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History of Art I
Islamic Art and Architecture
Byzantine: Hagia Sophia
Icons (Image)
Christ (oldest known icon, sixth century)Sacred imageFollowed a fixed pattern(so craftsmanship emphasized over creativity)Encaustic: durability
Madonna Enthroned, c. 1200 AD, National Gallery of Art, DC
Islamic Tradition
Islam is the religion that centers around the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, c. 570-632 ADBegins in Arabia but spreads all the way from Spain to India and Indonesia.In art we will see more emphasis in the “decorative arts” rather than figural art.
Kaaba
• A pre-Islamic site • Muhammad taught that
Abraham and Ishmael built it
• Contains a black stone (a meteorite) that the Angel Gabriel gave to Abraham
• Muslims walk around the kaaba seven times
The Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, 690 AD
Probably built by Byzantine architects from Constantinople. This will be typical of Islamic art and architecture in general: freely borrowing and adapting local traditions.What type of plan is this?Part of an effort to make Jerusalem, not Mecca the prime pilgrimage site
Rock: from which Muhammad ascended to God
Plan
Nine Square Grid
Mosaic
The Mosque
• A Prayer Hall: “Place of Prostration”
• A Qibla Wall• A Mihrab• Minarets
Mosque at Kairouan, Tunisia
Cordoba, Spain, 800 AD
Horseshoe Arches
Mihrab
• Djenne Mosque, Mali, Africa
Palaces
• The Alhambra, Granada, Spain, 1000 AD
• Court of Myrtles
Hall of Two Sisters
Muqarnas
Type of corbel but decorative, not structuralBased upon radial symmetry
Court of Lions
India
• Taj Mahal, 1600
Taj Mahal
• Arabesques: • on surface, • on onion dome