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Higher Education ScenarioHigher Education Scenario
Michael ZastrockyMichael Zastrocky
What are the key economic, political and What are the key economic, political and IT drivers currently facing higher education?IT drivers currently facing higher education?
How will higher education acquire or build the How will higher education acquire or build the management information systems necessary to management information systems necessary to support radical changes in higher education?support radical changes in higher education?
What must institutions do to resolve IT leadership What must institutions do to resolve IT leadership and staffing problems?and staffing problems?
Which technologies will best support the Which technologies will best support the growing requirement for distributed learning growing requirement for distributed learning and collaboration?and collaboration?
Key IssuesKey Issues
Key IssuesKey Issues
What are the key economic, political and What are the key economic, political and IT drivers currently facing higher education?IT drivers currently facing higher education?
How will higher education acquire or build the How will higher education acquire or build the management information systems necessary to management information systems necessary to support radical changes in higher education?support radical changes in higher education?
What must institutions do to resolve IT leadership What must institutions do to resolve IT leadership and staffing problems?and staffing problems?
Which technologies will best support the Which technologies will best support the growing requirement for distributed learning growing requirement for distributed learning and collaboration?and collaboration?
Distance learning and the concept of the virtual university will Distance learning and the concept of the virtual university will continue to drive academic and management thought and continue to drive academic and management thought and
decisions. Much of the movement will be based on economic decisions. Much of the movement will be based on economic and political pressures.and political pressures.
Economic and Economic and Political PressuresPolitical Pressures
Traditional Colleges Traditional Colleges and and
UniversitiesUniversities
Political DriversPolitical Drivers
Competition fromCompetition fromNontraditionalNontraditional
SourcesSources
Traditional Colleges Traditional Colleges and and
UniversitiesUniversities
Changing CompetitionChanging Competition
Competition from nontraditional providers continues to weigh Competition from nontraditional providers continues to weigh heavily in planning decisions for traditional campuses. Many heavily in planning decisions for traditional campuses. Many executives are concerned that traditional higher education executives are concerned that traditional higher education will be left with expensive, difficult-to-deliver and manage will be left with expensive, difficult-to-deliver and manage
courses and programs.courses and programs.
The Western Governors The Western Governors University: Reality in 1998?University: Reality in 1998?
Global?Global?
American SamoaAmerican SamoaGuamGuam
Northern MarianasNorthern Marianas
Wash.Wash.
Ore.Ore.
Calif.Calif.
Nev.Nev.
IdahoIdaho
Mont.Mont. N.D.N.D.
S.D.S.D.Wyo.Wyo.
UtahUtah Colo.Colo.Neb.Neb.
Kan.Kan.
Ariz.Ariz. N.M.N.M.
TexasTexas
AlaskaAlaska
HawaiiHawaiiOk.Ok.
IndianaIndiana
Key IssuesKey Issues
What are the key economic, political and What are the key economic, political and IT drivers currently facing higher education?IT drivers currently facing higher education?
How will higher education acquire or build the How will higher education acquire or build the management information systems necessary to management information systems necessary to support radical changes in higher education?support radical changes in higher education?
What must institutions do to resolve IT leadership What must institutions do to resolve IT leadership and staffing problems?and staffing problems?
Which technologies will best support the Which technologies will best support the growing requirement for distributed learning growing requirement for distributed learning and collaboration?and collaboration?
Doing more with less is slowly being replaced by doing Doing more with less is slowly being replaced by doing different things and setting prioritiesdifferent things and setting priorities
Return on investment questions are being asked of all Return on investment questions are being asked of all investments, especially ITinvestments, especially IT
Increased business (and technology) heterogeneity, at least Increased business (and technology) heterogeneity, at least in the short runin the short run
Changing roles of, and relationships between, customers Changing roles of, and relationships between, customers and institutions are creating new information demandsand institutions are creating new information demands
Shifting focus to student-centered learning is leading to Shifting focus to student-centered learning is leading to increased use of information technologies and resourcesincreased use of information technologies and resources
Business TrendsBusiness Trends
Higher Education TrendsHigher Education Trends
Higher Education TrendsHigher Education Trends
Continued widespread use of application packages Continued widespread use of application packages
Institutions are increasingly seeking enterprisewide, Institutions are increasingly seeking enterprisewide, integrated solutions to resolve year 2000 problems and integrated solutions to resolve year 2000 problems and aged systemsaged systems
New technology-enabled initiatives will increasingly focus New technology-enabled initiatives will increasingly focus on distance learning, the virtual library and providing access on distance learning, the virtual library and providing access to a broader range of students anywhere, any time, to a broader range of students anywhere, any time, anyplaceanyplace
More application functionality, friendliness and flexibility will More application functionality, friendliness and flexibility will be required in a time of increasing business and be required in a time of increasing business and technology heterogeneitytechnology heterogeneity
System TrendsSystem Trends
A high level of satisfaction with current systemsA high level of satisfaction with current systems
A stable environment with no crisis apparent in the futureA stable environment with no crisis apparent in the future
A strong relationship with end users to partner with IS A strong relationship with end users to partner with IS organizations to redesign and build new systemsorganizations to redesign and build new systems
A high level of understanding of best practices in higher A high level of understanding of best practices in higher education and what others are doingeducation and what others are doing
Clear project roles and an understanding of the work Clear project roles and an understanding of the work involvedinvolved
The ability to manage new projects or major redesignThe ability to manage new projects or major redesignwhile maintaining old systemswhile maintaining old systems
Growing Your Own Growing Your Own Administrative ApplicationsAdministrative Applications
Buying Administrative Buying Administrative Applications For Higher Applications For Higher EducationEducation The need to bring software up sooner than later —The need to bring software up sooner than later —time constraintstime constraints
The desire to share development costs with othersThe desire to share development costs with others
Upgrades and new releases on a regular basisUpgrades and new releases on a regular basis
The availability of additional support — both technical The availability of additional support — both technical and end userand end user
Current systems being outdated and requiring a major leap Current systems being outdated and requiring a major leap in functionality and designin functionality and design
The lack of adequate staff to build its own systemsThe lack of adequate staff to build its own systems
The fact that constant change adds to confusion — The fact that constant change adds to confusion — vendors can better assess changes and impactvendors can better assess changes and impact
The promise of functionality not The promise of functionality not currently availablecurrently available
Collaboration in design with vendor Collaboration in design with vendor and other institutionsand other institutions
The expectation of viable support structureThe expectation of viable support structure
Latest technologiesLatest technologies
Partnering With a Vendor andPartnering With a Vendor andSelected Institutions to Provide Selected Institutions to Provide Admin. ApplicationsAdmin. Applications
StableStable Environment Environment
DynamicDynamic Environment Environment
FunctionalityFunctionality 40%40% 15%15%
CostsCosts 5050 1010
Service/SupportService/Support 1010 1515
TechnologyTechnology 00 1515
VisionVision 00 2020
Ability to ExecuteAbility to Execute 00 2525
Evaluation CriteriaEvaluation Criteria
Functionality:Functionality: Does it do what you need?Does it do what you need?
Costs:Costs: How do you know total costs?How do you know total costs?
Services/Support:Services/Support: Who, how and where?Who, how and where?
Technology:Technology: Is it mainstream?Is it mainstream?
Vision:Vision: Right for your institution?Right for your institution?
Ability to Execute:Ability to Execute: Will they be able to make it all work?Will they be able to make it all work?
Criteria DefinitionsCriteria Definitions
Key IssuesKey Issues
What are the key economic, political and What are the key economic, political and IT drivers currently facing higher education?IT drivers currently facing higher education?
How will higher education acquire or build the How will higher education acquire or build the management information systems necessary to management information systems necessary to support radical changes in higher education?support radical changes in higher education?
What must institutions do to resolve IT leadership What must institutions do to resolve IT leadership and staffing problems?and staffing problems?
Which technologies will best support the Which technologies will best support the growing requirement for distributed learning growing requirement for distributed learning and collaboration?and collaboration?
Changing technologiesChanging technologies
Changing role of information resource management Changing role of information resource management
Increased user service-level expectationsIncreased user service-level expectations
Budget constraintsBudget constraints
Lack of internal skills Lack of internal skills
Market demand for highly prized IS talentMarket demand for highly prized IS talent
Leadership issues and concernsLeadership issues and concerns
Forces Causing Changes Forces Causing Changes In IT Human Resource In IT Human Resource ManagementManagement
DesiredDesired Build a continuous learning Build a continuous learning
environmentenvironment Leverage experts and transfer Leverage experts and transfer
knowledgeknowledge Certify the expertise of IT sourcesCertify the expertise of IT sources Motivate IS staff to develop their Motivate IS staff to develop their
skillsskills Develop IS staff expertise by Develop IS staff expertise by
allowing for a focus on key skillsallowing for a focus on key skills Retain key staff membersRetain key staff members Attract new talentAttract new talent
ActualActual Organizations are under investing in Organizations are under investing in
IT trainingIT training Mentoring programs are not in placeMentoring programs are not in place There is limited skills certification There is limited skills certification
todaytoday Organizations place artificial Organizations place artificial
boundaries on IS professionalsboundaries on IS professionals IS organizations are understaffed, IS organizations are understaffed,
creating generalistscreating generalists Staff turnover is skyrocketingStaff turnover is skyrocketing Marketing programs are not in placeMarketing programs are not in place
The result is an IS work force that is over-stressed The result is an IS work force that is over-stressed and increasingly mercenary — loyalty is fleeting!and increasingly mercenary — loyalty is fleeting!
Desired vs. Actual HR Practices Desired vs. Actual HR Practices of Higher Education IS of Higher Education IS OrganizationsOrganizations
LeadershipLeadership
TechnicalTechnicalSkills andSkills andUnderstandingUnderstanding
Understanding the Business Understanding the Business of Higher Educationof Higher Education
ISISEmployeeEmployee
20002000
IT Management Skills IT Management Skills for Higher Educationfor Higher Education
Java
Intranets
DigitalVideo Disk
CableModems
WWW
AgentsVirtualReality
PDAs
Handwriting Recognition
Desktop Videoconferencing
Database Mining
OO Programming
Workflow Imaging
Peak of InflatedExpectations
Trough ofDisillusionment
Slope ofEnlightenment
Plateau ofProductivity
TechnologyTrigger
Smart Cards
Time
Visibility
Hype Cycle of Emerging Technologies
CostsCosts
LaborLabor
19611961 2001200119971997
Technology Components
Time Time
Changing CostsChanging Costs
Distance Distance Learning Tools Learning Tools (i.e., CBT, (i.e., CBT, Video)Video)
Allows for self-paced Allows for self-paced learning. Higher learning. Higher consistency and consistency and absorption rates of absorption rates of information than information than classroom. classroom.
MechanismMechanism ProsPros ConsCons
Lacks high human-touch Lacks high human-touch factor needed to solve factor needed to solve and master complex and master complex problems posed by problems posed by significant paradigm significant paradigm shifts.shifts.
Electronic Electronic Performance Performance Support SystemSupport System
High human touch High human touch learning for embracing learning for embracing new concepts.new concepts.
Can raise Can raise knowledge level knowledge level quickly.quickly.
Low absorption.Low absorption.Travel expense. Travel expense.
Highly customized. Highly customized. Expensive to maintain.Expensive to maintain.
ClassroomClassroom
MentoringMentoring
JITTJITT
High human touch. High human touch. Apply knowledge as it Apply knowledge as it is learned. Build is learned. Build something of value something of value while training.while training.
Significant management Significant management overhead and expense.overhead and expense.
Training SystemsTraining Systems
Key IssuesKey Issues
What are the key economic, political and What are the key economic, political and IT drivers currently facing higher education?IT drivers currently facing higher education?
How will higher education acquire or build the How will higher education acquire or build the management information systems necessary to management information systems necessary to support radical changes in higher education?support radical changes in higher education?
What must institutions do to resolve IT leadership What must institutions do to resolve IT leadership and staffing problems?and staffing problems?
Which technologies will best support the Which technologies will best support the growing requirement for distributed learning growing requirement for distributed learning and collaboration?and collaboration?
Time zonesTime zonesMobile work forceMobile work forceFlexible work dayFlexible work day
Multimodal communicationMultimodal communicationMovement and manipulationMovement and manipulationSocial presenceSocial presence
VideoconferencingVideoconferencingNetworked virtual environmentsNetworked virtual environments
(point of impact)(point of impact)
Era of Shared Space Era of Shared Space in Higher Educationin Higher Education
The business of higher education is changing rapidly The business of higher education is changing rapidly and the move to build the virtual university for the 21st and the move to build the virtual university for the 21st century will continue to drive academic institutions to view century will continue to drive academic institutions to view IT as strategic. IT as strategic.
Academic information systems will need to be redesigned Academic information systems will need to be redesigned and current vendor offerings are not adequate to support and current vendor offerings are not adequate to support the demand from colleges and universities. Some the demand from colleges and universities. Some institutions will find it more feasible to appropriately align IT institutions will find it more feasible to appropriately align IT with changing business practices and implement less than with changing business practices and implement less than elegant technical solutions.elegant technical solutions.
Bottom LineBottom Line
Bottom LineBottom Line
When acquiring academic administrative applications, there When acquiring academic administrative applications, there are no IT projects, just business projects with an IT are no IT projects, just business projects with an IT component. Proper involvement of the business component. Proper involvement of the business professionals is critical to the project’s success. In addition professionals is critical to the project’s success. In addition to technical skills, IS professionals can provide critical to technical skills, IS professionals can provide critical process and project management skills needed to avoid process and project management skills needed to avoid many common pitfalls of application acquisition.many common pitfalls of application acquisition.
The graying of IS management in higher education is here. The graying of IS management in higher education is here. Institutions have a very short time to begin to train and Institutions have a very short time to begin to train and prepare the next generation of CIOs and executive leaders prepare the next generation of CIOs and executive leaders in higher education. Turnover will likely increase as in higher education. Turnover will likely increase as demand for existing talent increases. Institutions need to demand for existing talent increases. Institutions need to improve their compensation programs and work improve their compensation programs and work environment to retain and recruit IS talent.environment to retain and recruit IS talent.
Higher Education ScenarioHigher Education Scenario
Michael ZastrockyMichael Zastrocky