stroma+ parenchyma

capsulesfibrous capsule

adipous capsule

renal fascia

stroma: capsule+interstitium

parenchyma: nephrons and collecting ducts

structural and functional unit

1 million/kidney

organization:renal corpuscle

Bowman s capsule (parietal layer- simple squamous epithelium, viscerallayer- podocytes)

glomerulus (fenestrated arterial capillary, afferent and efferent arteriole)

renal tubuleproximal tubule

loop og Henle (thin and thick limb)

distal tubule

reunient tubule

renal tubules

renalcorpuscleMalpighi

papillary duct

collecting tubules

NEPHRON

UNIT OF THE URINARY SYSTEM

columnarepithel

cuboidaland

columnarepithel

simplecuboidal

reunient tubule

pars convolutasimple

cuboidal

pars rectadistaltubule

simplesquamous

intermedial tubule

ansanephroni/ Henle s

loop

pars recta

simplecuboidal

epitheliumwith

microvilli

pars convolutaproximaltubule

podocyte, simple

squamousepithelium

capsula glomeruli / Bowman s capsule: visceral layer + parietal layer

endothelglomerulus / rete mirabile

EPITHEL

RENAL CORPUSCLERENAL CORPUSCLEMalpighiMalpighi

etetApparatusApparatus

juxtaglomerularisjuxtaglomerularis

macula densa

distal tubule

afferent arteriole

proximal tubule

GLOMERULUSpodocyte

Bowman s capsule: parietallayer

Bowman s space

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

transmitting signs ( from macula densa, adrenerg nerve ends),

catabolism of AT-II. (angiotensinase-II.)

Na+ - osmoreceptor,NOS NO vasodilation

renin secretion AT-II. RR

(stimulus for secretion: RR , Na+ , 1-rec. adrenerg stimulation),

NOS NO vasodilation

FUNCTION: 1. autoregulation of kidney

circulation2. regulation of blood pressure

vascular pole3. Extraglomerular

mesangial cells

pars convolutatubuli dist. lying tothe vascular pole

2. Macula densa(distal tubule, modified, dens

cells with microvilli)

tunica media of theafferent arteriole

1. Juxtaglomerularcells

(granular myoepithel cells)

LocalisationComponents

AT-II. = angiotenzin-II., RR = blood pressure, NOS = nitrogen-monoxide synthase, NO = nitrogen-monoxide

ProximalProximal vsvs. . DistalDistal TubuleTubule

noYESkefeszegélymicrovilli

fewnoIntercalar cells

yesyespresence of basalstriation

low,mild acidophilia

high, acidophilia

size of the cuboidcell, staining

more cell,Wide, round lumen

few cell, narrow lumen

characteristics

distaltubule

proximaltubule

ProximalProximal tubuletubule vsvs. . DistalDistal tubuletubule

DistalDistal tubuletubule vsvs. . CollectingCollecting tubuletubule

YESnoPresence of vasa

recta

1 belongs to more nephrons

1 belongs to onenephron

Reunienttubule

long,deep to the renal papillashort

Henle s loop

20%80%Occurence

Corpusculum renalejuxtamedullarelong loop nephron

Corpusculum renalecorticale

short loop nephron

tunica mucosaepithelium mucosae: urothelium/transitional epitheliumlamina propria mucosae: thick, loose connective tissue + bloodvessels and nerves elongated folds cross section: star-shaped lumen

tunica muscularisinner elongatedouter spiral smooth muscle

tunica adventitia (connective tissue, blood and lymphvessels, nerves)

lumen (star shaped)

Stratum circulare

Tunicaadventitia

Stratumlongitudinale

Lamina propriamucosae

Urothelium

Tunicamuscularis

epithelium mucosae = urothelium

lamina propria

mucosae

tunica mucosalamina epithelialis mucosae: urotheliumlamina propria: thinlamina muscularis mucosae

tunica submucosa: connective tissue + elastic fibers + nerves + blood and lymph vesselstunica muscularis

inner longitudinalmiddle cirular m. sphincter vesicaeouter longitudinal m. detrusor urinae

+ vegetative plexus with ganglion cells+ blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

tunica subserosa et tunica serosatunica adventitia

lumen

urothelium

Tunicamuscularis

lamina propria mucosae

Tunica submucosa

lamina muscularismucosae

lamina epithelialismucosae = urothelium

superficialcells

lamina propria mucosae

superficialcellspolygonal cells

columnar basalcells

lamina propria mucosae

lamina propria mucosae

urothelium

superficialcells

polygonalcells

columnarbasalcells