Philippine History

CHALLENGES TO SPANISH AUTHORITY

(1560-1820S)

Portuguese and Dutch

Threats

During the Spanish colonial period in

the Philippines, the Filipinos dreamed to

achieve independence from the harsh Spanish rule at

that time.

The Filipinos began to fight the Spaniards the moment they settled

permanently in 1565 and

continued this resistance to

the end of their rule in

1898. 

The Philippine Revolt patterns

must be treated

holistically and not separately.

OVERVIEW

PORTUGUESE THREATS TO

SPANISH RULE

 General Gonzalo Pereira in 1566 & 1568 asked Legazpi to leave.

The Portuguese blockaded Cebu and bombarded the Spanish settlement (1570)

They failed to dislodged their rivals.

The incursions ceased only when Portugal became part of the Spanish Empire. (1580)

PORTUGUESE THREATS TO SPANISH RULE

They revolted against Spain and proclaimed independence in 1579. Spain refused to recognize Dutch independence.

Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 – led to the recognition of the Dutch independence.

1597– First Battle of Mariveles1610- Second battle of Mariveles1617- Battle of Playa Honda1647- Dutch’s last attack against the

Spanish. - They were finally driven off.

DUTCH THREATS

Revolts are categorized into three

Personal Motives

Abuses of the

Spaniards

Political Motives

Desire to regain the lost freedom of their

ancestors

Religious Motives

Religious intoleran

ce of Spanish

authorities

EARLY REVOLTS

Uprising/Revolt

DATE PLACE CAUSE LEADER RESULT

Lakandula 1574 Tondo, Navotas

Failure of Gov. Lavezares to fulfill Legazpi’s promise to Lakandula

Lakandula Failed

Pampanga

1585 Pampanga Abuse of Spanish Encomien-deros

Failed.A woman betrayed a revolt.

Tondo 1587-1588 Tondo,Cuyo,Calamianes

Desire for indepen-dence

Magat Salamat,Agustin de Legazpi, Juan Banal & Pedro Balingit

Failed a spy reported to Spanish authorities about the their plan. Leaders were executed.

Uprising/Revolt

DATE PLACE CAUSE LEADER RESULT

Magalat  1596 Cagayan Abuses of the Tribute Collectors

Failed ( Hired assassins killed the Magalat. )

Ladia 1643 Malolos, Bulacan and Southern Luzon

Weariness from Spanish oppression 

Pedro Ladia Failed (leader was captured)

Pangasinan / Malong

1660- 1661 Binalato-ngan, Pangasinan

Quarrel between Fr. Gorospe and Malong

 Andres Malong and Pedro Gumpaos

Failed

Uprising/Revolt

DATE PLACE CAUSE LEADER RESULT

Visayan/ Sumuroy 

1649- 1650 Eastern Visayas, Northern Mindanao, Zamboanga 

Caused by Gov. Fajardo’s order to send Visayan laborers to Cavite for shipbuilding

Juan Ponce SumoUroy and Pedro Caamug

Failed ( Leaders were captured and were beheaded. )

Pampanga

1585  Pampanga  Abuses of Spanish Encomienderos 

Failed ( A woman betrayed the revolt. )

Cagayan- Ilocos

1589 Cagayan, Ilocos Norte 

Refusal to pay tributes, tyranny of tribute collectors

Failed ( easily suppressed )

Uprising/Revolt

DATE PLACE CAUSE LEADER RESULT

Igorot 1601 Northern Luzon

Desire to maintain their old religion 

Failed

Caraga 1629- 1631 

Caraga, Northern Mindanao

Dissatisfac-tion of townspeople to Spanish rule 

Failed

Dagohoy 1744-1828 Bohol Refusal of Fr. Morales to give Dagohoy’s brother a Christian burial

Silang   1762- 1763 

Ilocos   Desire to expel the Spaniards from Ilocos

Diego silang and Gabriela Silang

Failed ( Diego was assasinated )

WHY ALL THESE REVOLTS FAILED?

The Spaniards possessed superior weapons and were able to employ native volunteers and mercenary soldiers.

Lack of unity

Lukewarm spirit of nationalism among Filipinos

Inadequate training and preparation for warfare

The absence of a national leader

WHY ALL THESE REVOLTS FAILED?

MORO RESISTANCE

Most united groups were the Muslims.

Continuous military expeditions by the Spaniards failed to subdue them. They fought back by raiding the coastal towns under Spain.Moro Wars in the South is

the longest, bloodiest, most frustrating attempt

by the Spaniards to colonize the Southern

Islands of Mindanao

It remained unconquered & unconverted until the

end of Spanish rule.

Fierce resistance of the people of the mountain or the “taong bundok”

PROCESS: Expensive and frustrating for the Spaniards but also very dangerous.

Ancient beliefs and way of life are less exposed to the outside world which made them more resistant to the colonization whether Spanish or even later incursions of other colonizers.

RESISTANCE IN THE INTERIOR AND MOUNTAINOUS PARTS

THANK YOU!