Historical Perspective

Immunity - state of protection from an infectious disease.430 BC – Greek historian Thucydides - Athenian plague

15th century – Chinese attempts to induce immunity

1718 – Mary Wortley Montagu – innoculated her children

1798 – Edward Jenner – milkmaids and cowpox/smallpox

Historical Perspective

early 1880’s – Cholera and chickens

Attenuation hypothesis

1881 – Testing the hypothesis with anthrax and sheep

1885 – Rabies vaccine

Louis Pasteur

Historical Perspective1890 - Behring and Kitasato – link serum to immunity

1883 – Metchnikoff – links cells (phagocytes) to immunity

early 1900’s – many functions of immune serum

1930’s – Kabat - immunoglobulin/antibodies

1950’s – Glick – two types of lymphocytes

Historical Perspective

1900 – Paul Ehrlich – Selective theory

1950’s – Jerne, Talmadge and Burnet – clonal selection theory

Historical Perspective

Infection and Immunitypathogens – organisms causing disease

pathogenesis – the means by which disease-causing organisms attach a host.

Innate and Adaptive Immunity

Innate

1st line of defense

Non-specific mechanisms

Phagocytes and recognition molecules

Adaptive

2nd line of defense

Highly specific mechanisms

Lymphocytes, antigen specific

receptors, antibodies

Immune Dysfunction

Allergies and asthma

Autoimmune disease

Immunodeficiency