History of Dentistry

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Faculty Of Dentistry Faculty Of Dentistry Faculty Of Dentistry Faculty Of Dentistry Pharos University Pharos University Pharos University Pharos University

P.U.AP.U.AP.U.AP.U.A

Dentistry has a long and fascinating history.

From the earliest of times, humans have

been suffering by dental disease.been suffering by dental disease.

Many of the remarkable techniques in

modern dentistry can be traced to the very

earliest of times in every culture.

Sunday, October 04, 2009 2DR . HASHEM HASSOUNA

Sunday, October 04, 2009 DR . HASHEM HASSOUNA 3

.

Magic played an important part in the treatment

of dental ills, and people of early ages had odd

beliefs concerning teeth. The Egyptians


beliefs concerning teeth. The Egyptians

believed that the mouse was under the direct

protection of the sun, therefore if one had a

toothache the split body of a warm mouse was

applied to the affected side.


.”


Jaw of ancient Egyptian showing drill

holes used in dental repair.

Egyptian Hesi-Re(3000b.c) is the first

dentist to pharaohs, he was associating

medicine and dentistry


• In the 5th century B.C,

Herodotus described art

of medicine in Egypt as

being the home of

medical specialties to

be distributed each


be distributed each

physician is a physician

of one disease for e.g..

Some experts of eyes,

while other for head and

teeth


Splinting with gold foil and wire was

done by ancient Egyptian 2500bc

discovered in the tomb 948 A.D in

Giza


“Dentistry was practiced in pharaonic

times, but that it also indicates the

respect the king had for the royal

dentist.. ."

Hammurabi code

Hammurabi 1760 B.C. is the first state

controlled economy fees charged by

physicians were established . His law code

contained two paragraphs dealing with teeth.contained two paragraphs dealing with teeth.

�If a person knocks out the teeth of an equal, his teeth

shall be knocked out

�If he knocks out the tooth of feed slave, he shall pay

one third of a mine

The teeth were knocked out as a form of punishment

among these early people


• Aesculapius

• Hippocrates

• Aristotle

• Diocles of Carystus


• Etruscans (100 - 400 B.C.) the greatestcontribution in restorative dentistry. InItalian museums there are numerousspecimens of crowns and bridges.

• A bridge constructed about 2500 yearsago. This consists of several gold bandsfastened to natural teeth and supportingthree artificial teeth, two of which aremade from a calf's tooth grooved in thecenter to appear like two central incisors.



Ancient Etruscan gold-banded bridge


THE EARLY TIMESTHE EARLY TIMES

THE ROMANSTHE ROMANS

• Celsus

• Archigenus (100 A.D.)

• Galen (200 A.D)

• ST. Apollonian of Alexandria (294 A.D) • ST. Apollonian of Alexandria (294 A.D)

was prayed in order to relief pain


ARABS

Albucasis(albucasem ) 1013AD in Cordoba a great Arabian exponent of oral surgery in the middle ages. He was famous surgeon, teacher and the surgeon, teacher and the first to believe in referred pain theory. He described techniques for extractions and treatment of partially luxated teeth and correct deformities in the mouth and dental.


Albucasis books first

illustared dental

instrument

�14 type of

scalers

�Elevators for

surgery

�Cautery�Cautery

�Forceps for

surgery

�Dental saws and

files for removel of

caries


• Leonardo DaVinci studied human anatomy and

sketched every part of the human body. He was the

first to describe the differences between molars andfirst to describe the differences between molars and

premolars.

• Ambroise Pare was the founder of modern surgery.

• Pierre Fauchard was the founder of modern

dentistry. He developed dentistry as an independent

profession from medicine.


Pierre Fauchard, the

“Father of Modern

Dentistry”.

• credited with being the "father of moderndentistry.

• His book, describes the basic oral anatomy• His book, describes the basic oral anatomyand function, signs and symptoms of oralpathology, operative methods for removingdecay and restoring teeth, periodontal disease(pyorrhea), orthodontics, replacement ofmissing teeth, and tooth transplantation.


• Robert Woofendale was one of the first dentists in

the colonies.

• John Baker, M.D., practiced dentistry in New York,

Boston, and Philadelphia. George Washington was

one of his patients.one of his patients.

• Paul Revere,, was a silverworker who became a

dentist. He is credited with being the first to use

forensic dental evidence to identify human remains.


Early America− cont’d

• Isaac Greenwood was the first native-born

American dentist.

• John Greenwood was the second son of Isaac

Greenwood. He served in the American ArmyGreenwood. He served in the American Army

at the age of 14 years. He later became a

dentist like his father.


• Known worldwide as G.V. Black, he

earned the title of “the grand old man

of dentistry.”

G. V. Black, the “Grand Old Man of

Dentistry”.

of dentistry.”

• He standardized the rules of cavity

preparation and filling.

• He developed the principle of

“extension for prevention.”


Black’s dental treatment room

C. Edmund KellsC. Edmund Kells


Edmund Edmund Edmund Edmund KellsKellsKellsKells and his “working unit”, about and his “working unit”, about and his “working unit”, about and his “working unit”, about

1900. Assistant on the left is keeping cold air on 1900. Assistant on the left is keeping cold air on 1900. Assistant on the left is keeping cold air on 1900. Assistant on the left is keeping cold air on

the cavity while assistant on the right mixes the cavity while assistant on the right mixes the cavity while assistant on the right mixes the cavity while assistant on the right mixes

materials and “secretary” records details.materials and “secretary” records details.materials and “secretary” records details.materials and “secretary” records details.

• Dr. Wells was the dentist credited with the

discovery of inhalation anesthesia in 1844.

• He realized the potential for pain-free • He realized the potential for pain-free

dentistry by using nitrous oxide (laughing gas).


Women Enter the Profession

• Emiline Roberts became the first woman

dentist in the United States


Lucy B. Hobbs-Taylor, the first woman

graduate of dental school.

Dental students at University of California San Francisco,

School of Dentistry treat patients in the dental clinic in the

early 1900s. (Courtesy of UCSF School of Dentistry).

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History of Dentistry

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