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History Alive Slide Lecture Slides
The Brooklyn Bridge in New York City, 1883
Andrew Carnegie
Industry Key Person Significant Facts
Steel Andrew Carnegie
•1883-Brooklyn Bridge < symbol of American transition
• Bessemer process < turn iron into steel• Skyscrapers
Pioneer Run, Pennsylvania
John D. Rockefeller
Industry Key Person Significant Facts
Oil John D. Rockefeller
• Standard Oil• 1st successful oil well drilled in 1859
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Industry Key Person Significant Facts
Railroad Cornelius Vanderbilt
• American Railway Assoc. divided the nation into 4 time zones
“Captains of Industry” vs.
“Robber barons” – controlled the major industries of the
nation and much of American Society
Social Darwinism – “survival of the fittest”• preserved the strong in society and
weeded out the weak• relieved any unwelcome guilt they may
have felt about poverty in society
Gospel of Wealth – God’s chosen
• for those who found Social Darwinism distasteful
• religious rationale for wealth• Carnegie took this one step further by
saying that society’s fittest had both the talent and responsibility for deciding what was best for society.
Laissez –faire economics – “to let one do”
• government’s proper role was to leave the economy alone
• government interference would disrupt the natural forces at work in the economy