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STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS OFSTRUCTURAL SYSTEMS OFHIGH RISE BUILDINGSHIGH RISE BUILDINGS
(CONCRETE)
(CONCRETE)
ByBy
Eng. (Mrs.) Tharangika. . ayas!n"araEng. (Mrs.) Tharangika. . ayas!n"ara
B. Sc. Eng. (Hons), M. Eng (Structural Eng)B. Sc. Eng. (Hons), M. Eng (Structural Eng)
C. Eng, M.I.E (SL)C. Eng, M.I.E (SL)
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O!# $in% &' #h% r%s%n#a#i&nO!# $in% &' #h% r%s%n#a#i&n
1.0 Introduction1.0 Introduction
2.0 Classifications of Tall2.0 Classifications of Tall
Building Structural Syst!s(TBSS)Building Structural Syst!s(TBSS)
".0 Ty#ical E$a!#ls".0 Ty#ical E$a!#ls
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.* INTRODUCTION.* INTRODUCTION
ri+ary s#r!,#!ra$ sk%$%#&n &' a #a$$ -!i$"ingri+ary s#r!,#!ra$ sk%$%#&n &' a #a$$ -!i$"ing,an -% is!a$i/%" as a %r#i,a$ ,an#i$%%r,an -% is!a$i/%" as a %r#i,a$ ,an#i$%%r0i#h i#1s -as% 'i2%" in #h% gr&!n".0i#h i#1s -as% 'i2%" in #h% gr&!n".
Th% S#r!,#!r% has #& ,arry3Th% S#r!,#!r% has #& ,arry3
() 4%r#i,a$ grai#y $&a"s() 4%r#i,a$ grai#y $&a"s
(5) La#%ra$ $&a"s(5) La#%ra$ $&a"s
(6in" 7 Ear#h 8!ak%)(6in" 7 Ear#h 8!ak%)
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5.* CLASSIFICATIONS OF TBSS5.* CLASSIFICATIONS OF TBSS
Tall Building Structural Syst!s can ' 'roadlyTall Building Structural Syst!s can ' 'roadlycatgorid in to t*o+catgorid in to t*o+
() In#%ri&r S#r!,#!r%s() In#%ri&r S#r!,#!r%s
Ma-or #art of t& latral load rsistingMa-or #art of t& latral load rsistingsyst! is locatd *it&in t& intrior of t&syst! is locatd *it&in t& intrior of t&'uilding.'uilding.
(5) E2#%ri&r S#r!,#!r%s ;(5) E2#%ri&r S#r!,#!r%s ; Ma-or #art of t& latral load rsistingMa-or #art of t& latral load rsisting
syst! is locatd at t& #ri!tr of t& 'uilding.syst! is locatd at t& #ri!tr of t& 'uilding.
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Intrior StructursIntrior Structurs
T*o 'asic ty#s,T*o 'asic ty#s,
(1) Mo!nt sisting /ra!s (M/)(1) Mo!nt sisting /ra!s (M/)
(2) S&ar all Syst!(2) S&ar all Syst!
%nd,%nd,
(") S&ar *all fra! intraction syst!s(") S&ar *all fra! intraction syst!s
() Cor Su##ortd utriggr Structurs() Cor Su##ortd utriggr Structurs
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Intrior StructursIntrior Structurs (Cont..)(Cont..)
(1)(1). Moment Resisting Frames (MRF). Moment Resisting Frames (MRF) Horiontal and 3rtical !!'rs rigidly connctdHoriontal and 3rtical !!'rs rigidly connctd
togt&r in a #lanar grid for!.togt&r in a #lanar grid for!.
sist latral loads #ri!arily t&roug& fl$uralsist latral loads #ri!arily t&roug& fl$ural
stiffnss of t& !!'rs.stiffnss of t& !!'rs.
Si of t& colu!ns is !ainly controlld 'y t&Si of t& colu!ns is !ainly controlld 'y t&gra3ity loads.gra3ity loads.
Si of t& 'a! is controlld 'y t& stiffnss ofSi of t& 'a! is controlld 'y t& stiffnss oft& fra! in ordr to nsur acc#ta'l latralt& fra! in ordr to nsur acc#ta'l latrals*ay.s*ay.
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Intrior StructursIntrior Structurs (Cont..)(Cont..)
Rigi" Fra+%sRigi" Fra+%sEfficint Hig&t li!it 20
%d3antags 4ro3id fl$i'ility infloor #lanning.
Easily !olda'l.
isad3antags E$#nsi3 for!*or5
Slo* construction
Building E$a!#ls Ingalls Building
(Cincinnati, 6S%, 17storis, 78!)
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Intrior Structurs (Cont..)Intrior Structurs (Cont..)
(2)(2).. Shear Wall SystemShear Wall System
inforcd Concrt (C) #lanar solid or cou#ldinforcd Concrt (C) #lanar solid or cou#lds&ar *alls &a3 'n on of t& !ost #o#ulars&ar *alls &a3 'n on of t& !ost #o#ular
syst!s.syst!s.
E''i,i%n# H%igh# $i+i#
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Intrior Structurs (Cont..)Intrior Structurs (Cont..)
(3)(3).. Shear wall – frame interaction systemsShear wall – frame interaction systems igid fra!s !ay ' co!'ind *it& 3rtical s&arigid fra!s !ay ' co!'ind *it& 3rtical s&ar
*all:fra! intraction syst!s.*all:fra! intraction syst!s.
E''i,i%n# H%igh# $i+i# >*
%d3antags Effcti3ly rsists latral loads 'y#roducing s&ar *all fra!intraction syst!.
isad3antags Intrior #lanning li!itations du tos&ar *alls.
Building E$a!#ls "11 Sout& ac5r ri3(c&icago,6S%, 98storis, 2;!), Coo5
Country ad!inistration Building,
/or!r Bruns*ic5 'uilding
(C&icago, 6S%, "; storis,18!!)
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Intrior Structurs (Cont..)Intrior Structurs (Cont..)
(4)(4). Core S!!orte" #trigger Strctres. Core S!!orte" #trigger Strctres
utriggr syst!s &a3 'nutriggr syst!s &a3 'n&istorically usd 'y sailing s&i#s to&istorically usd 'y sailing s&i#s to&l# rsist t& *ind forcs in t&ir&l# rsist t& *ind forcs in t&irsails, !a5ing t& tall and slndrsails, !a5ing t& tall and slndr!asts sta'l.!asts sta'l.
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Intrior Structurs (Cont..)Intrior Structurs (Cont..)
(4). Core S!!orte" #trigger Strctres(4). Core S!!orte" #trigger Strctres
Shi?Shi? Ta$$ B!i$"ing Ta$$ B!i$"ing
MastMast CorCor
S#radrsS#radrs utriggrsutriggrs
E$trior Colu!nsE$trior Colu!ns StaysStays
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Intrior Structurs (Cont..)Intrior Structurs (Cont..)
O!#rigg%r S#r!,#!r%sO!#rigg%r S#r!,#!r%sEfficint Hig&t li!it 180
%d3antags Effcti3ly rsists 'nding 'y$trior colu!ns connctd to
outriggrs $tndd fro! t&
cor
isad3antags os not add s&ar rsistanc
Building E$a!#ls Tai#i 101 (Tai#i, Tai*an,101storis,80
Building(S&ang&ai, c&ina, ;;storis,21!)
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Exterior StructuresExterior Structures
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E$trior Structurs (Cont..)E$trior Structurs (Cont..)
$%e$%e
T&r di!nsional structural syst!T&r di!nsional structural syst!
utiliing t& ntir 'uildingutiliing t& ntir 'uilding
#ri!tr to rsist latral loads.#ri!tr to rsist latral loads.
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E$trior Structurs (Cont..)E$trior Structurs (Cont..)
Fra+%" T!-%Fra+%" T!-%Efficint Hig&t li!it 70
%d3antags Effcti3ly rsists latral loads
'y locating latral syst!s at
t& 'uilding #ri!tr.
isad3antags & S&ar lag &indrs trutu'ular '&a3ior.& S#acing o'struct t& 3i*.
Building E$a!#ls atr To*r #lac (C&icago,6S%, 9 storis,272!)
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E$trior Structurs (Cont..)E$trior Structurs (Cont..)
Bra,%" T!-%Bra,%" T!-%Efficint Hig&t li!it 100
%d3antags & Effcti3ly rsists latrals&ar 'y a$ial forcs in t&
diagonal !!'rs.
& idr colu!n s#acing #ossi'lco!#ard *it& fra!d tu's.& ducd s&ar lag.
isad3antags Bracings o'struct t& 3i*.
Building E$a!#ls atr To*r #lac (C&icago,
6S%, 9 storis,272!)
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E$trior Structurs (Cont..)E$trior Structurs (Cont..)
B!n"$%" T!-%B!n"$%" T!-%Efficint Hig&t li!it 110
%d3antags ducd s&ar lag.
isad3antags Intrior #lanning li!itations duto t& 'undld tu'
configuration
Building E$a!#ls Ca!gi Hall To*r (>*
yor5,6S%, 72 storis,2"0.9!)
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E$trior Structurs (Cont..)E$trior Structurs (Cont..)
Diagri"Diagri"Efficint Hig&t li!it 70
%d3antags Efficintly rsists latral s&ar'y a$ial forcs in t& diagonal
!!'rs.
isad3antags & E$#nsi3 for!*or5& Slo* construction
Building E$a!#ls :1 Building (u'ai)
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GENERAL INFORMATIONGENERAL INFORMATION
THE B6= TETHE B6= TE
C6E>TLA 6>E C>ST6CTI> I> 6B%IC6E>TLA 6>E C>ST6CTI> I> 6B%I
%IMS T BE THE T%LLEST B6ILI> I> THE L BA%IMS T BE THE T%LLEST B6ILI> I> THE L BA
CM4LETI> I> 200;CM4LETI> I> 200; HEIHT IS 900!HEIHT IS 900!
ESIE>TI%L TEESIE>TI%L TE
4=ECT C>S6LT%>T BEI> SMs %SSCI%TE I> THE4=ECT C>S6LT%>T BEI> SMs %SSCI%TE I> THE
6S %> HAE C>S6LT%>T IS THE LC%L C>S6LT%>T6S %> HAE C>S6LT%>T IS THE LC%L C>S6LT%>T
ESTIM%TE 4=ECTESTIM%TE 4=ECT COST IS -n.COST IS -n.
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S'0* #F $* $#W*RS'0* #F $* $#W*R
ISI> I> % SEIES / ELLI4SES, ITH THE 2 TIESISI> I> % SEIES / ELLI4SES, ITH THE 2 TIES
>%I> T%S THE T4 ITH STE44E,>%I> T%S THE T4 ITH STE44E,
S4I%LLI> TEECESS4I%LLI> TEECES
THE SH%4E LE>S ITSEL/ ELL T ESIE>TI%L 6SETHE SH%4E LE>S ITSEL/ ELL T ESIE>TI%L 6SE%S " ESIE>T%IL BLCDS %TT%CHE T THE CE>T%L%S " ESIE>T%IL BLCDS %TT%CHE T THE CE>T%L
CE M%IMISI> THE %TI / LIHT %> E4TH /CE M%IMISI> THE %TI / LIHT %> E4TH /
E%CH.E%CH.
I> E T %CHIE@E THE S4I%L /M EI@E /MI> E T %CHIE@E THE S4I%L /M EI@E /MI> TESTI>, %T E%CH M6L% TE%CE SETB%CDI> TESTI>, %T E%CH M6L% TE%CE SETB%CD
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S$R,C$,R' F#RMS$R,C$,R' F#RM
THEE LEE TETHEE LEE TE
@EA ST%BLE I> SH%4E L%TE%LLA@EA ST%BLE I> SH%4E L%TE%LLA
L%TE%L ST%BILITA M%I>LA TH6H THE SHE% %LLSL%TE%L ST%BILITA M%I>LA TH6H THE SHE% %LLS/MI> % B6TTESSE CE/MI> % B6TTESSE CE
%LLS CE%TE BA ESIE>TI%L 6>ITS CELL6L% %LLS CE%TE BA ESIE>TI%L 6>ITS CELL6L%/MS %@E %> %ITI>%L L%TE%L ESIST%>CE %>/MS %@E %> %ITI>%L L%TE%L ESIST%>CE %>ST%BILITAST%BILITA
L%TE%L ST%BILTA IS E>H%>CE BA CH%>I> ITS SH%4EL%TE%L ST%BILTA IS E>H%>CE BA CH%>I> ITS SH%4E
ITH THE HEIHTITH THE HEIHT
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ENHANCED DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICSENHANCED DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
OF THE STRUCTUREOF THE STRUCTURE
I> T6>>EL TESTI> BE/E ECII> THE SH%4EI> T6>>EL TESTI> BE/E ECII> THE SH%4E
THE TE%CES STE4 64 I> % S4I%L 4ESE>TSTHE TE%CES STE4 64 I> % S4I%L 4ESE>TS
%SAMETIC /M T THE I> %> E6CES%SAMETIC /M T THE I> %> E6CES
SAM4%THETIC ES>%>CE ITH THE I>.SAM4%THETIC ES>%>CE ITH THE I>.
%S THE SH%4E CH%>ES IT E6CES THE @TE%S THE SH%4E CH%>ES IT E6CES THE @TE
SHEI> %> %SSCI%TE L%TE%L IS4L%CEME>TSHEI> %> %SSCI%TE L%TE%L IS4L%CEME>T
%> 4E%D %CCELE%TI>%> 4E%D %CCELE%TI>
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HANK YOUHANK YOU
