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History of AmericanFarm Technology
16th- 18th Centuries
• 18th. Century• Oxen and horses for
power,• Crude wooden plows,
all sowing by hand, cultivating by hoe,
• Hay and grain cutting with sickle, and threshing with flail
1776-99
• 1790’s- Cradle and scythe introduced.
• 1793-Invention of cotton gin.
• 1794-Thomas Jefferson’s moldboard
tested.• 1797-Charles
Newbold patented first cast-iron plow.
Cotton Gin.
The scythe
1800-1829
• 1819-Jethro Wood patented iron plow with interchangeable parts.
• 1819-25-U.S. Food canning industry established.
1830’s
• 1830-About 250-300 labor hours required to produce 100 bushels (5 acres) of wheat.
1830’s
• 1834 – McCormick reaper patented.
• 1834-McCormick reaper patented.
• John Lane began to manufacture plows faced with steel saw blades. The McCormick
Reaper.
1830’s
• 1837-John Deere and Leonard Andrus began manufacturing steel plows.
• Practical threshing machine patented
John Deere
1840’s
• 1840’s-The growing use of factory-made agricultural machinery increased farmers’ need for cash and encouraged commercial farming.
1840’s
• 1841-Practical grain drill patented.
• 1842-First grain elevator, Buffalo, NY
• 1844-Practical mowing machine patented
• 1847-Irrigation begun in Utah
• 1849-Mixed chemical fertilizers sold commercially.
1850’s
• 1850-About 75-90 labor-hours required to produce 100 bushels of corn (2 ½ acres)
• 1850-70 Expanded market for ag. Products brought adoption of improved technology and resulting increases in farm production.
1850’s
• 1854-Self-governing windmill perfected.
• 1856-2-horse straddle-row cultivator patented.
A windmill
1860’s
• Change from hand power to horse. The first Ag. Revolution.
• 1865-75 Gang plows and sulky plows came into use.
• 1868-Steam tractors were tried out.
• Spring-tooth harrow or seedbed preparation appeared.
1870’s
• 1870’s -Silos came into use.
• 1870’s-Deep-well drilling first widely used.
• 1874-Glidden barbed wire patented.
• Availability of barbed wire allowed fencing of rangeland, ending era of unrestricted open-range grazing.
1880’s
• 1880-William Deering put 3,000 twine binders on the market.
• 1884-90-Horse-drawn combine used in Pacific coast wheat areas.
A binder
1890’s
• 1890-95• Cream separators
came into wide use.• 1890-99-Average
annual consumption of commercial fertilizer:1,845,900 tons.
Cream seperators
1890’s
• 1890’s- Agriculture became increasingly mechanized and commercialized.
• 1890-35-40 labor-hours required to produce 100 bushels of corn (2 ½ acres.)
1900’s
• 1900-1909-Average annual consumption of commercial fertilizer:3,738,300 tons.
• 1900-1910-George Washington Carver, pioneered in new uses for peanuts, sweet potatoes, and soybeans, thus helping to diversify southern agriculture. George Washington Carver
1910’s
• 1910-1915-Big open geared gas tractors came into use in areas of extensive farming.
• 1915-20 Enclosed gears developed for tractors.
1918-Small prairie-type combine with auxiliary engine introduced.
1920’s
• 1920-1929-Average annual consumption of commercial fertilizer:6,845,800 tons.
• 1920-40 Gradual increase in farm production resulting from expanded use of mechanized power.
• 1926- Successful light tractor develop.
A Fordson Tractor
1930’s
• 1930-39 Average annual consumption of commercial fertilizer:6,599,913 tons.
• All-purpose, rubber-tired tractor with complementary machinery came into wide use.
1930’s
• 1930-One farmer supplied 9.8 persons in the United States and abroad.
• 15-20 labor hours required to produce 100 bushels of corn.
1940’s
• One farmer supplied 10.7 persons in the United States and abroad.
• 1941-45 Frozen foods popularized.
• Spindle cotton produced commercially.
1940’s
• 1945-Change from horses to tractors-The second great ag. Revolution.
• 10-14 labor-hours required to produce 100 bushels of corn.
1950’s
• 1950-59-Average annual consumption of commercial fertilizer: 22,340,666 tons.
• 1950-One farmer supplied 15.5 persons in the U.S. and abroad.
1950’s
• 1954-Number of tractors on farmers exceeded the number of horses and mules for first time.
• 1955- 6 ½ labor hours required to produce 100 acres of wheat.
1960’s
• 1960-One farmer supplied 25.8 persons in the United States and abroad.
• 1965-5 labor-hours required to produce 100 bushels of wheat.
• 1965-Federal loans and grants for water/sewer systems began.
1970’s
• 1970’s No-tillage ag. popularized.
• One farmer supplied 75.8 persons in the U.S. and abroad.
• 1975-3 ½ hours labor hours required to produce 100 bushels of corn.
1980-1990
• 1980’s-More farmers use no-till or low till.
• 1987 2 ¾ hours required to produce 100 bushels of corn (1 1/8 ac.)
• 1989-More farmers began to use low-input sustainable agriculture, to decrease chemical applications.
Special Thanks To the U.S.D.A.
In the production ofthis presentation