HISPANIABy Brian Guymon

Timeline of Hispania 1st Millennium BCE – First Indo- European speakers enter Iberian

peninsula 7th CenturyBCE – Phoenician development around city of Tartessos (South

Peninsula) which was rich and metals and good for trade 236 BCE - Carthaginian General Hamilcar Barca invades Iderian Peninsula 210 BCE - Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus with 10,000 Roman troops

enters Iberia 197 BCE – Roman provincial administration. Gaius Sempronis Tuditanus

divides the peninsula into Hispania Ulterior and Hispania Criterior 19 BCE - Augustus completes conquest of Hispania in Cantabrian Wars 409 CE – 718 CE – Rome loses jurisdiction of Hispania, though legions still

on guard in area. Iberian peninsula controlled by German Visigoths 552 CE – Byzantine Empire takes control of Hispania (Spania) for a short

period under Roman Emperor Justinian I 718 CE – 1031 CE – Moorish Hispania. Muslims from Northern Africa

invade and rule 1492 CE - Reqonquista (Christian conquest of Hispania from the Moors)

Forms several Christian Kingdoms most of which merged into the single country of Spain

Before Rome The Phoenicians

Western Coast Traded Silver, Copper, and Tin

The Celts From Central Europe, settled in the West and

Central peninsula Farmers and Herders Merged with indigenous people to form the

Celtiberians The Greeks

Several colonies on Mediterranean coast

Carthage in Hispania First Punic War

Carthage loses Spain so rebuilds commercial empire in Iberia

Hamilcar Barca Originally used area

commercially Trade of silver, salt, fish, olive

oil, wine Now wanted military presence Culture was very much

influenced by Carthage Mostly used for trade and

military Hannibal comes to power

Second Punic War Carthage loses Iberia to Rome in

peace treaty in 201 BCE Roman jurisdiction begins

Roman Conquest

197 BCE, Iberian peninsula is broken up into two regions Each governed by two biannual proconsuls Hispania Citerior to the North with capitol at Tarraco Hispania Ulterior to the South with capitol at

Cordoba Site of many rebellions by native Iberians but were

controlled by consul Marcus Cato Defeated rebels and sold many into slavery Brought back gold, silver, and coins to Roman Senate

from Iberian tribes

The Next Steps 189 BCE Rome

expands to the area of Lisitania

179 BCE Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus defeats Celtic tribes in Central peninsula

Finally, nearly entire peninsula is under Roman control after Augustus wins Cantabrian Wars

Politics, Culture, Economy Now split into three regions: Baetica,

Lusitania, and Tarraconesis Each of the three regions was governed

by a proconsul Some people of the Iberian peninsula helped

govern Still aristocratic tribes

Much of Hispania had become Romanized Adopted language, entertainment, and most

importantly religion

Tajan Hadrian

Economy Large economic expansion under Roman

rule Hispania provided grain Agricultural production increased with new

irrigation systems Most importantly though metal

Gold, tin, silver, lead

After Roman Rule 476 CE Collapse of Western Roman Empire 585 CE Germanic group Visigoths take over

Further spread Christianity throughout peninsula Eastern Emperor Justinian I

Invasions of the Moors: Muslim group from North Africa Peninsula divided between Christians and

Muslims though collectively now referred to as Spain

Reconquista Christians taking back peninsula from the Moors

Why you should come to Hispania

Great economic opportunities Farming Precious Metals

Relative stability under Roman rule for 400 years

Rich in culture Entertainment Baths

Very Romanized