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History of Indigenous in History of Indigenous in Latin AmericaLatin America
Nicki SmithNicki Smith
Michon McBrideMichon McBride
Main Indigenous GroupsMain Indigenous Groups
AztecAztec
MayaMaya
IncaInca
AztecsAztecs
Capital City of Tenochtitlan in Central Capital City of Tenochtitlan in Central MexicoMexico
Known for graphic ritual sacrificesKnown for graphic ritual sacrifices Most dominant groupMost dominant group Montezuma was last kingMontezuma was last king Conquered in 1521 by CortesConquered in 1521 by Cortes
Under siege Under siege Smallpox epidemicSmallpox epidemic
Aztec CultureAztec Culture
Language of N’ahuatlLanguage of N’ahuatl Alphabet of picturesAlphabet of pictures
Music/DanceMusic/Dance Closely linked to religionClosely linked to religion Polytheism (Quetzacoatl)Polytheism (Quetzacoatl)
ArtArt Stoneworkers, scribes, feather workers Stoneworkers, scribes, feather workers
Aztec ArchitectureAztec Architecture Capital City of TenochtitlanCapital City of Tenochtitlan
On Island with Causeways On Island with Causeways Mexico City was built on top of the ruinsMexico City was built on top of the ruins
MayaMaya
Yucutan Peninsula regionYucutan Peninsula region Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El SalvadorBelize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador
Already in downfall before ConquestAlready in downfall before Conquest Soil exhaustionSoil exhaustion Peasant revoltsPeasant revolts
North was stronger than the SouthNorth was stronger than the South No unity; Spaniards easily defeated themNo unity; Spaniards easily defeated them
Mayan CultureMayan Culture Mayan calenderMayan calender
Heightened understanding of math/timeHeightened understanding of math/time Cyclical calender; understanding of astronomyCyclical calender; understanding of astronomy Understood concept of zeroUnderstood concept of zero
RecordsRecords Hieroglyphics in deerskin booksHieroglyphics in deerskin books Sacred book of Popul Vuh written post Sacred book of Popul Vuh written post
conquestconquest Oral history/ culture written downOral history/ culture written down
Mayan ArchitectureMayan Architecture
TikalTikal Ceremonial CenterCeremonial Center Located in GuatemalaLocated in Guatemala
IncaInca
Located on W. strip of South AmericaLocated on W. strip of South America Most of fighting in conquest took place in PeruMost of fighting in conquest took place in Peru Valley of Cuzco in Peru was centerValley of Cuzco in Peru was center
Inca revolted most against ConquestInca revolted most against Conquest Manco Inca organized rebellionManco Inca organized rebellion
Francisco Pizarro Francisco Pizarro Arrived 1532Arrived 1532 Finally defeated Incans in 1540’sFinally defeated Incans in 1540’s
Incan CultureIncan Culture
No written language; oral traditionNo written language; oral tradition No formal mathematics systemNo formal mathematics system Built temples and palacesBuilt temples and palaces
10,000 miles of road10,000 miles of road ArtArt
Jewelry and StatuettesJewelry and Statuettes• Religious purposesReligious purposes
Incan ArchitectureIncan Architecture Machu PicchuMachu Picchu
Sacred templeSacred temple Religious retreatReligious retreat Never conqueredNever conquered
By Spanish b/cBy Spanish b/c
They neverThey never
Found it.Found it.
--Located in--Located in
Andes in PeruAndes in Peru
GeneralGeneral
Holy InquisitionHoly Inquisition European Friars tortured Indians into European Friars tortured Indians into
accepting Christian Godaccepting Christian God A lot of transculturationA lot of transculturation
RaceRace Extensive racial mixingExtensive racial mixing Resulted in mestizos, mulattos, and the creole Resulted in mestizos, mulattos, and the creole
classclass Determined social classDetermined social class
SourcesSources
http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/region/indigenous/http://lanic.utexas.edu/la/region/indigenous/ http://www.crystalinks.com/incan.htmlhttp://www.crystalinks.com/incan.html http://library.thinkquest.org/10098/aztec.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/10098/aztec.htm Personal notes: History 141: Colonial Latin American Personal notes: History 141: Colonial Latin American
History (F 2005)History (F 2005)