a v

ery

lo

ng

be

am

-lin

e (

typ

ica

lly 1

20

m)

pro

ba

bly

with

tw

o m

on

och

rom

. (R

IXS

an

d X

MC

D)

Ne

ed

of

a n

ew

bu

ildin

g

RIX

S X

MC

D

ESRF Upgrade:

Magnetism

“vill

ag

e”

Incre

ased f

lux.

Incre

ased s

tabili

ty.

Lon

g b

eam

line

with s

pace

for

experim

enta

l in

fra-s

tructu

re

even w

ith s

mall

beam

s.

Ne

w instr

um

ents

.

High DC magnetic field lab.?

RIX

S: very

hig

h c

om

bin

ed e

nerg

y r

esolu

tion (

at le

ast 30000).

Beam

siz

es (

e.g

. 3 x

50 m

icro

ns)

A LOT OF SPACE

aro

und the instr

um

ent A

ND

AR

OU

ND

TH

E S

AM

PLE

for

q d

ependent m

easure

ments

and

experim

enta

l fa

cili

ties e

.g. a h

igh m

agnetic fie

ld.

“XM

CD

”: s

mall

spots

mic

rons. S

pace for

instr

um

enta

tion,

sam

ple

pre

para

tion e

.g. puls

ed laser

depositio

n

An inte

llige

nt

com

bin

ation o

f te

chno

logie

s w

ill a

llow

un

ique p

erf

orm

ances o

f th

e instr

um

ents

The p

ers

pe

ctive is t

o tell

som

eth

ing

really

ne

w in t

he m

ediu

m p

erio

d

Past

and f

utu

re o

f th

e c

olla

bora

tion w

ith M

ilano P

olit

ecnic

o

tim

e

Gre

ek n

am

e o

f th

e G

od o

f w

ar

No w

ar.

“W

ars

are

not

wo

n b

ut

only

lost”

(W.

Churc

hill

)

Fair c

om

petitio

n

AX

ES

rebuild

ing at th

e E

SR

F201

0

AX

ES

at

the E

SR

F (

Advance

d X

-ra

y E

mis

sio

n S

pectr

osco

py)

199

5

201

3N

ew

RIX

S p

roje

ct

at th

e E

SR

F

AR

ES

(A

dvance

d R

Esona

nt

Scattering)

SuperA

XE

S=

SA

XE

S

at

SLS

(S

AX

ES

= s

uccess)

200

7-8

MA

KE

P

HY

SIC

S N

OT

W

AR