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We’ll make a difference!HS Balance CIATI.ppt 11/20/08 Proprietary Information
High Speed Balancing in the Service Industry – Deformed Rotors
Juan HidalgoManager of Dynamic Analysis & Balancing
We’ll make a difference!HS Balance CIATI.ppt 11/20/08 Proprietary Information
The Goal of Balancing
The goal of balancing is to obtain good running characteristics of the rotor over the entire speed range, this is particularly important at operating and critical speeds.
Reduce dynamic loads on bearings Reduce shaft deflection within operating clearance confines Reduce transmission of forces to the outside environment Reduce shaft dynamic stress
Good running characteristics can be defined as
We’ll make a difference!HS Balance CIATI.ppt 11/20/08 Proprietary Information
Rigid Rotor 1st bending mode critical speed > Operating Speed
Quasi Rigid Rotor
1st bending mode critical speed < Operating Speed 2nd bending mode critical speed > Operating speed
Flexible Rotor 1st bending mode critical speed << Operating Speed
Generalized Rotor Classifications
We’ll make a difference!HS Balance CIATI.ppt 11/20/08 Proprietary Information
Balancing Methods
Low Speed Balancing – 2 plane, rigid rotor balance
High Speed Balancing – multi-plane balancing, flexible and quasi-rigid rotors:
• Influence Coefficient Method (any rotor type)
• Modal Balance (quasi-rigid rotors & flexible rotors) (N + 2) balance planes Rigid mode balance Modal influence coefficient balance Balance each critical through the speed range
We’ll make a difference!HS Balance CIATI.ppt 11/20/08 Proprietary Information
Low Speed Balance
• Best applicable to rigid rotors.
• Balancing is carried out in 2 planes.
• Addresses translation and couple (rocking) rigid body modes only.
• Rigid body forces and overall moments are compensated by balancing.
• Does not resolve inner moments that can only be observed at high speed due to the CF effects of local mass eccentricities.
Severity of local mass eccentricities across a rotor is evaluated from runoutmeasurements carried out on the rotor.
We’ll make a difference!HS Balance CIATI.ppt 11/20/08 Proprietary Information
High Speed Balance
• Applicable to quasi-rigid and flexible rotors.
• Balancing is carried out in multiple planes.
• Minimizes CF effects at the bearings over the entire speed range.
• Resolves inner moments through the use of multiple balance planes to correct for mass eccentricity - within limits.
• When the rotor is modally balanced, the balance condition is retained regardless of the speed at which the critical modes appear and regardless of support stiffness conditions.
• Affords the verification of mechanical integrity as rotors are typically run to 110% overspeed.
We’ll make a difference!HS Balance CIATI.ppt 11/20/08 Proprietary Information
Balancing of Deformed Rotors
These are the type of rotors which are normally omitted from most presentations on balancing. They are primarily bowed rotors and rotors with high local eccentricities (rotor bow is the most common problem in the industry after misalignment, and perhaps the less recognized)
Bowed rotors can not simply be balanced.
In order to eliminate the effect of the bow, careful evaluation of the rotor eccentricities is needed before the best course of action to remedy the problem can be establish.
Remedies include • Machining to correct journal centerline• Machining to correct local eccentricities• High speed balance • Addition of carefully located balance planes
We’ll make a difference!HS Balance CIATI.ppt 11/20/08 Proprietary Information
Candidate Rotors for Evaluation and High Speed Balance
• Rotors were their mass distribution had been significantly disturb such as complete or partial rotor rewind
• Rotors that have had their journals, couplings or fits machined.
• Rotors that required changes of their centers of rotation.
• Turbine rotors that have had blades weld repaired or fox hole rivet repaired – for verification of mechanical integrity.
• Rotors that have been balanced multiple times over a long operating period or that have a history of vibration problems.
• Rotors experiencing changed operating vibration resulting from:• Loss of mass due to rubbing or other mechanical means• Permanent bowing or deformation due to rubs or water induction• Cracking• Thermal instability, motorization events
We’ll make a difference!HS Balance CIATI.ppt 11/20/08 Proprietary Information
Bowed Rotor: IP Rotor Case Study
Runout measurements were carried out as part of the rotor inspection. Measurements revealed a significant bow in the rotor.
Based on the findings, corrective machining was carried out to minimize the mass unbalance resulting from the bow.
In order to assure satisfactory operation, the rotor was high speed balanced and oversped to 110% of operating speed (3960 RPM).
We’ll make a difference!HS Balance CIATI.ppt 11/20/08 Proprietary Information
F1ABCDEFGHJKLMNPF2 F3RS
Face Cplg. Journal Journal Cplg. Fit FaceF2 P N M L K J H G F E D C B S R A F3 F1
0 0.0007 0.0000 0.0000 0.0003 0.0050 0.0060 0.0075 0.0080 0.0100 0.0140 0.0130 0.0070 0.0055 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.002245 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0010 0.0040 0.0040 0.0055 0.0060 0.0080 0.0100 0.0100 0.0080 0.0045 0.0001 0.0005 0.0010 0.0010 0.0015 0.001790 0.0004 0.0015 0.0013 0.0011 0.0030 0.0030 0.0030 0.0035 0.0050 0.0060 0.0080 0.0050 0.0035 0.0000 0.0015 0.0025 0.0030 0.0045 0.0007135 0.0002 0.0020 0.0015 0.0015 0.0025 0.0010 0.0015 0.0010 0.0000 0.0010 0.0030 0.0020 0.0025 0.0004 0.0025 0.0050 0.0070 0.0070 0.0000180 0.0001 0.0018 0.0014 0.0018 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0010 0.0004 0.0025 0.0055 0.0085 0.0075 0.0002225 0.0000 0.0010 0.0005 0.0008 0.0020 0.0000 0.0025 0.0005 0.0020 0.0060 0.0080 0.0030 0.0000 0.0003 0.0020 0.0040 0.0060 0.0050 0.0012270 0.0002 0.0005 0.0001 0.0000 0.0045 0.0020 0.0030 0.0030 0.0050 0.0080 0.0110 0.0050 0.0025 0.0002 0.0010 0.0020 0.0030 0.0020 0.0022315 0.0005 0.0003 0.0000 0.0003 0.0055 0.0050 0.0055 0.0065 0.0080 0.0120 0.0140 0.0075 0.0050 0.0001 0.0000 0.0005 0.0005 0.0000 0.00270 0.0007 0.0000 0.0000 0.0003 0.0050 0.0060 0.0075 0.0080 0.0100 0.0140 0.0130 0.0070 0.0055 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0022
Max 0.0007 0.0020 0.0015 0.0018 0.0055 0.0060 0.0075 0.0080 0.0100 0.0140 0.0140 0.0080 0.0055 0.0004 0.0025 0.0055 0.0085 0.0075 0.0027
Inlet
Runout Measurements are made at a Series of Pointsto Assess Rotor Condition
NOTE: Runout measurements are made by ReGENco as part of any rotor work. Runouts are also routinely carried out to assess rotor condition prior to high speed balancing of 3 rd party rotors.
We’ll make a difference!HS Balance CIATI.ppt 11/20/08 Proprietary Information
Runout Evaluation
The eccentricity values are used to evaluate the rotor condition and determine corrective moves of the journal centerline to minimize mass unbalance in the case of a bowed rotor.
We’ll make a difference!HS Balance CIATI.ppt 11/20/08 Proprietary Information
3D Eccentricity Plot Derived from IP Rotor Runout Data
We’ll make a difference!HS Balance CIATI.ppt 11/20/08 Proprietary Information
Determination of Corrective Centerline Move
A finite element model of the rotor was developed and the 3D measured eccentricity distribution applied to it.
Based on the above model and using ReGENco’s center correction optimization program a move of the journal centerline was calculated in order to minimize the rotor unbalance distribution and maximize its balance performance.
.006” Eccentricity centerline
We’ll make a difference!HS Balance CIATI.ppt 11/20/08 Proprietary Information
IP Rotor Corrective Actions
Reworked TE & EE coupling centers to displace the rotational centerline to minimize mass unbalance
Remachined the TE and EE journals round and true to new centerline
Cleanup machined the shrouds at all blade stages Cleanup machined the seal areas between the EE blade stages (2-
3, 3-4, and 4-5) true and round Machined the EE coupling rim true and round and machined the
coupling face perpendicular to new axis of rotation Roll / peen the coupling fit and machined it true and round to
original fit diameter
We’ll make a difference!HS Balance CIATI.ppt 11/20/08 Proprietary Information
Reduction in Peak Eccentricity from 6.5 to 3.6 mils
Prior to Machining After Machining
We’ll make a difference!HS Balance CIATI.ppt 11/20/08 Proprietary Information
IP Turbine Rotor – High Speed Balance
We’ll make a difference!HS Balance CIATI.ppt 11/20/08 Proprietary Information
First Run Results – Measurements at Journals
We’ll make a difference!HS Balance CIATI.ppt 11/20/08 Proprietary Information
Final Balance Results – Measurements at Journals