The Bombing of The Bombing of Hiroshima and Hiroshima and

NagasakiNagasaki

POTSDAM DECLARATIONPOTSDAM DECLARATION Called for Japan’s Called for Japan’s

unconditional unconditional surrender and an end surrender and an end to Militarism in Japan.to Militarism in Japan.

Issued on July 26, Issued on July 26, 1945 by Harry S. 1945 by Harry S. Truman.Truman.

If Japan did not If Japan did not surrender it would surrender it would face "prompt and face "prompt and utter destruction."utter destruction."

REASONS FOR A-BOMBING?REASONS FOR A-BOMBING?

Japan refused the DeclarationJapan refused the Declaration The USA did not want to invade JapanThe USA did not want to invade Japan They reasoned that using the A-bomb They reasoned that using the A-bomb

would deliver a huge blow to Japanwould deliver a huge blow to Japan This would save the lives of hundreds of This would save the lives of hundreds of

thousands of American troopsthousands of American troops US wanted to end the World War II with US wanted to end the World War II with

less American casualties.less American casualties. US wanted to test their two new bombsUS wanted to test their two new bombs

MANHATTAN PROJECTMANHATTAN PROJECT

A secret US project A secret US project to create first to create first atomic weapon.atomic weapon.

The bombs were The bombs were made of uranium made of uranium and plutonium and plutonium isotopes.isotopes.

CHOOSING TARGETSCHOOSING TARGETS There were four There were four

targets to choose targets to choose from: Hiroshima, from: Hiroshima, Kokura, Nagasaki, and Kokura, Nagasaki, and Niigata.Niigata.

Hiroshima and Hiroshima and Nagasaki were Nagasaki were selected because they selected because they were left mostly were left mostly untouched by war.untouched by war.

BOMBING ON HIROSHIMABOMBING ON HIROSHIMA

Hiroshima was the Hiroshima was the primary target on primary target on August 6, 1945.August 6, 1945.

B-29 B-29 ENOLA GAYENOLA GAY, ,

followed by two followed by two other B-29s. Great other B-29s. Great Artiste and Artiste and Necessary Evil.Necessary Evil.

On August 6, 1945, Paul W. Tibbets and his crew On August 6, 1945, Paul W. Tibbets and his crew dropped the Uranium-based Atomic bomb on dropped the Uranium-based Atomic bomb on Hiroshima.Hiroshima.

The Gun-like bomb was code named “Little Boy.”The Gun-like bomb was code named “Little Boy.” 60 kg of Uranium-235 = 13 Kilotons of TNT60 kg of Uranium-235 = 13 Kilotons of TNT

AftermathAftermath

The last killed The last killed approx. 70,000 approx. 70,000 people in Hiroshima.people in Hiroshima.

By the end of 1945 By the end of 1945 90,000-166,000 90,000-166,000 people died of people died of related diseasesrelated diseases

1950-2000, 46% of 1950-2000, 46% of leukemia deaths and leukemia deaths and 11% of solid cancer 11% of solid cancer deaths among bomb deaths among bomb survivors were due to survivors were due to radiation from the radiation from the bombs.bombs.

BEFOREBEFORE

AFTERAFTER

JAPAN STILL DID NOT JAPAN STILL DID NOT REACT TO POTSDAM REACT TO POTSDAM

DECLARATIONDECLARATION

““The world will note that the first atomic The world will note that the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, a military bomb was dropped on Hiroshima, a military base. We won the race of discovery against base. We won the race of discovery against the Germans. the Germans.   We have used it in order to We have used it in order to shorten the agony of war, in order to save shorten the agony of war, in order to save the lives of thousands and thousands of the lives of thousands and thousands of young Americans. We shall continue to use young Americans. We shall continue to use it until we completely destroy Japan's it until we completely destroy Japan's power to make war.”power to make war.”

- President Harry S. Truman- President Harry S. Truman

BOMBINGBOMBING

On the morning of On the morning of August 9, 1945, the August 9, 1945, the U.S. B-29 U.S. B-29 Superfortress Superfortress 

BockscarBockscar, flown by , flown by the Major Charles the Major Charles W. Sweeney and his W. Sweeney and his crew.crew.

Bomb Code name:Bomb Code name:

““FAT MAN”FAT MAN”

6.4kg plutonium-239=21 Kilotons of TNT6.4kg plutonium-239=21 Kilotons of TNT

AftermathAftermath

The death toll (of The death toll (of all related deaths) all related deaths) was about 135,000was about 135,000

Japan surrendered Japan surrendered to the Allied to the Allied Powers on August Powers on August 14, 1945.14, 1945.

Emperor Hirohito Emperor Hirohito accepted the accepted the Potsdam Potsdam DeclarationDeclaration

The EndThe End