Date post: | 27-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | karilla-paristi |
View: | 202 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Hypnotherapy
Dr Mark Feldman
What Is Hypnosis ?
Altered state – not sleep Highway hypnosis Books and TV Exercise Day dreaming
Hynpnogogic and hypnopompic state
The Trance State Light hypnosis – 90%+
Eye closure Fluttering lids Stillness Breathing slows – diaphragmatic Features flatten Swallowing Smiling Bradycardia
The Trance State Medium hypnosis – 70%+
Head drops Eyelid catalepsy Flushing or pallor Responds to suggestions Feeling of lethargy, heaviness Some analgesia – dentistry , dressings IMR May feel as though in trance
The Trance State Deep hypnosis 20% – somnambulism
5% Amnesia
Anaesthesia
Direct logic ‘ can you tell me your name’
Out of body dissociation
+ve /-ve hallucinations
Trance with eyes open
Hypnotic Phenomenon Motor
IMR
Catalepsy
Automatic writing
Swallowing
REM
Hypnotic Phenomenon
Sensory Analgesia
Anaesthesia
Positive and negative hallucination
Memory Amnesia
Hypermnesia
Time Distortion – compress – elongate Regress Revivify Age progression
Post hypnotic suggestion Eliminate Install Ego Strengthening
Hypnotic Phenomenon
Hypnotic Phenomenon Miscellaneous
Autonomic control
Blood, sweat, tears
Dissociation
Uses of Hypnotherapy
Behavioural problems
Smoking
Weight loss
Eating disorders – bulimia, anorexia
Enuresis
Uses of Hypnotherapy Psychological problems
Anxiety Panic Phobias Insomnia Premature ejaculation Vaginismus
Uses of Hypnotherapy Psychosomatic disorders
Migraine
Hyperventilation
Stammering
Irritable bowel/bladder
Eczema
Uses of Hypnotherapy Pain control
Chronic
Acute
Terminal care
Obstetric
Dental
Uses of Hypnotherapy Other
Sports – motivational
Criminal investigation
Recovery of lost objects - memories
History of Hypnotherapy
3000BC – ancient Egyptians
Ancient Greeks Indian Sanskrits
Hindu fakirs Celtic druids
African witch doctors
Jesus’s miracles?
History of Hypnotherapy 1500 Paracelsus
Swiss doctor discovered mercury as cure for syphilis
Passed magnets over patient to effect cure
1600 Valentine Greatrakes The ‘ great Irish Stroker’ – again
stroked magnets to cure
History of Hypnotherapy
1725 Maximilian Hehl
Jesuit priest – using magnets to heal
Mesmer was his student
History of Hypnotherapy (1734-1815 )Franz
Anton Mesmer Father of hypnosis
Found could stop bleeding with a stick and therefore postulated ‘ animal magnetism’
History of Hypnotherapy Franz Anton Mesmer(contd)
‘De Planatorium influxu’ – magnetic fields pervade nature
Cured patient of paralysis and temporary blindness
Cured Maria Theresa Paradies – protégé of empress of blindness. Angering parents
Moved from Vienna to Paris Mozart was a fan
History of Hypnotherapy Franz Anton
Mesmer(cont) Developed the ‘baquet’
Asked Louis XVI for a
board of enquiry in 1784
Benjamin Franklin,
Guillotine, Lavoisier
Found all due to the
imagination !
History of Hypnotherapy 1727-1779 Father
Gassner Contempory of
Mesmer Suggestion as faith
healing 1787 Marquis de
Puysegur Student of Mesmer Magnetised elm trees Somnambulism
History of Hypnotherapy 1815 Abbe Jose Castodi de Faria
Fixed gaze method first to coin word ‘sleep’
History of Hypnotherapy 1791 John Elliotson
Professor at University London
Became interested via a student of Faria
1837 Surgery under hypnosis – angered other doctors as pain ‘ needed for healing’
Expelled from university hospital
History of Hypnotherapy 1795 – 1860 James
Braid Scottish surgeon coined
term ‘ hypnosis’ Developed suggestions
method Saw Mesmer and was
eventually convinced Changed term to ‘
monoidiesm’ ‘Nervous sleep’ acting
on subject whose suggestibility is increased’
History of Hypnotherapy 1808-1859 James
Esdaile
Scottish doctor
Reports in 1846 300
major operations
Reduced post op
mortality from 505%
History of Hypnotherapy 1864 Nancy school of Hypnosis
Liebeault – ‘ de la suggestion’
Bernheim
Freud studied here Initially enthusiastic – eventually
discounted hypnosis
History of Hypnotherapy 1878 Charcot –
school of Saltpierre Pathological theory
Stages of hypnosis Lethargy
Catalepsy
Somnambulism
History of Hypnotherapy Dave Elman
1950’s Stage Hypnotist Studied Hypnosis
for years Taught doctors
exclusively Quick inductions Deepening
techniques
History of Hypnotherapy 1929-1980 Milton Erickson
Indirect approach
Metaphor
Utilization
Theories of Trance Suggestion Theory
Bernheim 1886 – suggestions bypass concious mind
Modified Sleep Abbe Faria – a type of sleep BUT thought
would always amnesia Pathological Theory
Charcot – BUT 90% hypnotisable NOT equivalent to hysteria
Theories of Trance Dissociation
Janet ‘ splitting of consciousness into two’ BUT not always amnesia – can remove amnesia by suggestion
Neo Dissociation Some cognition continuous throughout
Psychoanlanalytic Freud – libidinal gratification Ferenczi – parent/child BUT mirrors
metronomes may hypnotise
Theories of Trance Conditioned response
Pavlov to word ‘ sleep’ BUT not sleep, metronomes, quick awakening
Role Playing R White – goal directed striving
Atavistic Regression Ainslie Meares to a primitive level –
primitive man accepted ideas by suggestion
Theories of Trance Neurophysiological
Barry Wyke – voice blocks other sensory input [like gate theory]
Hemispheric Specificity L verbal/voluntary/language speech R nonverbal/emotional/submissive/art
music/imagination Meszaros – induction L brain R brain
Suggestibility Tests
Magnetic fingers
Handclasp
Heavy and light hands
Postural sway
Chevreul’s pendulum
The Hypnotic Session
Introduction
Induction
Deepening
Posthypnotic suggestion
Awakening
The Hypnotic Session Introduction
Explanation of hypnosis Remove fears
Control issues Amnesia Reassurance Not trying
The Hypnotic Session Induction
Permissive Progressive relaxation Hand fixation Eye closure Candle flame Thumbnail
The Hypnotic Session Induction
Intermediate Vogts fractionation Hand levitation
Authoritative Eye to eye Mind body dissociation
The Hypnotic Session Induction
Other
Tactile
Rhythmic eye movement
Hand rotation
Post hypnotic
The Hypnotic Session Deepening
Balcony Early learning set ‘Now’ Countdown Limb catalepsy Hand levitation Minds eye Hand rotation
The Hypnotic Session Suggestions
Establish rapport Create expectancy
Will – not maybe never ‘try’ Law of concentrated attention
Repetition of something result Law of reversed effect
Try and bend your arm Law of dominant effect
Strong emotions replace weaker
The Hypnotic Session Suggestions
Positive – unconscious ignores negatives Positive reinforcement
Yes set Specific Multiple senses Implied – less directive Unambiguous
The Hypnotic Session Suggestions
Utilization Of patients world – interests ,
preferences, preferred modality – visual,kinaesthetic
Current experience – ‘ feel the chair’
The Hypnotic Session Types of suggestion
Implication When your hand begins to lift – NOT if Trance now or later
Truism Everybody knows how to…
Not knowing and not doing You don’t have to try to hard
The Hypnotic Session Types of suggestion
Covering all response – failsafes Your hand will be lighter or heavier
Questions Can you, do you, does, will it See , sense, feel
Contingent suggestions As your hand lowers so you find yourself
back in time
The Hypnotic Session Types of suggestion
Implied directive Time binding introduction Implied suggestion for internal response Behavioural response showing completed
As soon as your mind has identified when the problem developed your hand will float up
The Hypnotic Session Types of suggestion
Apposition of opposites As your arm becomes more rigid your
body becomes more relaxed Wet/dry tense/heavy difficult/easy
Interspersal of metaphors Own experience Truisms Tailored
The Hypnotic Session Types of suggestion
Symbolism and imagery Imagine what the pain looks like
Negatives - to discharge resistance You can - can you not You will - will you not
Double bind If you are ready to go into trance your R
hand will lift otherwise your L hand will lift
The Hypnotic Session Techniques to facilitate trance
Focus attention Enhance awareness of immediate experience Note and accept new aspects of the
experience Introducing immediate goal Repetition – reinforcing partial response Encourage dissociations and involuntary
response Build anticipation expectation
The Hypnotic Session Belief +Imagination + Conviction +
Expectation = Hypnosis [ Hunter]
Critical faculty is bypassed and selective
thinking established[Elman]