HISTORY OF INGLISH EDUCATION IN INDIA

ALFA MERIN THOMAS

Topic : THE DEVELOPMENT OF

ENGLISH EDUCATION IN INDIA

Optional : ENGLISH

Roll No : 4

M.G.U.C.T.E

MUVATTUPUZHAWELCOME

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION IN INDIAHistory Of English Education in IndiaEnglish, the Queen of languages.It influenced Indian National life.Aroused patriotism and National sentiments across the country.Resulted the independence of India.English attain the status of Associate Official Language.A brief sketch to the history... PRE-INDEPENDENCE PERIOD:- The East India Company (1600),interested in trade then involved in politics. Became an agent of British Government during 18th and 19th centuries.POST-INDEPENDENCE PERIOD:- After independence English attain the role of medium of instruction and Associate Official Language.PRE-INDEPENDENCE PERIODCHARTER ACTProposed by William Wilberforce in 1793. To send teachers to India , but it was rejected.In 1813 it was renewed.The clause 43 of the Charter contained the educational policy of the government.Promotes translation of native books into English.Christian missionaries actively engaged in educational activities in India.English education began to take root in the Indian soil.Clause 43A sum of not less than one lakh rupees in each year shall be set apart and applied to the revival and improvement of literature and the encouragement of the learned natives of India, and for the introduction and promotion of a knowledge of the sciences among the inhabitants of the British territories in India.THE EAST-WEST CONTROVERSY(Also known as Oriental-Occidental Controversy) Main issues were based on Whether a limited number of people be given education in higher branches of learning or elementary education be given to the masses.Whether English/Sanskrit/Arabic /Persian be the medium of instruction.Whether the Western sciences and literature or the Eastern studies be encouraged.Whether the responsibilities for education be entrusted with the state or be left to private enterprises.MACAULAYS MINUTENew policy by Lord William Thomas Bebington Macaulay in 1835.Interpreted clause 43 of Charter Act 1813.English education should be the aim of Indian education.Promotion of literature means promotion of English literature.Learned natives meant person learned in English. Macaulays Minute is considered as the Blue Print of modern Indian education. English as the medium of instruction due to..English is the key to modern knowledge.It stands pre-eminent among the languages of the west.It is the language of the ruling class.It would bring about renaissance in IndiaThe natives are desirous of learning English. (Proposed by Governor General Lord William Bentinck)THE DOWNWARD FILTRATION THEORYMacaulays view: We do not at present aim at giving education directly to the lower classes of the people of this country. We aim at raising up an educated class who will thereafter, as we hope, be the means of diffusing among their countrymen some portion of the knowledge we have imparted to them.POST-INDEPENDENCE PERIODASSOCIATE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE Mahatma Gandhi proposed Hindi as national language because:- as indigenous language :-knowledgeable for major section of India The Official Language Commission (1955) strongly recommend for English.By 1965 English attain the status of Associate Official Language.

The Three Language FormulaMother tongue or regional language should be the medium of instruction throughout the secondary school stage.During middle school stage every child should be taught at least two languagesAt the High and Higher Secondary stage , at least two languages should be studied. KOTHARI COMMISSION 1964-66Implications.. Compulsory study of the mother tongue or the regional language at the Lower Primary stage.Compulsory study of two languages- the mother tongue or the language and Hindi or English at the Upper Primary stage.Obligatory study of three languages viz, Hindi or English, English as a library language and a modern Indian Language in Secondary stage.Two compulsory language for Higher Secondary :-a modern Indian language, a modern foreign language and a classical language.Implications of NCERTLower Primary mother tongue or the regional language.Upper Primary three languages viz, the mother tongue or the regional language, a modern Indian Language and English.Secondary three languages viz, the mother tongue or regional language, a modern Indian language and English.