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HISTORYAND
DEVELOPMENT
COMPUTERSOF
BMIS 111 : Introduction to Computer
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EVOLUTIONOF
DIFFERENT
DEVICESCOMPUTING
BMIS 111 :Introduction to Computer
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H I S T O R Y O F C O M P U T E R SDifferent Calculating Devices
ABACUS (12th Century A.D.) Ancient Chinese
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NAPIER BONES John NapierDifferent Calculating Devices
H I S T O R Y O F C O M P U T E R S
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SLIDE RULE William OughtredDifferent Calculating Devices
H I S T O R Y O F C O M P U T E R S
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PASCALINE (1642) Blaise PascalDifferent Calculating Devices
H I S T O R Y O F C O M P U T E R S
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LEIBNITZS CALCULATOR (1694) GV LeibnitzDifferent Calculating Devices
H I S T O R Y O F C O M P U T E R S
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JACQUARD LOOM (1801) Joseph Marie JacquardDifferent Calculating Devices
H I S T O R Y O F C O M P U T E R S
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Different Calculating DevicesH I S T O R Y O F C O M P U T E R SARITHMOMETER (1820) Charles Xavier Thomas
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DIFFERENCE ENGINE (1842) Charles BabbageDifferent Calculating Devices
H I S T O R Y O F C O M P U T E R S
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ANALYTICAL ENGINE (1833 / 1871)- Charles BabbageDifferent Calculating Devices
H I S T O R Y O F C O M P U T E R S
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Different Calculating DevicesH I S T O R Y O F C O M P U T E R SThe Concept of Programming Language (1816 1852) Lady Ada Augusta Lovelace
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ATANASOFF - BERRY COMPUTER (1942) John Vincent Atanasoff & Clifford Berry
Different Calculating DevicesH I S T O R Y O F C O M P U T E R S
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STORED PROGRAM CONCEPT (Mid 1940s) John Von Neumann
Different Calculating DevicesH I S T O R Y O F C O M P U T E R S
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BMIS 111 : Introduction to Computer
DEVELOPMENTIN
ELECTRONIC
DEVICESDATA PROCESSING
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DEVT OF ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSINGMARK I
- developed under the supervision ofHoward G. Aiken in 1944
- official name was Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator
- approximately 50 feet long and 8 feet high
- consisted of some 700,000 moving parts
and several hundred miles of wiring
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ENIAC
DEVT OF ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING
- developed under the direction ofPresper Eckert Jr.and John Mauchly in 1943 - 1946
- acronym for Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator
- it is consisted of over 18, 000 vacuum tubes
- required the manual setting of switches to achieve desired results.
- it could perform 300 multiplications per second.
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EDVAC
DEVT OF ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING
- modified version of ENIAC developed by John Von Neumann in 1946
- official name was Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
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EDSAC
DEVT OF ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING
- developed by an Englishman in 1949 at Cambridge University
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GENERATIONSOF
COMPUTERSYSTEM
BMIS 111 : Introduction to Computer
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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERFirst Generation
Howard G. Aiken, in conjunction with IBM, developed theMARK I in 1944
Grace Hopper developed the COBOL
(Common Business Language)
to program the MARK I
ENIAC was developed under the agreement of US govt
and University of Pennsylvania
Adele Goldstein programmed the ENIAC
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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERFirst Generation
UNIVAC (UNIVersal Automatic Computer) was inventedby Eckert, Mauchly and Neumann
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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERFirst Generation
The programming language used to program these first
generation computers was calledmachine language
because instructions were a series of zeroes and ones.
Its main improvement over older designs was its memoryunit that temporarily stored programs and data.
Computers built in First Generation are designed using
vacuum tubes
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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERSecond Generation
Transistor was invented in 1956 by William Shockly,John Barden, and Walter Brattain
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Transistors were electronic components that functionedthe same way as vacuum tubes used in computers but
transistors were much smaller, reliable and they consumed
significantly lesser electricity.
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERSecond Generation
Computers built using transistors were much moredependable, easier to maintain and cheaper to operate
Programming Language used was called assembly language
which used abbreviations to represent machine language
operating instructions.
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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERThird Generation
Integrated Circuits (IC) were invented
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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERThird Generation
These were a collection of electronic components etchedonto a silicon wafer with all the connections necessary
An IC is equivalent to thousands of transistors or vacuum
tubes connected to one another
Computers made with ICs were much faster, lighter andsmaller, and they consumed even much less electricity
Programming Language used to program the Third
Generation Computers was calledhigh-level Language
Two High-Level Languages introduced during this time
1. FORTRAN (FORmula TRANSlator) used in engineering
and scientific calculations
2. COBOL (Common Business Language) used in business
applications
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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERFourth Generation
In 1971, the first electronic computers were introduced thatusedLarge Scale Integration (LSI) circuits
LSI circuit composed of thousands of integrated circuits on
a chip, for main memory and logic circuitry (the circuitry
that performs the logical operations of the CPU Microprocessors are several integrated circuits put together
in a wafer of silicon
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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERFourth Generation
Computers that use microprocessors as their driving enginesare appropriately calledmicrocomputers
LSI and microprocessor enabled the development of
mainframe computers and supercomputers
Two computer manufacturers that developed mainframes:IBM and DEC (Digital Electronic Corporation).
One of the most popular supercomputer companies is
Cray Research owned and operated by Symour Cray
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GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERFifth Generation
develop new superconductors that can conduct electricitywith no resistance, thus generating no heat but great speed
Parallel processing means that many processors will work
on a problem at the same time
development ofArtificial Intelligence (AI)
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TYPESOF
COMPUTERSYSTEM
BMIS 111 : Introduction to Computer
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T Y P E S O F C O M P U T E R S Y S T E MSUPER COMPUTER
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MAINFRAME COMPUTER
T Y P E S O F C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M
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MAINFRAME COMPUTER
T Y P E S O F C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M
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MINI COMPUTER
T Y P E S O F C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M
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MICRO COMPUTER
T Y P E S O F C O M P U T E R S Y S T E M
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T h e E n d