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Highly Autonomous Vehicles and Their An6cipated Impacts on Law Enforcement GHSA Law Enforcement Liaison (LEL) Network February 15, 2017 Brian Ursino, AAMVA, Director of Law Enforcement
HighlyAutonomousVehiclesandTheirAn6cipatedImpactson
LawEnforcement
GHSALawEnforcementLiaison(LEL)NetworkFebruary15,2017
BrianUrsino,AAMVA,DirectorofLawEnforcement
Foundedin1933,theAmericanAssocia5onofMotorVehicleAdministrators(AAMVA)representstheMotorVehicleandStatePolice/HighwayPatrolandProvincialPoliceAdministratorsofall69states,provincesandterritoriesoftheU.S.andCanada
AAMVA Board of Directors
Driver Committee
Vehicle Committee
Driver Committee
Law Enforcement Committee
Vehicle Committee
Autonomous Vehicle
Working Group
Working Group
Working Group
Working Group
Working Group
Working Group
Working Group
AmongAAMVA’stoppriori5esishelpingourmemberspreparefornewtechnologiesexpectedbydriverssuchas:MobileDriversLicenses…
…andAutomatedVehicles
6
Level0–NoAutoma6on
Level1–DriverAssistance
Level3–Condi6onalAutoma6on
Level4–HighAutoma6on
Level5–FullAutoma6on
Level2–Par6alAutoma6on
AAMVAisadop5ngclassifica5ontermssimilartoSAE:
ThetermHighlyAutomatedVehicles(HAV)hasbeenadoptedbyNHTSAwhichincludesSAELevels3,4and5.
Source:Na5onalCouncilforStateLegislatures
UniformguidelinesforHighlyAutonomousVehicledeploymentandopera5onwillprovidecertaintyforOEMs,aidinthequickandefficient
deploymentofthesevehicles,andenhancetrafficsafety
Year-over-yeargrowthinStatesintroducingAVLegisla5on
StatesIntroducingAVLegisla6on
PublishedSeptember2016andcanbefoundatwww.transporta5on.gov/AVSec6on1–VehiclePerformanceGuidanceforAutomatedVehicles(outlinesbestprac5cesforsafepre-deploymentdevelopmentandtes5ngpriortocommercialsale;setsUSDOTexpecta5onsofindustry).Sec6on2–ModelStatePolicy(recognizesstates’sovereigntywhileencouragingaconsistentna5onalframeworkratherthanapatchworkofinconsistentlaws.ReferencespartnershipwithAAMVA).
Sec6on3–NHTSA’sCurrentRegulatoryTools(beingexpandedtoincludestreamlinedreviewandexemp5onrequestprocesses).Sec6on4–NewToolsandAuthori6es(Iden5fiespoten5alnewtools,authori5esandregulatorystructuretoenablesafeandexpedi5ousdeploymentofnewtechnologies).
Sec6onTwo–TheAAMVAAVWGprovidedsignificantinputintothecontentcontainedinSec6onTwo–ModelStatePolicy:Recognizesstates’sovereignty.Thepolicyclearlydelineates:ü FederalResponsibili6es
ü StateResponsibili6es
ü TheModelStatePolicy
ConcurrentwiththedevelopmentoftheFederalAutomatedVehiclesPolicy,theAAMVAAutonomousVehicleWorkingGroupwasandisworkingoncomple5ng“GuidelinesfortheRegula5onofHighlyAutomatedVehicles”…ThisisafinalpieceofworkthatwillprovidethestatesacompaniondocumentinsupportoftheUSDOTModelStatePolicytohelpimplementthemodelstatepolicyfromastateperspec5ve.
*An6cipatepublishingin2017
TheAVWGhasthreesub-groupsfocusingonissuesimpac5ng:- Drivers:Licensing&Tes6ng;- Vehicles:Titling&Registra6on;and- LawEnforcement:Concerns&Challenges
TheGuidelinesfortheRegula6onofHighlyAutomatedVehiclesmayincludethefollowinggeneraltopicalareas:• Administra5on• Tes5ngVehiclesonPublicRoadways• Jurisdic5onalPermissiontoTest(PermicngProcess)• Tes5ngbyManufacturers• DriverTraining&Examina5onConsidera5onsforDeployedVehicles
• Registra5onandTitleConsidera5onsforDeployedVehicles• LawEnforcementConsidera6onsforDeployedVehicles
• CrashandIncidentRepor6ng• CriminalAc5vi5es• DistractedDriving• Enforcement/Penal5es• FirstResponderSafety• LawEnforcementandFirstResponderTraining• VehicleResponsetoEmergencyVehicles,ManualTrafficControls,andAtypicalRoadCondi6ons
• SystemMisuseandAbuse• VehicleIden5fica5on• Viola5onCodesProgramming• RulesoftheRoad
TheU.S.DepartmentofTransporta5onprovidesMinimumModelUniformCrashCriteria(MMUCC)crashreportguidancetothestates.AAMVAisontheMMUCCCommieeewhichiscurrentlydevelopingtheFifhEdi5onforpublica5onin2017toincludeAVdataelements.(FourthEdi5onwaspublishedin2012)
ForpurposesoftheAAMVAReport,crashinves5ga5onrelatestoinves5ga5ngcrashesbetweenAutonomousVehicles(AVs)andothervehicles,persons,animals,orobjectswhetherornottheAVisresponsible.
AlthoughAVsmayprovidesignificantsafetybenefitsbyreducinghumanerrors,theywillinevitablybeinvolvedintrafficcrashes,especiallyduringtheyearsofini5alintroduc5onandintegra5onwiththeexis5ngmotoringpopula5on.Duetothepoten5al foruniqueopera5onalcharacteris5csofautonomousvehicles,responderstothesecrashesmaybeplacedatriskiftheyarenottrainedtothehazardstheymayencounter.
Trafficsafetyisofendependentontheabilityofadrivertorecognizeandrespondappropriatelytoawidevarietyofhazardsinanever-changingroadwayenvironment.Thesehazardsinclude,butarenotlimitedtobothmovingandstoppedemergencyvehicles,emergencyworkersandotherpedestriansmanuallydirec5ngtraffic,changingtrafficpaeernsorcondi5onsinroadwayconstruc5onandmaintenancezones,crashscenes,roaddebrisorotherobstruc5ons.TheNHTSAFederalAutomatedVehiclesPolicyreferstosuchvehicleopera5onalfunc5onsasObjectandEventDetec5onandResponse(OEDR).OEDRreferstothedetec5onbythedriverorHighlyAutomatedVehicle(HAV)systemofanycircumstancethatisrelevanttotheimmediatedrivingtask,aswellastheimplementa5onoftheappropriatedriverorHAVsystemresponsetothecircumstance.
ConcernForConnectedVehicleHackingsPromptsFederalStudyJanuary25,2017:Abipar5sanbillprescribingaHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministra5onstudyoncybersecurityinconnectedvehiclesenteredconsidera5onintheHouseofRepresenta5ves.InpartnershipwiththeFederalTradeCommission,theDefenseDepartment,andothers,thestudywouldcreateastandardforisola5ngvehiclesofwaresystems,storingsystemdata,andpreven5ngdatabreaches.AAMVAistrackingthisbillasitmovesthroughthelegisla5veprocess.
Issue:ShouldHAV’sstrictlyadheretoRulesoftheRoad?Issue:Ingeneral,manytrafficlawsaresimilarfromjurisdic5ontojurisdic5on.However,therearealsomanytrafficlawsthatarejurisdic5onspecific.Poten5alResolu5on…
NCHRP20-102(07)Implica5onsofAutoma5onforMotorVehicleCodes:
OBJECTIVE:toprovidestatedepartmentsoftransporta5on(DOTs)andmotorvehicledepartmentswithguidanceandresourcestoassistwiththelegalchangesthatwillbeneededfromtherolloutofconnectedandautomatedvehicles.
