High-Stress Abrasion and Impact-Abrasion

Testing of Wear Resistant Steels

Vilma Ratia, Kati Valtonen, Minnamari Vippola and

Veli-Tapani Kuokkala Tampere University of Technology,

Department of Materials Science, Tampere Wear Center,

Tampere, Finland

Anu Kemppainen Ruukki Metals Oy, Finland

Presented at:

International Tribology Conference

Hiroshima, Japan

30.10.-3.11.2011

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Greetings from Tampere, Finland

25.11.2014

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Tampere Wear Center - TWC

Metals

Composites

Polymers

Coatings

Ceramics

Collaborating universities and research institutes

TWC

- Basic research on wear

- Wear in various applications

- Design for better wear resistance

- Selection and development of wear resistant materials

Companies

- Expertise in processes- Design

- Wear in various industrial

applications

- Selection of materials

- Business models

TUT / DMS

- Testing- Manufacturing

- Modelling

- Simulation

- Characterization - Corrosion

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Contents

• Introduction

• Materials and methods

• Results and discussion:

• Mass loss vs. hardness

• Wear surfaces

• Conclusions

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Introduction: Why to test?

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Materials and methods: Materials

Abrasive: Granite

• From Sorila quarry, Finland

• Abrasiveness 1920 g/t

• Crushability 34%

Material Crushing pin-on-disc Uniaxial crusher Impeller-tumbler

S355 162 162 154

Raex 400 368 368 403

Raex 450 456 445 456

Raex 500 492 469 492

Hardness [HBW] of the tested materials:

Materials and methods: Methods

Crushing pin-on-disc Uniaxial crusher Impeller-tumbler

sample

Method Type Motion Force Abrasive size

Crushing pin-on-disc High-stress abrasion crushing 200 N 2-10 mm

sliding

Uniaxial crusher High-stress abrasion crushing 53 kN 4-6.3 mm

Impeller-tumbler Impact-abrasion impact N/A 10-12.5 mm

sliding

Results and discussion: Mass loss vs. hardness

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Hardness [HBW]

Mass

lo

ss v

s. re

fere

nce (

Raex

40

0) Crushing pin-on-disc

Uniaxial crusher

Impeller-tumbler

Results and discussion: Wear surfaces of samples

tested with crushing pin-on-disc

S355 Raex 400

Results and discussion:

Wear surfaces of samples tested with uniaxial crusher

S355 Raex 500

Results and discussion:

Wear surfaces of samples tested with impeller-tumbler

S355 Raex 400

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Conclusions

• Effect of hardness on wear resistance varied

Crushing abrasion (uniaxial crushing)

Three-body abrasion (crushing pin-on-disc)

Impact-abrasion (impeller-tumbler)

• Wear surfaces

• More plastic deformation in steels with lower hardness

• Larger surface formations

• Scratches more visible in harder steels

• Less plastic deformation

• Transition in wear mechanism

• Cutting

Thank you for your attention!