Servicio Nacional de Sanidad, Inocuidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria

Updated, October 17th, 2012

Highly pathogenic avian influenza H7N3 in Mexico

Poultry production - 2011

Product Production (tons)

$ Mexican pesos

(million) % Participation

Table eggs 2’538,137 35,450 29.52

Broiler 2’906,214 58,386 33.80

Turkey 13,103 694 0.15

Total 5’457,454 94,530 63.48

Source: Compendium of the economic poultry sector indicators 2012, National Union of Poultry Farmers.

National production: 8´598,478 tons.

Chicken

Turkey

Egg Swine

Honey

Sheep 0.65%

Goat 0.51%

Beef Poultry farming 63.48%

Livestock production 2011 (percentage of participation)

3

Some data of the egg production

World production • China is the most important producer in the

world (40%), followed by USA (9%); India (5%); Japan (4%), Mexico (4%), and Rusia (4%).

• Mexico is the 5th egg world producer. Four of every 100 eggs in the world are mexican.

National production • Mexico produces 2.3 millions of egg metric tons

a year. With value of 2,506 million USD. First world consumer (22 Kg) per people.

• 100% of the consumed egg is produce in Mexico. • The main producer state is Jalisco with 51% of

total production.

AI H7 Notifications to the OIE Country virus Date outbreak

KOREA H7N7 03/23/2005

CANADA H7N3 09/27/2007

UNITED KINGDOM H7N7 06/04/2008

SPAIN H7N7 10/11/2009

UNITED STATES H7N9 06/29/2011

UNITED STATES H7N3 03/25/2011

SOUTH AFRICA H7N1 02/01/2012

MEXICO H7N3 06/21/2012

2012 OUTBREAKS

2005 -2012

AI eradication costs

5

Country Number of

eliminated birds (million)

Costs (USD) Year of eradication

USA (H5N2) 17 65 million, 30% increase in the egg cost

1983

Italia (H7N1) 18 100 million to pay eliminated birds and 500 millions to indirect costs.

1999-2000

Hong Kong (H5N1)

1.4 13 million 1997

Hong Kong (H5N1)

1.2 3.8 million 2001

Europa (H7N7)

30 314 million 2003

Canadá 17 380 million 2004

Chile (H5N1 IABP)

0.53 2009

Background

Activities from July 3 to 18

Beginning of the vaccine potency test.

Establishment of the quarantine zone.

New rules for the mobilization of avian products from Jalisco.

July 26, first batch of 10 million dosis of AI vaccine is delivered to the producers

June 18 First notification to SAGARPA: High mortality of layers in Tepatitlan, Jalisco. June 18-19 Samples were received in the BSL-3 reference laboratory June 20 Official confirmation of avian influenza H7. June 21 Beginning of the emergency plan, situational diagnosis and contraepidemic activities (including

the possibility of vaccination). Mobilization control. June 22 1:30 am Notification to the OIE. Beginning of the sampling of technified farms and backyard

poultry near the focal area. June 23 – 24 confirmation of highly pathogenic avian influenza H7N3. Notification to the OIE. June 25 Situational diagnosis . July 2 DINESA (Operative National Animal Health Emergency) publication as a mandatory guideline to control the outbreak.

Laboratory diagnosis

1. Virus Identification The virus identification was carried out by

the Hemagglutination inhibition test. It was identified as avian influenza virus

subtype H7

Virus identification was carried out by A/Chicken/British Columbia/CN-00006/2004

(H7N3) reference antisera

Laboratory diagnosis

2. Identification of influenza virus by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) • Matrix protein • H5* • H7* The protocol was adopted from USDA – APHIS NVSL. SOP - AVPRO1510.04 - 2008

Laboratory diagnosis

3. Intravenous Pathogenicity Index Test (IVPI) *

* Harmonized protocol among The United States of America, Canada and Mexico

Facilities

The IVPI was conducted at CENASA facilities

The index was calculated as the mean score per bird per observation. In the above result this would be 290/100 = 2.90. The classifying criteria for the isolated AI was highly pathogenic.

Laboratory diagnosis

* Harmonized protocol among The United States of America, Canada and Mexico

The index was calculated as the mean score per bird per observation. In the above result this would be 290/100 = 2.90. The classifying criteria for the isolated AI was highly pathogenic.

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The Intravenous Pathogenicity Index Test (IVPI) *

Clinicalsigns

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 D10 Total Score

Normal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 0 0

Sick 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 1 0

Paralyzed 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 X 2 20

Dead 0 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 90 X 3 270

Total 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 100 290

Laboratory diagnosis

5. Sequencing results

Cleavage site

HA1 HA2

A/chicken/British ColumbiaAY559235 PENPK /TRG Reference Strain

CPA-2817-06 /2006 PENPK /TRG 2006 Strain

CPA-12283-2012/2012 PENPKDRKSRHRRTR /TRG 2012 Strain

Diagnosis

The virus was confirmed as H7N3 by PCR and sequencing. An insertion of basic amino acids was detected in the cleavage site that characterizes a high pathogenic virus.

This insertion could be a part of the chicken genome!

National and state view

13

14

Regional view

16

Regional view

Primary focus

Index focus

Cuerpos de Agua

HPAI affected farms near lakes and water reservoirs where migratory birds arrive

Municipio Población Total Enfermos Muertos Propietario Fecha primer aislamiento

TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS 310,000 90,000 10,000 GRANJA AVICOLA LA GUADALUPANA 26/06/2012 ACATIC 71,488 0 0 LA UNION TEPATITLAN S. A. DE C.V. 29/06/2012

TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS 216,000 206,000 206,000 AVICOLA ALEJANDRINA (CARLOS GONZALEZ GONZALEZ) 29/06/2012

TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS 102,000 100,000 78,000 AVICOLA LA JOYA (GUILLERMO NAVARRO RAMIREZ) 29/06/2012

TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS 165,000 45 10 POSTA EL CUATRO, S.A. DE C.V. 29/06/2012 TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS 133,975 2 1 LA UNION TEPATITLAN 29/06/2012

ACATIC 1,400,000 700,000 39,970 GENA AGROPECUARIA. 29/06/2012 TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS 92,000 250 250 GM FARM'S S.A. DE C.V. 29/06/2012 TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS 96,000 46,000 46,000 AGROPECUARIA DALEG S.A. DE C.V. 29/06/2012 TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS 55,000 35,000 25,000 GM FARM'S S. A. DE C. V. 29/06/2012 TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS 150,000 5,000 2,000 GUSTAVO DE ANDA GONZALEZ 29/06/2012

ACATIC 215,000 7,000 3,000 ALEJANDRO NAVARRO RAMIREZ (AVICAM). 29/06/2012 VALLE DE GUADALUPE 395000 1 1 GM. FARM’S, S. A. DE C. V. 29/06/2012

ACATIC 75,000 20,000 13,000 ALFREDO CASILLAS CASILLAS 29/06/2012

TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS 500,000 500 200 GRANJA AVICOLA LA GUADALUPANA 29/06/2012

ACATIC 236,000 0 0 AVICOLA MIRAFLORES (ARTURO ESQUIVIAS ROMERO) 29/06/2012

VALLE DE GUADALUPE 140,587 4 3 AGROPECUARIA PEREZ CASILLAS S.A. DE C.V. 29/06/2012 TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS 30,000 3 2 GRANJA AVICOLA LA GUADALUPANA 29/06/2012 TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS 94,500 55,000 55,000 GM FARM'S S.A. DE C.V. 29/06/2012 TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS 165,000 0 0 POSTA EL CUATRO S.A. DE C.V. (AVES) 29/06/2012 TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS 800,000 800,000 280,000 GRUPO GONZALEZ LOZANO S.A DE C.V. 29/06/2012

TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS 235,000 4,000 4,000 GM FARM'S S.A. DE C.V. 29/06/2012

TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS 49,056 263 105 OSCAR EDUARDO MARTIN GUTIERREZ 29/06/2012

ACATIC 395,000 195,000 150,000 ALEJANDRO NAVARRO RAMIREZ (AVICAM). 29/06/2012 SAN MIGUEL EL ALTO 1,526,001 10 10 GENA AGROPECUARIA S.A DE C. V. 02/07/2012

TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS 40000 10 10 GRUPO ESTRADA DE LA TORRE, S. A. DE C. V. 05/07/2012

TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS 112000 10 10 GRUPO ESTRADA DE LA TORRE S.A. DE C.V. 05/07/2012

TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS 152000 12 10 AVICOLA GANADERA DE JALISCO S.A. DE C.V. 06/07/2012

VALLE DE GUADALUPE 396000 0 0 AVICOLA BUENDIA-ANTONIO GUTIERREZ MARTIN 07/07/2012

TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS 254320 254320 75000 AVICOLA CARMELITA (OSCAR SILVINO MARTIN MARTIN) 07/07/2012 TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS 113,000 10 10 MIGUEL GONZÁLEZ CUEVAS 07/07/2012

ACATIC 45000 6 5 PRODUCTORES UNIDOS DE TEPATITLAN (J. JESUS MARTIN GUTIERREZ) 08/07/2012

JALOSTOTITLAN 576757 0 0 PROTEINA ANIMAL SA DE CV 09/07/2012 TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS 550000 5500 320 HECTOR ALCALA GONZALEZ (AVES) 21/07/2012 ENCARNACION DE DIAZ 405109 0 0 BENJAMIN PEREZ DE ANDA 22/07/2012

TEOCALTICHE 30908 3090 1000 INTERPEC SAN MARCOS 25/07/2012 TEOCALTICHE 294440 0 0 INTERPEC SAN MARCOS 25/07/2012 TEOCALTICHE 30758 9227 1000 INTERPEC SAN MARCOS 25/07/2012 TEOCALTICHE 27688 5537 1000 INTERPEC SAN MARCOS 25/07/2012 TEOCALTICHE 55000 12000 300 AGROINDUSTRIAS QUESADA 26/07/2012 TEOCALTICHE 43500 9500 288 AGROINDUSTRIAS QUESADA 26/07/2012

SAN IGNACIO CERRO GORDO 132841 10 10 AGROPECUARIA GIRO S.A. DE C.V. 13/08/2012

VALLE DE GUADALUPE 9500 2850 500 EMPAQUES DE SAN JUAN S.A. DE C.V. 13/08/2012

TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS 280000 250000 100000 AVICOLA EL DURAZNO S. A. DE C.V. 20/08/2012

TEPATITLAN DE MORELOS 134400 86567 86567 JOSE LUIS GONZALEZ ALCALA 20/08/2012

Evolution of the virus isolation

Checkpoints to movement verification of bird products

With the Federal Police and Mexican Army, the internal chek points were strenght in the area to avoid ilegal movement of bird products

19

Current situacion and vaccination Sanitary indicators Quantity

Farms sampled 657

Farms with virus isolation 44

Virus isolation in wild birds (black birds – zanates and swallow)

2

Procesed samples 92,804

Personel working on field 87

Zoosanitary certificates issued 18,753

Delivered vaccines in the first stage (august 20th) 88’327,000

Delivered vaccines in a second stage 51’658,000

Vaccines applied to date (08/octubre/2012) 128.58 million

Vaccine bank (dosis) 53 million

Depopulated birds because of the outbrake 11 million

Vaccination 1ª y 2ª stage

Purpouse Delivered vaccine

Breeders 1’420,025

Breeading 32’933,172

Development 9’742,070

Layer hens 95’388,920

Broilers 500,812

Total 139’985,000

October 17: 657 farms sampled in 42 municipalities 44 AIH7N3 positive farms and three wildlife bird (virus isolation). 613 negative farms. 100,406 samples have been collected and diagnosis test have been performed Depopulation: 22.3 million birds. Vaccination: 88.32 million doses (first application).

Updated situation

Municipality N° of farms

with isolation AH7N3

Total population Sick Dead Destroyed Purpouse

Acatic 7 2,437,488 922,006 205,975 2,437,488 Layer

Teocaltiche 6 263,486 17,854 3,000 263,486 Breeders

Tepatitlán de Morelos 24 4,781,939 1,932,997 968,180 4,367,539 Layer

Valle de Guadalupe 3 941,087 2,855 504 941,087 Layer

San Miguel el Alto 1 1,526,001 10 10 1,526,001 Layer

San Ignacio Cerro Gordo 1 477,930 1 0 477,930 Layer

Jalostotitlán 1 576,757 0 0 576,757 Layer

Encarnación De Díaz 1 405,611 0 0 405,611 Layer

44 11,410,299 2,875,723 1,177,669 10,995,899

Two cases in Tepatitlán, Jal. with wild birds: 3 virus isolation in black birds (zanates ) 1 virus isolation in a swallow

Viral isolations by municipality and type of production

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33 farms from 20 a 81 week old, 9 farms more than 80 week old

Avian Influenza AH7N3 active surveillance in México

Field operations personel is taking samples in the country to look for clinical signs or virus; SAGARPA/SENASICA laboratories have received 1,858 samples from farms and backyards coming from 28 states (including Jalisco), the sampling cover 253,162,276 birds and 131,948 have been analized.

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AGUASCALIENTES

BAJA CALIFORNIA

BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR

CHIAPAS

CHIHUAHUA

COAHUILA DE ZARAGOZA

COLIMA

DURANGO

GUANAJUATO

GUERRERO

HIDALGO

ESTADO DE MÉXICO

JALISCO

MICHOACAN DE OCAMPO

MORELOS

NAYARIT

NUEVO LEON

OAXACA

PUEBLA

QUERETARO DE ARTEAGA

QUINTANA ROO

SINALOA

SONORA

SAN LUIS POTOSÍ

TLAXCALA

VERACRUZ LLAVE

YUCATAN

ZACATECAS

67

1

1

52

4

162

13

278

27

4

32

27

649

25

38

21

25

3

139

58

1

30

9

63

2

90

24

13

1858 sampled farms

Eradication strategies

1)Active and passive surveillance in all states of Mexico 2)Quarantine in the affected zone. 3)Control in mobilization of poultry and poultry products 4) Increase in the biosecurity level of all farms 5)Notification of any suspected case (high mortality, less

production, birds with clinical signs)

Eradication strategies

1)Depopulation (stamping out) of positive farms, cleaning and disinfection

2)Official production and control of an AI vaccine (Low pathogenic virus)

3)Vaccination of the buffer zone 4)Specific strategies for risk communication 5)Surveillance in wild birds

Communication strategies

Communication strategies SENASICA has been doing the action as follow:

Elaboration of the master seed

Testing of the 2006 “duck” strain

Homology with field virus ≈ 90%

Partial sequences of H7 and N3 are in the GenBank (29/06/12) Access numbers: • JX293406 • JX293407

Elaboration of the pilot lot

3 concentrations (12, 16 and 20%) were prepared of a pilot lot of emergency vaccine from the working seed.

Potency tests

The results were satisfactory for the 20% concentration at 2 and 3 weeks post-vaccination.

• 90% protection in vaccinated animals against field virus. • 90% mortality in challenged controls.

With these results the decision was taken of using the 20% concentration for the industrial production of the emergency vaccine. The other two concentrations protected less than 80% against a challenge with HPAI field virus 14 days post-vaccination.

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Number of Birds Depopulated in the Jalisco Region and Restocking Perpectives

Number of laying hens already introduced :

9.4 millions

At the end of november repopulation in the area

will be reached, (90 millions of laying hens)

By the outbrake 11 millions

By desition of the producers

11.4 millions

Eliminated birds

30

Fecha de elaboración Firma del área que elabora 31

Current situation: table egg production

Reduction of the national flock was 15.5%. Between July and August , 2012 the table egg production decreased 10% (42,000 metric tons) compared with the same period in the previous year.

160,000

170,000

180,000

190,000

200,000

210,000

220,000

230,000

240,000

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Producción nacional de huevo para plato 2010-2013(toneladas)

Producción observada

Producción de no haberse presentado la contingencia

Producción con reposición de aves (4.5 mill/mes)

Inicio de la contingencia(22 jun 2012)

140 mil ton

National table egg production 2010-2013 (Metric tons.)

N° of Inspections/Detencions by checkponit in the Quarentine zone

PVI Inspected Rejected % ACATIC 1 596 19 3.2 ACATIC 2 241 4 1.7 ACATIC 3 346 6 1.7 ARANDAS 291 2 0.7 CERRO GORDO 171 26 15.2 LA VENTA ATOTONILCO 117 6 5.1

OJO DE AGUA 25 0 0.0 PEGUEROS 2169 30 1.4 SAN JOSÉ DE GRACIA 454 6 1.3 SAN JUAN - LAGOS 3105 54 1.7 TEOCALTICHE 267 4 1.5 TOTOTLAN 116 0 0.0 YAHUALICA 778 44 5.7

Totales 8,676 201 2.3 32

Table egg, liquid egg, liquid-pasteurized egg, pasteurized egg, fertile egg, dehidrated egg, industrial use egg, liquid yolk, Albumin, Shell, birds, compost, poultry, sausages, processed poultry, viscera, meat and bone meal, poultry fat, Poultry paste, hen and chicken feces, breaked egg .

Serology in Vaccinated Poultry Farms Titer for AI H7

2,886 samples

Granjas monitoreadas 87

(1:16) 1%

(1:32) 0%

(1:64) 1%

(1:128) 1% (1:256)

3% (1:512)

5%

(1:1024) 89%

(1:16)(1:32)(1:64)(1:128)(1:256)(1:512)(1:1024)

Sampled farms : 87

The One Health point of view:

•Meetings with Helth Minister to have cooperation and coordination at secretary level

•Regional meetings with local and state authorities to increase the active and passive surveillance on farm workers.

•Veterinary services suply masks, gloves and googles for workers when they were applying vaccine.

•Two cases of conjuctivitis were detected in farms and AH7N3 were isolated in Health labs and secuencied in veterinary labs.

ENERO FEBRERO MARZO ABRIL MAYO JUNIO JULIO AGOSTO SEPTIEMBREProductor Kg 16.63 15.73 14.72 13.76 11.51 13.99 16.57 21.98 24.64Autoservicio Kg 27.6 28.35 27.9 28.19 25.5 26.13 27.24 30.32 36.52Mercados Kg 23.38 21.54 22.77 20 16.4 21.07 24.95 31.54 31.9Abarrotes Kg 23.75 21.38 24.44 19.67 15.67 21.25 25.52 32 33.4

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Averages egg prices in 2012

35

Ten million USD is expected that consumers will pay in five months because of the incresed price

Value of imports 16.6 M USD

Total Impact of the AI H7N3

(Millions of USD)

54.1 108.3 216.5 324.8 433.0

867.6

1,301.3

25.7 51.3 102.6

154.0 205.3

411.3

616.9

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Baseintermedio

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Base factible(10m)

Impactopotencial

(15m)

Impacto alto(20m)

Impactocatastrófico

(40m)

Desapariciónindustria enAltos (60m)

Costo total indirecto (millones dedólares)Costo total directo (millones dedólares)

638 million US dollar