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High School-Level Manufacturing Education
Shared Experiences and Future Directions for Georgia
Ben Kraft• PhD Student in City
and Regional Planning• Georgia Institute of
TechnologySTIP Internship Readout8/21/14
Photo: Hawthorne School of Manufacturing and Engineering
Context and Contribution of Research
The retirement of an older manufacturing workforce is expected to deepen the skills gap.
Emphasis on training has been at the post-secondary level.
Starting earlier can benefit students and the workforce.
What can we learn from high school programs in other states to enhance Georgia’s skill base?
Career and Technical Education (CTE)
Is the contemporary equivalent of “vocational education”
Stresses The development of career-oriented AND academic skills Career exploration Equal viability of various post-high school options Contextual, project-based, and work-based learning
In a controlled quasi-experimental study, graduates of career academies demonstrated $2,000/year in additional earnings over their counterparts.*
*Kemple, James J. 2008, “Career Academies: Long-Term Impacts on Labor Market Outcomes, Educational Attainment, and Transitions to Adulthood.”
CTE in Georgia
Nationwide, 4.2% of CTE students concentrate in manufacturing.
In Georgia, only 1.3% do.
Source: Perkins Collaborative Resource Network, US Department of Education, 2010-2011 school year
CTE Delivery
Format Description Considerations
Traditional model*
Comprehensive High School or Technical/Vocational High School
Can emphasize or de-emphasize academics. Vocational schools may have stigma.
Integrated model*
Career Academy or Area Career Center
Similar to a college “major”; Creates small learning communities, can be resource intensive or efficient, depending on model
Apprenticeship
Paid, “on-the-job” training combined with academics at home high school
Less flexible, requires significant industry involvement
*These categories are based on four models defined by the Association of Career and Technical Education, but have been consolidated for the purposes of this presentation.
Characteristics of Selected Manufacturing CTE Programs
School Location Geography Delivery Model Programs Offered Recognition
Francis Tuttle Technology Center
Oklahoma City, OK
Suburban Integrated - Area Career Center
Advanced Manufacturing, Precision Machining
Partnership Response in Mfg Education (PRIME), Manufacturing Institute’s M-List
Hawthorne High School – School of Manufacturing and Engineering
Hawthorne, CA (LA area)
Urban Integrated - Career Academy
General Manufacturing and Engineering
PRIME
Austin Polytechnical Academy
Chicago, IL Urban Traditional - Technical/Vocational High School
General Manufacturing
Numerous news and trade publications
Eleva-Strum High School – Cardinal Manufacturing
Strum, WI Rural Traditional - Comprehensive High School
Woodworking, CAD/CAM, Metalworking, Cardinal Manufacturing
Association for Career and Technical Education (ACTE), Modern Machine Shop
Aiken Career and Technology Center – MTU Apprenticeship
Aiken/Graniteville, SC
Rural, Suburban, Small City
Apprenticeship Industrial Mechanic Basic
ACTE, New York Times, White House
Sources: Interviews with representatives from schools, schools’ websites, association websites, and listed publications.
Francis Tuttle Technology Center
One of three campuses
Unique statewide funding system – self-assessed property tax
Classes include high school and adult learners
Invites employers to campus for interviews
Average starting salary for advanced manufacturing students: $20/hr
Location: OKLAHOMA CITY, OK
Delivery Model: INTEGRATED – AREA CAREER CENTER
“CTE Pioneer”
Data source: Interview with Campus Director, Portland Campus, Francis Tuttle Technology Center
Hawthorne High School – School of Manufacturing and Engineering
Make location an asset
Small classes – 80 per grade level
Extensive outreach efforts include Visiting elementary and
middle schools (with alums and employers)
Taking parents on field trips Highlighting successful First
Robotics team
98.9% graduation rate
Location: HAWTHORNE, CA (SOUTH LOS ANGELES AREA)
Delivery Model: INTEGRATED – CAREER ACADEMY
“Inner-City Aerospace Pipeline”
Data source: Interview with Coordinator of Hawthorne School of Manufacturing and Engineering and school website
Austin Polytechnical Academy
Thoroughly planned and researched
Intended to fill workforce and community needs
Joint effort between Manufacturing Renaissance and Chicago Public Schools
Outcomes 158 students have earned 237
National Institute of for Metalworking skills certifications
28 full time job placements since 2011 174 paid internships
Location: CHICAGO, IL
Delivery Model: TRADITIONAL – VOCATIONAL SCHOOL
“Community Development Through Manufacturing Education”
Data source: Interview with Program Director of Manufacturing Renaissance and school website
Cardinal Manufacturing at Eleva-Strum High School
Commercial manufacturing business for small, custom jobs
Students learn business and other soft-skills.
Profits go to program upgrades and to students.
Cardinal Manufacturing has respect and status.
Location: STRUM, WI
Delivery Model: TRADITIONAL – COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL
“Student-Run Manufacturing Business”
Data source: Interview with Technology Education Teacher at Eleva-Strum and school website
Aiken County Career and Technology Center – Apprenticeship Program
Partnered with MTU, a Germany-headquartered diesel engine manufacturer
Average age of apprentice in US is 30.
Apprenticeship requires 1000 hours of paid, supervised work, mostly during summer
3 of original 6 students set to graduate in 2014.
16 to 18 year-olds can work in manufacturing facilities.
Location: AIKEN, SC
Delivery Model: APPRENTICESHIP
“German-style Apprenticeship”
Data source: Interview with CTE Director and Principal of Aiken County Career and Technology Center
Shared Experiences and Future Directions
1. Create small learning communities.
2. Seek non-traditional funding sources.
3. Partner with industry and industrial advocacy groups.
4. Recognize that high school students are not too young to receive on-the-job training in the form of internships or apprenticeships.
5. Reach out to younger students and parents.
Student employees at Cardinal Manufacturing