HISTORY
OF JOURNALISM
BIRTH of journalism
• History of JOURNALISM=history of TECHNOLOGY
• Every society spreads news…• Story of Marathon (490 B.C.)• Wandering minstrels (middle ages 400’s-1400’s)
1400’s
• Printing press (around 1440)– Gutenberg (Johann)
1500’s
• CENSORSHIP!– Henry VIII• List of prohibited books• Forced printers to obtain licenses• Arrests for sedition (rebelling against authority)• “unfitting worddes”
1600’s
• 1610 – First weekly newspapers– Cologne and Vienna
• 1644 – John Milton (poet) pleas for free speech (Areopagitica)– US later modeled free press rights after this
• 1690 - First American newspaper starts/fails– Boston Publick Occurrences
1700’s
• 1704 – First successful American newspaper• The Boston News-Letter
• 1729 – BEN FRANKLIN Pennsylvania Gazette• Bold! Best paper!
• Postriders (throughout 1700’s) delivered news• 1735 – Freedom of the press– John Paul Zenger – libel (NY Governor) acquitted!
• 1765 – Stamp Act! – Raised prices 50%...repealed after violent protest– (Boston Tea Party 1773, Tea act 1773)
1700’s continued…
• 1776—Declaration of Independence printed in more than 20 colonial newspapers
• 1783—First DAILY U.S. newspaper• 1791—BILL OF RIGHTS!
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
1800’s
• 1825 – First cylinder press!
1830’s
• Homing pigeons!
(500 mpd)• Pony Express!
1840’s
• Telegraph!– Long-distance reporting
• Fredrick Douglass– The North Star– Fighting slavery
1850’s
• NEW YORK TIMES
1860-1870’s
• HUNDREDS of reporters cover a big event– What was it?– Civil War!
• First (practical) typewriter invented• 1876– What was invented?– Telephone!
1880-90’s
• First PHOTOGRAPH
• First bylines• YELLOW
Journalism– HEARST– PULITZER– WAR with
Spain
1900’s
• Early 1900’s--Mudrackers! Expose injustice! Write for REFORM!
• 1920 – First regular RADIO SCHEDULE!
• 1934 – ASSOCIATED PRESS (photos)• 1939 – Commercial TELEVISION• 1963 – Kennedy assassination watched by 96%
of people who had TVs.
1900’s cont.
• 1945 – 2,000 Americans owned televisions• 1960 – 90% of American homes had TV• Late 1960’s – Anti-war UNDERGROUND
newspapers!• 1974 – Nixon brought down by investigative
reporting.• 1976 – Apple II (home computer)• 1976 – Nintendo!
1900’s cont.
• 1980 – Ted Turner– CNN! First 24-hour news channel
• 1982 – USA Today– SHOCKING!– Short– Colorful
• 1990’s – Internet wires the planet!
What’s next?
• WikiLeaks• Wikipedia• Print newspapers are dwindling• On-line news sources– Photos– Videos– Links– Interactive
YOUR TASK!
• Make a timeline!• Include 10 key events in the history of
journalism.• Be creative!• Work alone or with a partner.• Make it memorable! • Suggestions: Inspiration…string and paper…
PowerPoint…Timeglider.com…Comic Life…