Neurohypophysis:Neurohypophysis:
-- MedianMedianeminenceeminence
-- InfundibulumInfundibulum
-- Pars nervosaPars nervosa
hypophysishypophysis
hypothalamushypothalamus
AdenoAdeno--hypophysis:hypophysis:
-- ParsParstuberalistuberalis
-- ParsParsintermediaintermedia
-- ParsParsdistalisdistalis
anterioranterior posteriorposterior
Parts of the hypophysis:Parts of the hypophysis:
Slide 67, hypophysis
Plane of cutting:Plane of cutting:horizontalhorizontal
Staining method: hematoxylinStaining method: hematoxylin--eosineosin
Slide 67, hypophysis, H&E, 4x
Neurohypophysis:Neurohypophysis:pars nervosapars nervosa
Adenohypophysis:Adenohypophysis:pars intermediapars intermedia
Adenohypophysis:Adenohypophysis:pars distalispars distalis
Slide 67, hypophysis pars nervosa, H&E, 40x
capillariescapillaries(fenestrated(fenestratedendothelium)endothelium)
pituicytespituicytes
endothelialendothelialcellcell
axons(hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract)
Slide 67, hypophysis pars intermedia, H&E, 40x
cyst filled with colloidcyst filled with colloid
simple cuboidal epitheliumsimple cuboidal epithelium
The cell types of the adenohypophysis
Hormonesecreted
Cell type
Staining (H&E)
IL-6FSHLHTSHACTH
MSHLTHGH
212121
basophilacidophil
chromo-phobe
chromophil
Slide 67, hypophysis pars distalis, H&E, 40x
acidophil cellsacidophil cellsbasophil cellsbasophil cells
chromophobe cellchromophobe cell
To identify the parts of the hypophysisand the structures listed:
Pars nervosa: capillaries, pituicytesPars intermedia: cysts filled with colloidPars distalis: chromophobe, acidophil, basophil cells
Magnocellular nuclei:Magnocellular nuclei:Hormone secreted:Hormone secreted:
oxytocin, vasopressinoxytocin, vasopressinAxon terminals:Axon terminals:
pars nervosapars nervosaE.g.:E.g.:nucl. paraventricularisnucl. paraventricularisnucl. supraopticusnucl. supraopticus
Parvocellular nuclei:Parvocellular nuclei:Hormone secreted:Hormone secreted:
releasing / inhibitingreleasing / inhibitinghormoneshormones(pl. CRF, TRH)(pl. CRF, TRH)
Axon terminals:Axon terminals:infundibuluminfundibulum
E.g.:E.g.:nucl. arcuatusnucl. arcuatus
The hypothalamoThe hypothalamo--hypophyseal systemhypophyseal system
Slide 85, hypothalamus:magnocellular nuclei
Staining method:oxytocin immunocyto-chemistry
cerebellum
brainstem
cerebrumOrigin of the section: rat brain
Plane ofcutting:frontal
nucl. paraventricularis
nucl. supraopticus
Cortex cerebri
hypothalamus
nucl. paraventricularis
nucl. supraopticus
axons(hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract)
optic tract
3rdventricle
Slide 85, hypothalamus, oxytocin immunocytochemistry, 4x
Slide 85, nucl. supraopticus, oxytocin immunocytochemistry, 40x
To identify the magnocellular nuclei of the hypothalamus
The histology of the thyroid gland
Follicles:Follicular epithelium:- simple cuboidal- follicular epithelial cells (thyreocytes)-Microvilli on the apical surface- endodermal origin- triiodothyronine (T3) / thyroxin (T4)Parafollicular (C) cells:
- Between the follicles,bellow the follicular cells- Ectodermal origin- calcitonin
capillaries
Slide 68, thyroid gland, H&E, 4x
connective tissue septum
follicles
Slide 68, thyroid gland, H&E, 40x
folliclefollicularepithelialcells
colloid(thyroglobulin)
capillary
The synthesis of thyroglobulincolloid
The uptake of circulating iodide: 30-40x concentration colloid
Iodination of tyrosine residues in the colloid: on the surface of the microvilli
Colloid pinocytosis
Pinocytotic vesicles fusion with lysosomes cleavage of active hormones
T3 / T4 capillaries
The synthesis of hormones by the follicular cells
Synthesis colloid pinocytosis
roughendoplasmicreticulum iodide capillary
To identify the follicles of the thyroid gland
To examine the follicular epithelium