History of Computing and Technology

Introduction to Nursing Informatics 2013 - 4th EditionChapter 4 History of Informatics

To understand a science it is necessary to know its historyComte 1798-1857

Core Concepts Included in this Presentation Include

Introduction to Nursing Informatics 2013 - 4th EditionChapter 4

Historical Milestones in Technology

Historical Milestones in Computing

Nursing Pioneers and Computer Use

Historical Milestones in Technology

These online resources summarise generations one to three of the computing paradigm.

imagePresented by the Computer History Museum

Follow this link to view

Whilst computers and technology are linked it is useful to view them in this chapter separately by year. This can be done by viewing the technology time line in the computer history museum and by searching under key categories relating to the technology. For example one can search under categories such as components, networks , computer software and languages.

Historical Milestones in ComputingThese online resources summarise generation one to three of the computing paradigm.

A Brief History of the Computer Presented by TIME Photographs

Follow this link to view This resource developed by the Computer History Museum depicts the

development of computers from 1939- 1988 Follow this link to view

Emergence of Technology in Healthcare

Introduction to Nursing Informatics 2013 - 4th EditionChapter 4

Evolution of technology supporting health care and professional nursing practice

Pre 1950

19501960

19701980

19902000

2000+

Click images to open hyperlinks

Marion Ball Podcast

History of Computing & Technology

BCS InformationPioneers

Introduction to Nursing Informatics 2013 - 4th EditionChapter 4

Nursing Pioneers & Computer Use

In many instances the early pioneer nurses in informatics were poorly paid and had inadequate study leave and in many cases left the profession to pursue careers as systems analysts. However, some of the pioneers remained and we acknowledge some of them within the following sections – nursing education, nursing administration, nursing care and nursing research .

Nursing Education

Introduction to Nursing Informatics 2013 - 4th EditionChapter 4

• Mariann Drost Bitzer (1963)• First simulation in nursing obstetrics

• Judith Ronald, University of New York (1970’s)• CAI in Nurse Education in the 1970’s

• Diane Skiba, Boston College• Co-ordinating Nursing Informatics

Courses

• Virginia Saba, Georgetown University• Co-ordinating Nursing Informatics

Courses

• Christine Henney, University of Dundee• Co-ordinating Nursing Informatics

Courses

Journal of Nursing Administration featured a monthly article on computerapplications in nursing from 1970

Introduction to Nursing Informatics 2013 - 4th EditionChapter 4

Nursing Administration

• Marilyn Plomann, Chicago (1970’s & 1980’s)• Developed nursing administration initiatives

• Catherine Cunningham (1970’s & 1980’s)• Nurse Manpower Planning Projects

• Elly Pluytr-Wenting, Leiden, Holland (1976-1983)• Nursing Manpower Planning

• Phyllis Giovanetti (1978)• Nurse Scheduling Systems

• Elizabeth Butler (1973-1983)• Nurse Scheduling and Staffing Systems

• Virginia Saba (1970’s & 1980’s)• Public Health Service Dept. – Promoting

Public Health Nursing Services

Introduction to Nursing Informatics 2013 - 4th EditionChapter 4

Nursing Care

1992 Norma Lang & June Clark – if we cannot name it (nursing) we cannot control it, finance it, research it or put it into public policy.. (In relation to nursing language).

Kathryn Hannah first nurse elected to COACH (Canadian Organisation for the Advancement of Computers in Health) .

Maureen Scholes – The London Hospital Real-Time Computer Project – resulted in The introduction of a hospital communicationsystem that provided patient administration services,laboratory services and radiography services using 105 visual display units in all hospital wards and departments.

Elizabeth Butler – Kings Hospital, LondonEngaged in developing and implementing the computerised nursing care plan system for the Professional Medical Unit and for the nursing care plan system for all wards and specialties in the 500 bedded hospital.

Christine Henney, Ninewells Hospital, DundeeInvolved in the design and implementation of a real time nursing system

Joy Brown and Marjorie Wright, York Hospital OntarioBoth worked as systems co-ordinators and were actively involved in designing, coding and implementing the computerised patient care system at their hospital.They were also responsible for training on the system.

Introduction to Nursing Informatics 2013 - 4th EditionChapter 4

Nursing Research • 1960 working with ANA (American Nurses Association) Harriet

Werley identified research on communication and decision making in nursing (1960’s)

• Kathryn Hannah with David Shires in 1980 at Medinfo in Tokyo set up a separate nursing informatics section within IMIA

• Maureen Scholes in 1982 facilitated an open forum on the impact of computers in nursing (London)

• 1981 Virginia Saba established a nursing presence at the symposium on computer applications in medical care (USA)

• 1982 Carol Ostrowski created a nursing profession specialty

group - AAMSI (American Association for Medical Systems and Informatics)

• 1983 Marion Ball identified nursing informatics as specialty

• 1988 Harriet Werley and Norma Lang identify the American nursing minimum data set

Scholes Analysis of Papers 1960-1997

Laboratory , Imaging Monitoring / Therapy Prevention

Decision Support, Artificial Intelligence Patient (Nursing) Record

Language Classification and Retrieval Information Systems Data Base Data Protection Ethics Law

Education Training Research Statistics Models

Introduction to Nursing Informatics 2013 - 4th EditionChapter 4

Scholes et al in 2000 completed an analysis of early scientific papers in nursing research, relating specifically to informatics and computers from 1960-1997

and the following key themes emanated from the work.

Chapter Summary

• The development of technology and its contribution to the history of computing is explored in this presentation.

• Evolving since the 1950’s the computer has replaced traditional methods of processing information.

• Nursing informatics pioneers can be identified over

the past 50 years as contributing to this evolution.

Introduction to Nursing Informatics 2013 - 4th EditionChapter 4

Activity

Introduction to Nursing Informatics 2013 - 4th EditionChapter 4

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