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HISTORY OF LIFE ON EARTH AND CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISMS

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Universe

10 bya

Origin of the Earth/ Solar System

4.6 Bya

Origin of Life on Earth

3.5 Bya

Biological Changes

(BIO EVOLUTION)

Biodiversity

On

Earth

1,000,000,000 years = 1 B.Y.Bya = Billion years ago

3.5 Billion Years Ago3.5 Billion Years Ago

Oldest known life Prokaryotic cell

No nucleus

Resembles Cyanobacteria from today

Oldest known life Prokaryotic cell

No nucleus

Resembles Cyanobacteria from today

Ancient Fossil Bacteria : Pictured above are two kinds cyanobacteria from the Bitter Springs Chert. On the left is a colonial chroococcalean form, probably Myxococcoides minor, and on the right is the filamentous Palaeolyngbya.

Bitter Springs Chert (in Red)

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/precambrian/bittersprings.html

1 BYA-1.8 BYA1 BYA-1.8 BYA

First Eukaryotic Cells 1 BYA

Fossils with preserved nuclei

First Eukaryotic Cells 1 BYA

Fossils with preserved nuclei

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/alllife/eukaryotafr.html

600-560 MYA600-560 MYA Formation of the Ozone Layer

Cyanobacteria now producing much of the world’s Oxygen (O2).

UV rays hit oxygen and cause formation of Ozone (O3).

Now that Ozone is blocking UV rays…Life can move

onto land

Formation of the Ozone Layer Cyanobacteria now producing much of the world’s

Oxygen (O2).

UV rays hit oxygen and cause formation of Ozone (O3).

Now that Ozone is blocking UV rays…Life can move

onto land

http://www.albany.edu/faculty/rgk/atm101/ozone.htm#form

3.5 Bya

1,000,000,000 years = 1 B.Y.

1 Bya

560 MYAOzone Layer Forms

Today

When did Humans come along?When did Humans come along? Homo sapien sapiens (modern man)

first appears ~1.8 MYA (MILLION not Billion)

Homo sapien sapiens (modern man) first appears ~1.8 MYA (MILLION not Billion)

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3.5 Bya

1,000,000,000 years = 1 B.Y.

1 Bya

560 MYAOzone Layer Forms

Today

1.8 MYA

Homo sapien

ClassificationClassification

All living and extinct organisms are organized into units called TAXONS

6 Kingdom Classification: Bacteria Archaea Protists Plants Fungi Animals (Invertebrates and Vertebrates)

All living and extinct organisms are organized into units called TAXONS

6 Kingdom Classification: Bacteria Archaea Protists Plants Fungi Animals (Invertebrates and Vertebrates)

Classification — (Linneaus System)

KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies

Taxonomic unit/ Taxon

Bacteria and ArchaeaBacteria and Archaea

Are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus) Primitive (simple) Archaea live in extreme conditions (ex: in lava

flows, ice)

Are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus) Primitive (simple) Archaea live in extreme conditions (ex: in lava

flows, ice)

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Archaea in deep sea vent!

ProtistsProtists

Are unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes (with nucleus)

Includes amoeba, algae (kelp)

Are unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes (with nucleus)

Includes amoeba, algae (kelp)

Volvox

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Amoeba

PlantsPlants

Are multicellular Eukaryotes (with nucleus) Can Photosythesize(autotrophs)

Are multicellular Eukaryotes (with nucleus) Can Photosythesize(autotrophs)

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FungiFungi

Are multicellular eukaryotes (with nucleus) Absorb nutrients from the surrounding

(heterotroph)

Are multicellular eukaryotes (with nucleus) Absorb nutrients from the surrounding

(heterotroph)

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AnimalsAnimals

Eukaryotes and heterotrophs Invertebrates have no backbone Vertebrates have backbone

Eukaryotes and heterotrophs Invertebrates have no backbone Vertebrates have backbone

AnimalsAnimals Invertebrates - can be motile (move) or sessile (stationary); Body symmetry can be present/absent; if present, body can show radial symmetry or bilateral symmetry; Body can be divided into segments of sametype or different types

Invertebrates - can be motile (move) or sessile (stationary); Body symmetry can be present/absent; if present, body can show radial symmetry or bilateral symmetry; Body can be divided into segments of sametype or different types

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AnimalsAnimals Vertebrates - includes fishes, amphibians, reptiles (includes

birds), and mammals (have mammary or milk glands) Vertebrates - includes fishes, amphibians, reptiles (includes

birds), and mammals (have mammary or milk glands)

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