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1 | P a g e REPRODUCTION / PROCREATION : The most important of the biological processes that living things undertake because it ensured preservation of species. ‐ Requires the gametes (germ cells) of the male and the female to form a zygote (fertilized ovum). SPERM CELL (spermatozoon) : male gamete EGG CELL (ovum): female gamete GAMETES: The only unique cells in that they are haploid (other cells are diploid). HAPLOID: possess only 23 chromosomes DIPLOID: contain 46 chromosomes FERTILIZATION: A process wherein a sperm cell and an ovum unite. The resulting cell in the process ( zygote) is DIPLOID because it inherits all the chromosomes in both gametes. EMBRYO: The developing human individual from the time of implantation to the end of the 8th week after fertilization. FETUS: The developing human individual from the end of the 8th week after fertilization until birth. Sperm cell (23n) + Ovum (23n) Zygote (46n) (fertilization) (mitosis) Fetus Embryo REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: o Responsible for gametogenesis Spermatogenesis: production of male gametes ( spermatozoon or sperm cell ) Oogenesis: production of female gametes (ovum or egg cell) o Also produce the hormones that account for the anatomic and physiological differences between the sexes o Male reproductive system: provides for a means for the male gametes to be deposited into the female genital tract o Female reproductive system: provides the appropriate milieu for a successful pregnancy MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: o components: 1. testes 2. duct system of each testis 3. copulatory organ (penis) 4. accessory glands. FIRST COMPONENT OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM - TESTES TESTES: They are organs that produce the male gametes ( spermatozoa or sperm cells ) and the male hormone (testosterone). SCROTUM: A sac under the penis that is made up of skin and subcutaneous tissue. It encloses the testes. TUNICA ALBUGINEA: A tough fibrous capsule of the testis that is made up dense irregular connective tissue. MEDIASTINUM TESTIS: Thickened portion at the posterior surface of Tunica Albuginea. ‐ It is where blood and lymphatic vessels enter and/or exit, and the ductuli efferentes (segments of the testicular duct system) leave, the testis. ‐ Where the tunica albuginea sends connective tissue septa called septulae testis into the substance of the testis that divides the organ, although incompletely, into lobules (lobuli testis). LOBULI TESTIS: About 250/testis. Each contains 1-4 seminiferous tubules. SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES: highly-coiled tubes that occupies the greater part of each testicular lobule. Also, it is where the male gametes, spermatozoa or sperm cells , are produced by a process called spermatogenesis. SUBJECT: ANATOMY TOPIC: MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM (HISTOLOGY) LECTURER: DR. EDUARDO GONZALES DATE: December 9, 2010
